An overview of horticultural crops with emphasis on vegetables production in Ethiopia. A country report

Transcription

1 An overview of horticultural crops with emphasis on vegetables production in Ethiopia A country report Presented at the workshop Tuta absoluta: Meeting the challenge of the tomato leafminer By Endale Gebre

2 The Horticulture Sub-sector Importance Food self-sufficiency (Root and tubers, Enset) Nutrition (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, dietary fiber) Raw material for agro-industries (Tomato paste, juices, orange marmalade, wine) Source of foreign currency (2002/ /10, 25,300 ton to 63,140 ton Source of employment (Labor intensive) Natural Resource Management (Conservation with fruit crops, high value tree crops)

3 CSA estimates of 2008/09 about ~ 6 million farmers engaged Production estimates of fruit, vegetable & roots : mil. tons (9.2%) of total crop production - Area of production 356 thousand ha (2.4%) of total cultivated - Total fruit production 351 thousand tons (16%) - Total vegetable production 600 thousand tons (28%) - Total root crops 1.2 mil. tons (56%) About 12 private commercial farms engaged partly on production and export of fruit and/or vegetables

4 Divers Agro-ecology

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9 OPPORTUNITIES Favorable and diverse climate - Temperate zone (> 2400 m.a.s.l, average temp o C) - Sub tropical zone ( m.a.s.l, o C) - Tropical/arid zone (< 1500 m.a.s.l, more than 27 o C) Irrigable land - Irrigable potential 4.26 million ha - Existing irrigation 247,470 ha (5.8%) with different capacities Geographic location (Export market)

10 Commodities and major crops under horticulture research Tropical Fruits Temperate Fruits Vegetables Root & Tubers Citrus Apple Tomato Potato Banana Peach Onion Enset Mango Plum Shallot Sweet potato Papaya Pear Garlic Cassava Avocado Walnut Pepper Yam Grapevine Nectarine Cabbage Taro Pineapple Apricot Carrot Date palm Snap beans Other vegetables

11 Table. Estimate of Fruit and Vegetables in 2004/05 and 2005/06 (in Meher Season) Crop Area (1000 ha) Production (1000 ton) 2004/ /06 % Change 2004/ /06 % change Vegetables Faba beans Haricot beans Lettuce Head cabbage Eth. Cabbage Tomatoes Green peppers Red peppers Beetroot Carrot Onion I. Potato S. Potato??? 40 40? Garlic Fruits Avocado Bananas Guavas Lemons Mangoes Citrus Papayas Pineapple Source: Central Statistics Agency, Data refer to 2000/01 from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Production and Marketing Study, Ethiopian Export Promotion Agency, Sisay Habte, April 2004

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13 Table : Summary of fruit and vegetable consumption patterns Ethiopia Burundi Malawi Vegetable consumption % consuming Quantity (kg/person/yr) Value (US$/person/yr) Price (US$/kg) % of food budget % of total budget Mozambique Tanzania Rwanda Kenya Uganda Ghana Guinea Fruit consumption % consuming Quantity (kg/person/yr) Value (US$/person/yr) Price (US$/kg) % of food budget % of total budget Source: Woldsadiq, 2007

14 Challenges/Gaps Shortage of high yielding & good quality varieties Seed/planting materials Diseases and insect pests Shortage of skilled personnel Inadequate capacity in research and extension Crop Management (Irrigation, IPM, Quality, food safety) Poor post harvest handling Weak production and market chain

15 Government Supported Research Projects Commodity Tropical Fruits Vegetable Potato Sweet potato & other root crops Temperate Fruits Enset Project Title Introduction and Adaptation of Tropical Fruit Technologies for Different Purposes and Agro-Ecologies Development and Promotion of Tropical Fruit Technologies for Different Purposes and Agro-Ecologies Introduction and Adaptation of Vegetable Technologies for Different Agro-Ecologies Development and Promotion of Vegetable Crop Technologies for Different Agro-Ecologies of Ethiopia Development and Promotion of Potato Technologies for Different Agro- Ecologies of Ethiopia Development and Promotion of Root Crops Technologies for Different Agro-Ecologies of Ethiopia Introduction and Adaptation of Temperate Fruit Technologies for Different Production Niches Development and Promotion of Temperate Fruit Technologies for Different Production Niches Development and Promotion of Enset Technologies for Different Agro- Ecologies of Ethiopia

16 Externally Funded Research Projects Project Title High value trees for intensification of dry land agriculture in Ethiopia Wealth Creation through Potatoes: Increasing Production and Developing New Market Opportunities for Smallholder Potato Growers in Ethiopia Soil fertility and soil health: Critical factors in improving livelihoods and productivity in small-scale potato based farming systems in Ethiopia Diversification of Incomes of farmers through production of potato and sweet potato Enhancement of cassava production in Ethiopia through development and adaptation of improved technologies Transfer & dissemination of proven/emerging agricultural technologies in orange fleshed sweet potato Management of bacterial wilt enset Budget Source RCBP CIP/CFC ADA/GTZ CIP EAAPP ASARECA Macknight foundation

17 Some of the improved technologies made available through the research Improved on station Improved on farm Practices National Average

18 Productivity of Tomato Yield (t/ha) Research On-farm CSA

19 Productivity of Onion Yield (t/ha) Research On-farm CSA

20 Productivity of some fruit crops under small-scale farmers and research Crop Farmers Slid e 20 Yield t/ha Yield Research t/ha Avocados Bananas Lemons Mangoes Oranges Papayas Source: CSA (2009), MoA (2005)

21 Table. The CSA report of Meher season data and productivity for some vegetable crops under small scale farmers condition. Crop name (common and scientific) CSA 2012/13 Yield Productivity q/ha Best Average Yield Potential Yield Number Released Varieties since 1998 G.C Crop cover area in ha now/recent data/ Total 2012/13 Tomato Onion Shallot No data No data Garlic Hot pepper (Red) Notes: CSA Meher season report, however most vegetables are produced under irrigation and private farms have better option to use better technologies and hence better productivity.

22 Table : Trend in Ethiopian export of fruits and vegetables Fruit and Vegetables Ethiopian export of fruits and vegetables (1000 $) Potatoes , , ,242 Legumes 15,921 10,279 13,355 8,879 20,758 30,522 18,521 - peas chickpeas ,298 14, beans 15,524 10,201 13,246 8,671 10,890 14,119 12,045 - lentils horse bean ,054 5,297 - other legumes Tomatoes Other vegetables 3,206 2,111 2,371 2,316 2,614 3,449 2,993 - onions, shallots garlic, leek cabbage lettuce edible roots cucumbers legumes 28 1,240 1,394 1,075 1,936 1,257 - other vegetables 3,184 1, Vegetables frozen 2, ,802 2,820 1,229 -sweet corn frozen 1 - other vegetables frozen 2, ,802 2,819 1,229 Fruit,nuts excl.oil nuts 1,323 1,109 1,237 1,072 1,429 2,519 1,615 - oranges mandarins lemons,limes bananas avocado,guava,mango Vegetable (unspecified) 43,941 52,954 67,976 72,522 57,256 45, ,554 Data source: ITC/WTO data

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24 Agriculture Targets Commodity Production (1000 MT) Percent Increase Pulses 1, Coffee Spices Root crops 1,781 2,020 3, Horticulture 1,282 1,688 5, Sugarcane

25 Favoring conditions Potential environment for year round production, huge water source & large labor force Available improved technologies and information through research Government commitment and support to the sector (Establishing Coordinating body EHDA, budget for R&D, loans with grace period, tax free, GTP F&V export is priority sub-sector of DBE) High demand of horticultural products (local, regional, international) New initiatives (Companies, investors, Regional trade, partnerships)

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