JNC ICID AND INWEPF WORKSHOP. Fields in Asia Region. Mr Mohd Yazid Abdullah

Transcription

1 JNC ICID AND INWEPF WORKSHOP Best Practice Related Rltdto Water Ecosystem Paddy Wt t Pdd Fields in Asia Region Mr Mohd Yazid Abdullah INWEPFMalaysia Committee

2 OVERVIEW 1) Introduction ti to INWEPF 2) Food security in Asia Region 3) Irrigation and food production and environment. 4) Multifunctional roles of paddy fields 5) Working Group 1 activities iti on multiple l roles 6) Evaluation and Monetary assessment for Multifunction 7) Pilot study and preparation of guidelines for monetary assessment 8) Conclusion

3 INTRODUCTION 1. Asia Monsoon region more than half of the world s population p resides, 2. Rice have been cultivated over thousand years most important staple crop; adapted to the climate and has supported large population. 3. The paddy systems have provided not only food but also a broadbenefits benefits in the social, economic, environmental and cultural aspects to the region. 4. Perception that large scale paddy yplanting in Asian countries are contributing to degradation of the environment through destruction of ecosystem and methane gas emission. i 5. Overlooked the importance of paddy field in providing many other benefits. ###

4 INTRODUCTION INWEPF International Network for Water and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields. Established in order to address three challenges, which the 3 rd WWF (hosted by MAFF and FAO) adopted. d The three challenges are: 1. Food security and poverty alleviation 2. Sustainable water use 3. Partnership Member Country: Japan, South Korea, China, Malaysia, Cambodia, Sri Langka, Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Philippines, Lao PDR, Bangladesh, Egypt, India and Pakistan International Authority: IWMI, FAO, MR, ICID, PAWEES and Others

5 INTRODUCTION TO INWEPF INWEPF Working Groups 1. Working Group 1 : Multiple roles of paddy fields, Lead by INWEPF Malaysia 2. Working Group 2 : Balance 0f production and environmental protection. Lead by INWEPF Korea 3. Working Group 3 : Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). Lead by INWEPF Japan

6 INWEPF MEMBER COUNTRIES: Area of paddy, value of rice production and population Country Area of Paddy Rice prod. value Population ha Mill. USD Mill. 1 Japan 2,602,319 22, Bangladesh 10,780,000 5, Cambodia 2,414, China 29,116,000 27,467 1,370 5 Egypt 700,000 1, India 43,660,000 20, ,210 7 Indonesia 11,800,901 11, South Korea 1,084,024 3, Laos 736, Malaysia 676, Myanmar 7,008,000 3, Nepal 1,453, Pakistan 2,621,400 1, Philippine 4,272,890 2, Sri Lanka 915, Thailand 10,224,966 4, Viet Nam 7,329,200 4, Total 137,394, ,247 3,694

7 Food security in Asia Region 1. Food price spikes in 2008 exposed vulnerability in the food supply demand 2. Raising demand resulted from population growth and economic development. 3. Increasing instability of food production associated with climate change 4. The key to address food security is through effective use of limited water and land resources 5. In the Asia Monsoon region, rice is most important staple crop

8 Food security in Asia Region To meet future food demand, Fraiture,2007 suggested; 1. Investment to increase food production in rain fed agriculture. 2. Investment in irrigated agriculture 3. Agricultural ltrade by trading food product from water rich and highly productive areas to water short areas 4. Reducing gross food demand by influencing diets, reducing post harvest loss, and reducing industrial and household wastes

9 Irrigation and food production and environment 1. Asia accounts for more than 7o percent of world irrigated area and 2/3 of this area is devoted to staple food of rice and wheat 1. Issues of main and small irrigation schemes: es: a) Physical water scarcity or economic scarcity of water b) Surface irrigation infrastructures has deteriorated due to lack of maintenance, old and failure to meet changing demand for water by farmers c) Efforts towards rehabilitation and modernization of surface gravity flow systems not so successful d) Irrigation reforms in the form of irrigation management transfer (IMT) or participatory ii irrigation i i management have failed to deliver as expected e) Over exploitation and depletion of ground water resources putting in present a risk to the livelihood of farmers f) Climate change and environmental related issues ###

10 Irrigation and food production and environment 1. The need for continuous financial investment ### through h modernization i of existing i irrigation i i ensure their continuity to meet future food demand 2. Irrigation and agriculture management and physical infrastructure design need a transformation to increase food production through increasing the productivity, efficiency and the resilience. 3. The success and sustainability of a small land holding nature of rice irrigation i i schemes in Asia is relying on farmers participation and cooperation in irrigation management. 4. Increasing food production need to be balanced with the environmental protection, and to address the issues of water demand and poor farmers

11 MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS 1. The hydrological behavior of paddy fields resembles that of natural wetlands, paddy fields are able to provide most, if not all, of the environmental and other benefits provided by wetlands. 2. When planned and managed properly, sustainable paddy farming can provide more benefit than adverse effects. 3. Whilst producing rice to secure food supply, paddy fields provide many environmental benefits such as flood control, sediment control, groundwater recharge etc. 4. Paddy field is very much part of Asian culture and has, in recent years, been successful sites for eco tourism in many parts of Asia. ###

12 MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS COVERS THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURES OF THE COUNTRIES 1) Flood Control 2) Water quality improvement 3) Prevention of soil erosion 4) Recharge of groundwater 5) Conservation of biodiversity 6) Climatic mitigation 7) Food Security 8) Social economic improvement 9) Cultural, Tourism and Educational Aspect ###

13 MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS 1. INWEPF is of the great interest in promoting sustainable rice production and appreciate the multifunctional roles of paddy fields and their benefits 2. The mandate to promote, plan and implement the activities on Multiple roles of paddy fields is under taken by Working Group 1 3. It is conducted through site visit, case study, desk study,pilot projects, workshop,conferences, homepage and cooperation among member countries and interaction with national, regional and international organizations

14 Working Group 1: Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields LEAD: INWEPF MALAYSIAN COMMITTEE PARTICIPATING MEMBERS: BANGLADESH, EGYPT, INDIA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, KOREA, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, THAILAND, PHILIPPINES,SRI LANGKA, FAO AND IWMI MISSION STATEMENTS: 1. THE WG 1 SUPPORTS WORKS TO PROMOTE THE MULTIPLE ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS. 2. THE TEAM SUPPORTS WORK TO IMPLEMENT CASE STUDIES AND DISSEMINATE INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE FOR MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS IN PADDY FIELDS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING OF PADDY FARMING IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ###

15 Working Group 1: Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields MANDATE OF WG 1 1. PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO COMPILE, PUBLISH, UPDATE AND/OR TRANSLATE DOCUMENTS ON MULTIPLE ROLES 2. DEVELOP GUIDELINES, METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS, EVALUATE OBTAIN AND DELIVER THE MULTIPLE BENEFITS 3. IDENTIFY RESEARCH PRIORITY AND PROMOTE THE EXECUTION OF THIS RESEARCH AT A MODEL SITE 4. EVALUATE THE VALUE OF WATER QUALITY, CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND TOURISM RESOURCES AT A MODEL SITE 5. SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT VISION, OBJECTS AND METHODOLOGIES OF MONETARY OR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE ROLES 6. PROMOTE COLLABORATION AMONG INWEPF MEMBER COUNTRIES 7. FACILITATE MEMBER COUNTRIES TO EVALUATE MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES BASED ON EXPERIENCE OF OTHERS ###

16 Working Group 1: Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields MULTIPLE ROLES: MEMBER COUNTRY TASKS INWEPF through its Working Group 1 has embarked in initiating pilot studies in member countries on multifunctional roles of paddy fields. Tasks were distributed among member countries. 1) Flood Control Malaysia, Thailand 2) Water quality improvement Thailand, Egypt 3) Prevention of soil erosion Malaysia 4) Recharge of groundwater Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh 5) Conservation of biodiversity Philippines 6) Climatic mitigation -India 7) Food Security Egypt, Indonesia

17 Working Group 1: Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields Strategic Planning Proposed within a model site Field Survey of water purification function of Paddy Field Thailand 2. Dissemination of the information through HomePage INWEPF Malaysia website : To Link Web Site with INWEPF countries To Link Web Site with INWEPF countries Members URL ###

18 Working Group 1: Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields Strategic t Planning To coordinate with INWEPF Korea of sharing country (Publish version) report to be published in Web INWEPF Malaysia. 4. Completion August 2011 member countries working tasks Case Study, Draft Guideline, Reports 5. Preparation input for WWF st INWEPF WWF Task Force Meeting 6. INWEPF Malaysia host next 8 th Steering Meeting and Organizing Symposium in November 2011

19 INWEPF WG 1: Three (3) Year Rolling Plan

20 Field Survey Terraces Farming and INWEPF Working Group 1 Meeting, (1 4 August 2010) Ifugao, Philippine

21 7 th INWEPF STEERING MEETING & PAWEES_SYMPOSIUM 7 _ Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

22 1 st Task Force INWEPF World Water Forum Working Group 1 st Task Force INWEPF World Water Forum Working Group Meeting and Field Vist, (2 4 March 2011) Penang, Malaysia

23 FIELD SURVEY AT LAEM PHAK BIO STUDY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, INWEPF WORKING GROUP 1 MEETING AND 2ND TASK FORCE MEETING, THAILAND

24 MANCID AND INWEPF JOINT SYMPOSIUM, FAO NATIONAL WORKSHOP & THE 8TH INWEPF STEERING MEETING, PENANG, MALAYSIA 2011 Sustainable Agriculture Water Use and Multifunction of Paddy Fields

25 MANCIDAND INWEPF JOINTSYMPOSIUM, FAO NATIONALWORKSHOP MANCID AND INWEPF JOINT SYMPOSIUM, FAO NATIONAL WORKSHOP & THE 8TH INWEPF STEERING MEETING, PENANG, MALAYSIA 2011

26 Field Visit TO Paddy Museum, Kedah State, Malaysia AND MUDA IRRIGATION SCHEME November 2011

27 EVALUATION AND MONETARY ASSESSMENT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS 1. INWEPF promotes the Evaluation and Monetary assessment of various roles and functions of paddy field and steps towards the enhancement those values 2. The best way to quantify intangible values is to equate them to dollars and cents. Through such assessment, it would be easier for parties to appreciate the values 3. During WWF 5, INWEPF published a preliminary monetary assessment of 3 functions for its member countries. 4. The three functions are flood prevention, ground water recharge and inhibiting soil erosion. 5. The values are as shown in the table. ###

28 Monetary value of Flood Prevention, Ground water recharge and soil erosion inhibiting of paddy fields in INWEPF Member Countries Annual Monetary Value Rice Country Area of Paddy Flood Groundwater Soil erosion production Total prevention recharge inhibiting value ha Mill. USD Mill. USD Mill. USD Mill. USD Mill. USD Japan 2,602,319 27, ,070 22,856 Bangladesh 10,780, ,725 Cambodia 2,414, China 29,116, , ,969 27,467 Egypt 700, ,654 India 43,660,000 1,293 1, ,306 20,620 Indonesia 11,800, ,352 Korea 1,084,024 1, ,210 3,654 Laos 736, Malaysia 676, Myanmar 7,008, ,244 Nepal 1,453, Pakistan 2,621, , ,547 1,776 Philippine 4,272,890, 171 1, ,738 2,766 Sri Lanka 915, Thailand 10,224,966 1, ,469 4,980 Viet Nam 7,329, ,356 Total / Average 137,394,680 32,746 9,693 1,305 43, ,247

29 MALAYSIAN PILOT STUDY: FLOOD AND SEDIMENT CONTROL IN LOW LANDLAND PADDY FIELDS 1. This study investigates the potentials of flood and sediment control in a specific study site in Malaysia. 2. The study was financed by MOA, Malaysia as an effort to address flood and sediment deposition problem in a major irrigation scheme, MUDA. 3. Through computer modeling, the behavior and response of flood water within paddy fiels located in floodplains were captured. 4. It is scientifically proven that paddy fields help to preserve natural floodplain terrain to atternuate flood. 5. Physical structures of paddy fields greatly increase the capacity for flow retention and sediment deposition. ###

30 MALAYSIAN PILOT STUDY: FLOOD AND SEDIMENT CONTROL IN LOW LANDLAND PADDY FIELDS 1. Cost replacement method was used to equate the flood control and sediment control value of paddy field to equivalent flood prevention and river desilting projects. 2. Next a national projection was provided. 3. It was found that the values of flood and sediment control were conservatively estimated to be 440 mil USD and 12 mil USD respectively. 4. This is almost as significant as the rice production value of about 472 mil USD annually. 5. The study thus successfully proved the worth of multi functionality of paddy fields. ###

31 Methodology & Sequence of Work Data Collection Hydraulic Analyses Sedimentation Analyses Field Test for Retention Capacity MICRO SCALE Field test for water sediment content 1D Hydraulic Floodplain l Modelling MACRO SCALE Sediment Transport Modelling Flood Control Capacity Sediment Control Capacity Establish Guideline for Flood and Soil Control

32 STUDY AREA Wilayah III Pendang, Kedah

33 STUDY AREA Wilayah III Pendang, Kedah Banjir Ogos 2008

34 Flood Control START DETERMINING FUNCTION VOLUME, FV FC Function Volume for Retention Capacity, FV RC Effective Paddy Field Area, A eff Function Volume for Temporary Storage, FV TS Submerged Paddy Field Area, A flood Average Storage Depth, d Average Submergence Depth, d DETERMINING UNIT COST, UC FC Unit Depreciation Cost, UC D Unit Maintenance Cost, UC M COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE, MV FC END

35 Sediment Control START LOWLAND PADDY: SEDIMENTATION APPROACH DETERMINING FUNCTION VOLUME, FV SC Sedimentation Rate during Annual Flood, A eff Average Sedimentation Depth, d HIGHLAND PADDY: EROSION CONTROL APPROACH DETERMINING FUNCTION VOLUME, FV SC Erosion Rate per area for Paddy Fields (assumed abandoned) using Universal Soil Loss Equation, A DETERMINING UNIT COST, UC SC DETERMINING UNIT COST, UC SC Unit Cost of Removing Sediment from River, UC RS Unit Cost of Removing Eroded Soil from Land, UC RS COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE, MV SC COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE, MV SC END END

36 Guideline for monetary assessment of flood and sediment control lin paddy fields 1. INWEPF is in the process of compiling the findings from case studies such as above from member countries into Guidelines 2. Through early finding of these case studies, it was found dthat t different landscape and paddy planting practices, some environmental services may differ from country to country or region to region. 3. After a series of technical discussions and review, a unified standard dprotocol lfor monetary assessment will be produced. 4. Guidelines the flood and sediment control functions had been finalized while others are in progress. ###

37 Contents of the proposed monetary assessment guidelines for Each Function 1. Concept of Function 2. Valuation Procedure and Flow Chart 3. Monetary Assessment 4. Case Study

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39 CONCLUSION 1. Paddy field and rice production ctionisis very important for food security, poverty alleviation and environment of Asian Region 2. There is a need to balance in increase of agricultural productivity with the environmental protection as the increase in productivity most of the time give effects to environment, water demand and poor farmers. 3. Paddy field and irrigation system provide various benefit, socially, economically, environmentally and culturally through its multifunctional roles and uses. 4. Evaluation and conducting monetary assessment is required to quantify the value of the functions to consider during overall project evaluation. 5. INWEPF has taken the task to promote efforts for sustainability and multi functionality of paddysystem. Providing guidelines for monetary assessment for flood control and sediment in paddy fields is one of such efforts. ###

40 Thank You...