EaCtern Oregon Ranches

Transcription

1 Effects of the 1977 Droll' fa232425a5, Co' `5)-" t& EaCtern Oregon Ranches Oregon State University Extension Service

2 Highlights Highlights of survey findings indicate that the 1977 drought affected ranches in Eastern Oregon in the following ways: 80 percent of ranchers affected 3 million AUM's forage lost 210,000 tons feed purchased 862,000 AUM's forage leased 69,000 tons reduced hay sales 89,000 AUM's salvaged from grain crops 115,000 animals sold 41 million gallons of water hauled Other affects and adjustments include reduced rate of gain of cattle, delayed breeding, herd health problems, damaged grain crops, and water development and equipment investments.

3 CONTENTS Section Page Drought Impacts 3 Forage Production 3 Grain Production 5 Rate of Gain of Cattle 5 Other Impacts 6 Adjustments to Drou ght Impacts 6 Feed and Forage Purchases 6 Hay Sales 7 Grain Crop Salvage 8 Herd Dispersion 9 Water Hauling 10 Water Development or Equipment Investment 11 Incidence of Impacts and Adjustments 12 Appendix A 13

4 Effects of the 1977 Drought on Eastern Oregon Ranches Prepared by David Holst, Extension Agricultural Economics Assistant, and Ed Schmisseur, Agricultural and Resource Economist, Rangeland Management, Oregon State University. Impacts of the 1977 drought on eastern Oregon ranches and adjustments made in response to drought conditions are summarized in this report. Impacts and adjustments are specific to ranchers with 20 or more brood cows in all of the counties east of the Cascade Mountains (except Hood River) and in Jackson County. The area includes an estimated 2,148 ranchers with 20 or more brood cows. Because of the drought's varying severity, impacts and adjustments are also identified by major regions of the drought affected area. The study area and its major re g ions are identified in Figure 1. Impacts and adjustments described in this report were obtained from a mail questionnaire sent to 1,200 of the estimated 2,148 ranchers in the study area. Random methods were used to select study participants from lists provided by county extension agents. Questionnaires were mailed in July of 1978 resulting in the return of 502 usable responses. Impacts of the 1977 drought and adjustments made were estimated for all ranchers with 20 or more brood cows by study area, region, and selected herd size categories based on the data supplied by these respondents. It is assumed that non-respondents experienced similar effects. The estimated population of ranchers and the number of respondents are illustrated by study area and region in Table 1. A further breakdown of this information is summarized by herd size in Table A-1.

5 -2- Northeast High Desert Jackson County Figure 1. Study Area and Its Major Regions.

6 -3- Table 1. Estimated Population of Ranchers and Number of Respondents Region Estimated Population number of ranchers Number of Respondents Central High Desert Jackson County North Central Northeast Study Area Total 2, Impacts and adjustments made in the study area and its regions are discussed in the next section. Detailed information by herd size and region appear in Tables A-2 through A-13. Drought Impacts Forage Production The 1977 drought reduced forage production in the study area by an estimated three million AVM's (animal unit months); see Table 2. These forage losses represented slightly over one million tons of forage or approximately the amount consumed by three million cows in one month. Decreased production represented 36 percent of the study area's normal production of forage. In other words, about 64 percent of a normal year's production of forage was available for utilization during the drought year.

7 -4- Table 2. Drought Induced Forage Production Losses Forage Sources Central Regions Study Area High Jackson North Total Desert County Central Northeast Dryland range (AUM's) 125, ,740 64, , ,523 1,455,168 Irrigated pasture 42, ,255 23,002 12,505 (AUM's) Irrigated hay (tons) 1/ 20, ,942 4,848 19,715 Dryland hay (tons) 214,435 8,936 2,183 12,863 Grain aftermath 8,440 49,885 11,100 76,227 (AUM's) 76, ,949 56, ,988 11,162 39,579 13, ,096 Total AUM's lost 249,244 1,717, , , ,676 3,014,914 2/ One ton of hay is equivalent to three AUM's. The impact on forage production was most severe in the High Desert Region where normal production was reduced by 42 percent. Forage production in the Northeast Region was least affected. About 29 percent of the region's normal forage production was lost. Reduced dryland range production accounted for 48 percent of the total forage lost in the study area. Inadequate forage growth and limited livestock water were the main reasons cited by ranchers for this decreased production. Reduced production from irrigated hay and irrigated pasture accounted for 27 and 16 percent of the total production loss. Grain aftermath and dryland hay accounted for five and four percent of the total loss.

8 The effects of the drought on forage production were widespread. Ninety percent of the ranchers utilizing dryland hay and/or range experienced production losses. Seventy-five percent of the ranchers utilizing grain aftermath and 66 percent of the ranchers with irrigated pasture and/or hay also experienced some losses. These percentages varied by region and herd size. Estimated drought impacts on selected forages and number of ranchers affected are presented by region and herd size in Tables A-2 through A-6. Grain Production Eighty-six percent of the 1,204 ranchers g rowing grain crops in the study area reported some drought damage to these crops. Sixty percent of the affected ranchers harvested these crops as grain. Thirty-five percent opted to salvage them as grain hay or by grazing. An estimated five percent did not harvest or salvage affected grain crops. The percentage of ranchers whose grain crops were affected varied from a high of 100 percent in Jackson County to a low of 76 percent in the High Desert Region. Estimated number of ranchers with drought affected grain crops and their resulting harvest strategies appear by region and herd size in Table A-7. No estimate of the reduced grain yield was obtained. Rate of Gain of Cattle Drought also caused a reduction in the rate of gain of cattle produced in the study area. About 1,450 out of the 2,148 ranchers in the study area reported a reduced rate of gain of cattle. The majority of these ranchers (76 percent) sold animals at lower than normal sellin g weights. Twenty-four percent fed cattle longer to maintain normal selling weights. A similar percent of ranchers

9 -6- in each region experienced this drought affect. No estimate of lost gains or added cost of feeding cattle longer was made. Other Impacts Miscellaneous impacts attributed to the drought included delayed breeding and herd health problems. In the study area, delayed breeding problems attributed to drought were reported by 12 percent of the ranchers. Some 15 ranchers quit the cattle business in the drought year. On the other hand, 10 ranchers said they financially benefitted from the drought. Miscellaneous impacts were not tabulated by region or herd size. Adjustments to Drought Impacts Feed and Forage Purchases Many ranchers purchased additional feeds and leased additional forage rights to replace forage lost to drought. As shown in Table 3, hay was the predominant feed purchased and irrigated pasture was the main forage leased. Hay was the predominant feed purchased in each region. Irrigated pasture was the main forage leased except in Jackson County and the North Central Region. In Jackson County, dryland range was the most prevalent forage leased, while in the North Central Region leasing of grain aftermath exceeded that of either range or irrigated pasture. Some 54 percent of the ranchers in the study area purchased additional feeds, while 24 percent leased additional grazing rights. These percentages varied by region and herd size. Estimated number of ranchers and quantities

10 Table 3. Additional Feed and Forages Purchased in Response to Drought Induced Forage Production Losses Feed or Forage Sources Feed purchased Regions High Jackson North Central Desert County Central Northeast Study Area Total Hay (tons) 23,390 81,761 10,419 24,919 43, ,146 Grain (tons) 788 8, ,410 2,677 13,599 Supplements (tons) 1,323 7, ,437 1,683 11,941 Forage leased Dryland range (AUM's) Irrigated pasture (AVM's) Grain aftermath (AUM's) 10,068 55,424 5,515 21,932 16, ,750 37, , , , , , ,152 5,380 34,982 of feeds and forages purchased and leased are detailed by region and cow herd size in Tables A-8 and A-9. Hay Sales Hay sales were also reduced to offset forage production losses. In the study area, hay sales were reduced an estimated 69,400 tons. Reduced sales by region are presented in Table 4.

11 -8- Table 4. Reduced Hay Sales in Response to Drought Induced Forage Production Losses Region Reduced Hay Sales tons Central 6,001 High Desert 26,324 Jackson County 3,230 North Central 17,163 Northeast 16,682 Study Area Total 69,400 Seventy-five percent of the 533 ranchers normally selling hay in the study area reported a reduction in hay sales. This varied from 63 percent of the 73 ranchers, normally selling hay in Jackson County to 82 percent of the 153 ranchers normally selling hay in the Northeast Region. Estimated drought impacts on ranchers producing and selling hay are illustrated by region and herd size in Table A-10. Grain Crop Salvage In some cases, drought damaged grain crops were hayed and/or grazed to replace forage lost due to drought. In the study area, an estimated 18,200 tons of grain hay and 33,940 AVM's of grazing were obtained from drought damaged grain crops. Quantities of grain hay and grazing salvaged by region appear in Table 5.

12 - 9 - Table 5. Salvaged Hay and Grazing from Drought Damaged Grain Crops Tons Region Grain Hay AUM's Grazed Central 4,178 2,748 High Desert 9,132 25,939 Jackson County 0 0 North Central 2,831 4,771 Northeast 2, Study Area Total 18,200 33,940 It is estimated that 18 percent of the 1,034 ranchers in the study area with drought affected grain crops made grain hay out of these crops. Another 19 percent grazed standing grain crops. These affects varied by region. In the High Desert and Central Regions, about 75 percent of the ranchers salvaged drought affected grain crops. In Jackson County, grain crops were either harvested as grain or not harvested at all. Estimated numbers of ranchers harvesting drought affected grain crops as grain, grain hay, and grazing are reported by region and herd size in Table A-7. Herd Dispersion Many ranchers in the study area sold cattle because of the drou g ht. Additional animals sold because of drought appear by region in Table 6. Sale of brood cows was the predominant method of herd dispersion. In Jackson County

13 -1 0- Table 6. Additional Animals Sold in Response to the Drought Type of Animal Regions High Jackson North Central Desert County Central Northeast Study Area Total Cows 6,884 22,640 1,682 8,277 14,933 54,416 Replacement heifers 1,660 10, ,449 3,729 19,080 Weaners or stockers 2,474 25,443 3,821 3,641 6,198 41,577 and the High Desert Region, however, the sale of weaners and stockers surpassed the number of brood cows sold. A majority of the ranchers cited limited forage and livestock water as the main reasons for herd dispersion. An estimated 1,003 ranchers, or 47 percent of the ranchers in the study area, sold additional cattle because of the drought. The percentage of ranchers selling additional animals ranged from 53 percent in the North Central and High Desert Regions to 35 percent in Jackson County. Estimated number of ranchers selling additional animals and number sold are illustrated by region and herd size in Table A-11. Water Hauling Some 41.2 million gallons of water were hauled in the study area because drought limited livestock water supplies. Water was hauled some 469,630 miles and required an additional 77,481 hours of labor. Total gallons, miles, and labor hours associated with water hauling are shown by region in Table 7.

14 Table 7. Gallons of Water, Miles, and Labor Hours Required to Supply Livestock Water Because of Drought Gallons Region (million) Miles Labor Hours Central ,068 14,067 High Desert ,515 33,593 Jackson County ,577 2,165 North Central ,977 11,278 Northeast ,493 16,378 Study Area Total ,630 77,481 An estimated 19 percent of the ranchers in the study area hauled water to livestock because of drought. This percentage varied from a high of 31 percent in the Central Region to a low of 8 percent in Jackson County. Estimated number of ranchers hauling water because of drought are reported by region and herd size in Table A-12. Ranchers in the study area averaged about nine trips per week over an eight-week period. About 1,500 gallons of water were hauled per trip. A roundtrip averaged about 17 miles and required about three hours of labor. The number of ranchers hauling water and various water hauling statistics appear by region and herd size in Table A-13. Water Development or Equipment Investments Numerous ranchers invested in water hauling equipment or water development projects to provide water to livestock during the drought. Some 42 percent

15 -12- of the ranchers in the study area and a similar percent of ranchers in each region made these investments. Most investments were for spring or pond development, additional storage facilities, additional pipelines, and wells. No estimate of the number or size of these investments was obtained. Incidence of Impacts and Adjustments The 1977 drought adversely affected forage and grain production, rate of gain of cattle, and herd health and breeding problems of at least 80 percent of the ranchers in the study area. The incidence of occurrence of these affects varied by region. The North Central and High Desert Regions appeared to have the largest percentage of ranchers reporting one or more drought affects, while Jackson County appeared to have the smallest percentage. The High Desert Region experienced the greatest reduction in forage production. At least 55 percent of the ranchers in the study area reported making one or more adjustments in their operation because of drought. Adjustments included feed and forage purchases, reduced hay sales, grain crop salvage, herd dispersion, water hauling, and water development or equipment investment. The High Desert Region appeared to have the largest percentage of ranchers making adjustments. Jackson County appeared to have the smallest percentage of ranchers adjusting to drought.

16 -13- APPENDIX Drou g ht Impacts and Adjustments Made by Herd Size and Region Tables A-1 through A-13

17 -14- Table A-1. Estimated Population of Ranchers and Number of Survey Respondents by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total ventral number of ranchers number of respondents Nigh Desert number of ranchers number of respondents Jackson County number of ranchers number of respondents North Central number of ranchers number of respondents Northeast number of ranchers number of respondents Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 number of respondents

18 -15- Table A-2. Estimated Drought Impact on Dryland Range by Region and Cow Herd Size Region Cow Herd Size 1,000 & above Total or Average Central number of ranchers ranchers with rangeland ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 8,479 10,467 45,895 28,059 32, ,086 _ Hiah Desert number of ranchers ranchers with rangeland ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 7,782 20, , , , ,740 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers with rangeland N/A N/A 144 ranchers affected N/A N/A 121 production realized (% of normal) N/A N/A 49.0 AUM's lost 15,483 3,913 45,189 N/A N/A 64,585 North Central number of ranchers ranchers with rangeland ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 27,198 45,549 83,837 15,498 32, ,234 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers with rangeland ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 8,054 51,093 83,324 73,195 38, ,523 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers with rangeland ,890 ranchers affected ,693 production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 66, , , , ,472 1,455,168

19 -16- Table A-3. Estimated Drought Impact on Irrigated Pasture by Region and Cow Herd Size Region Cow Herd Size 1,000 & above Total or Average Central number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated pasture ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 3,231 4,052 11,285 7,490 16,337 42,395 High Desert number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated pasture ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 3,233 3,626 54,863 61, , ,255 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated pasture N/A N/A 172 ranchers affected N/A N/A 101 production realized (% of normal) N/A N/A 82.8 AUM's lost 9, ,378 N/A N/A 23,002 North Central number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated pasture ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 3,788 1,388 1, ,935 12,505 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated pasture ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 9,770 12,342 38,248 7,861 8,571 76,792 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers with irrigated pasture ,390 ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 29,211 21, ,168 76, , ,949

20 -17- Table A-4. Estimated Drought Impacts on Irrigated Hay by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated hay ranchers affected p roduction realized (% of normal) tons lost 2,844 2,645 4,198 5,319 5,000 20,006 High Desert number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated hay ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) tons lost 1,744 6,910 36,758 39,476 85, ,942 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated hay N/A N/A 105 ranchers affected N/A N/A 69 production realized (% of normal) N/A N/A 74.4 tons lost 2, ,760 N/A N/A 4,848 North Central number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated hay ranchers affected N/A p roduction realized (% of normal) N/A tons lost 6,572 2,561 7,328 N/A 3,254 19,715 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers with irrigated hay ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) ' 78.3 tons lost 4,125 9,762 27,246 12,815 2,529 56,477 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers with irrigated hay ,400 ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) tons lost 17,573 22,678 77,290 57,610 95, ,988

21 -18- Table A-5. Estimated Drought Impacts on Dryland Hay by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers with dryland hay ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) tons lost , ,435 High Desert number of ranchers ' ranchers with dryland hay ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) tons lost ,613 1,947 4,162 8,936 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers with dryland hay N/A N/A 25 ranchers affected N/A N/A 25 production realized (% of normal) N/A N/A 48.5 tons lost 169 1, N/A N/A 2,183 North Central number of ranchers ranchers with dryland hay ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) tons lost 6, , ,421 12,863 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers with dryland hay ranchers affected N/A 165 production realized (% of normal) N/A 53.1 tons lost 3,349 1,385 5, N/A 11,162 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers with dryland hay ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) tons lost 11,482 4,502 13,211 3,601 6,783 39,579

22 -19- Table A-6. Estimated Drought Impacts on Grain Aftermath by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers with grain aftermath ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 1,332 1,038 5, N/A 8,440 Hiah Desert number of ranchers ranchers with grain aftermath ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 1,319 2,787 6,542 7,781 31,456 49,885 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers with grain aftermath N/A N/A 9 ranchers affected N/A 4 5 N/A N/A 9 production realized (% of normal) N/A N/A N/A 30.5 AUM's lost N/A 100 1,000 N/A N/A 1,100 North Central number of ranchers ranchers with grain aftermath ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 15,531 8,926 38,408 1,362 12,000 76,227 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers with grain aftermath ranchers affected N/A 177 production realized (% of normal) N/A AUM's lost 1, ,582 3,191 N/A 13,444 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers with grain aftermath ranchers affected production realized (% of normal) AUM's lost 19,260 13,444 60,002 12,934 43, ,096

23 -20- Table A-7. Estimated Number of Ranchers Harvesting Drought Affected Grain Crons as Grain, Grain Hay and Grazing Region Cow Herd Size 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers with grain cro p s ranchers not affected ranchers affected and: did not harvest harvested as grain a/ harvested as g rain hay tons hay 347 1,182 1, ,178 i harvested as grazing 2/ AUM's grazed 1, N/A 2,748 High Desert number of ranchers ranchers with grain cro ps ranchers not affected ranchers affected and: did not harvest harvested as grain harvested as grain hay 2/ tons hay ,094 1,614 4, , 1 12 a/ harvested as grazing ,000 AUM's grazed ,098 19,206 25,939 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers with grain crops N/A N/A 30 ranchers not affected N/A N/A 0 ranchers affected and: did not harvest N/A N/A 5 harvested as g rain N/A N/A 25 a/ harvested as g rain hay N/A N/A 0 tons, hay N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A harvested as grazing 2/ N/A N/A 0 AUM's grazed N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A North Central number of ranchers ranchers with grain croos ranchers not affected ranchers affected and: did not harvest harvested as grain a/ harvested as grain hay tons hay 1, ,227 N/A N/A 2, 831 a/ harvested as grazing AUM's grazed 1,357 1,120 2,294 N/A N/A 4,771 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers with grain crops ranchers not affected ranchers affected and: did not harvest harvested as grain harvested as grain hay 2/ tons hay N/A 1, N/A N/A 2,059 harvested as grazing Ai AUM's grazed N/A N/A 482 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers with grain crops ,204 ranchers not affected ranchers affected and: did not harvest harvested as grain harvested as grain hay 2/ tons hay 2,090 3,307 6,167 2,414 4,222 18,200 harvested as grazing.1./ AUM's grazed 3,130 1,547 5,747 4,310 19,206 33,940 Al Includes some ranchers who harvested affected grain crops as both grain hav and grazing.

24 -21- Table A-8. Estimated Additional Feeds Purchased by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers purchasing additional feeds tons purchased: hay 999 2,396 8,325 7,337 4,333 23,390 grain protein supplements ,323 High Desert number of ranchers ranchers purchasing additional feeds tons purchased: hay 1,852 2,721 25,319 13,802 38,067 81,761 grain ,507 2,258 4,692 8,646 protein supplements , ,248 7,168 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers purchasin g additional feeds N/A N/A 92 tons purchased: hay 3,297 2,172 4,950 N/A N/A 10,419 grain N/A N/A 78 p rotein supplements N/A N/A 330 North Central number of ranchers ranchers purchasing additional feeds tons purchased: hay 4,498 4,330 8,768 3,165 4,158 24,919 grain , ,410 protein supplements ,437 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers purchasing additional feeds tons purchased: hay 5,846 9,621 19,734 8, ,657 grain , ,677 protein supplements ,683 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers purchasing additional feeds ,169 tons purchased: hay 16,492 21,240 67,096 32,460 46, ,146 grain 720 1,229 4,280 2,678 4,692 13,599 protein supplements 1, ,198 1,873 4,734 11,941

25 -22- Table A-9. Estimated Additional Forage Leased by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers leasing additional forage AUM's leased: rangeland ,128 5,120 10,068 pasture 2,592 7,195 10,486 9,057 8,400 37,730 grain aftermath High Desert number of ranchers ranchers leasing additional forage AUM's leased: rangeland 1,688 2,112 11,121 3,080 37,423 55,424 pasture ,471 36,408 32, ,383 grain aftermath 1, ,950 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers leasin g additional forage N/A N/A 35 AUM's leased: rangeland 315 1,700 3,500 N/A N/A 5,515 pasture N/A N/A 659 grain aftermath N/A N/A 0 North Central number of ranchers ranchers leasing additional forage AUM's leased: ran geland 1,607 9,802 6, ,206 21,932 pasture 1,674 5,063 3,163 10, ,070 grain aftermath 2,404 1,311 9, ,320 26,152 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers leasing additional forage AUM's leased: rangeland 671 4,731 5,889 5, ,811 pasture 5, , , ,607 grain aftermath 0 3,216 2, ,380 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers leasing additional forage AUM's leased: rangeland 4,339 19,107 26,620 12,935 46, ,750 pasture 10,625 13, ,887 56, , ,449 grain aftermath 3,617 5,366 12, ,820 34,982

26 -23- Table A-10. Estimated Drought Impact on Ranchers Producing and Selling Hay by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers: p roducing hay producing and selling hay with decreased hay sales N/A 44 decreased sales (tons) 2, ,250 N/A 6,001 High Desert number of ranchers ranchers: producing hay producing and selling hay with decreased hay sales decreased sales (tons) 1,921 1,746 5,222 9,935 7,500 26,324 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers: producing hay N/A N/A 130 producing and selling hay N/A N/A 73 with decreased hay sales N/A N/A 46 decreased sales (tons) ,362 N/A N/A 3,230 North Central number of ranchers ranchers: producing hay producing and selling hay with decreased hay sales decreased sales (tons) 11,108 1,402 3, ,252 17,163 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers: producing hay producing and selling hay with decreased hay sales decreased sales (tons) 2,271 6,012 5,399 N/A 3,000 16,682 Study Area Total: number of ranchers ,148 ranchers: producing hay ,843 producing and selling hay with decreased hay sales decreased sales (tons) 18,992 10,295 17,151 11,210 11,752 69,400

27 -24- Table A-11. Estimated Additional Animals Sold by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region 1,000 & above Total Central number of ranchers ranchers selling additional animals numbers sold: cows 600 1,461 3, ,884 replacement heifers ,660 weaners or stockers ,474 High Desert number of ranchers ranchers selling additional animals numbers sold: cows ,739 4,707 10,565 22,640 replacement heifers ,471 3,376 5,376 10,526 weaners or stockers ,632 5,474 15,587 25,443 Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers selling additional animals N/A N/A 64 numbers sold: cows N/A N/A 1,682 replacement heifers N/A N/A 716 weaners or stockers ,719 N/A N/A 3,821 North Central number of ranchers ranchers selling additional animals numbers sold: cows 3,761 2,047 1, ,277 replacement heifers 1, ,449 weaners or stockers 1, , ,641 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers selling additional animals numbers sold: cows 1,118 1,946 5,513 5, ,933 replacement heifers ,609 1, ,729 weaners or stockers ,627 1, ,198 Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers selling additional animals ,003 numbers sold: cows 6,644 6,622 17,173 11,700 12,277 54,416 replacement heifers 2, ,267 5,311 5,969 19,080 weaners or stockers 2,597 3,007 12,525 7,861 15,587 41,577

28 -25- Table A-12. Estimated Drought Im p acts on Water Hauling by Region and Cow Herd Size Cow Herd Size Region Central 1,000 & above Total number of ranchers ranchers: normally hauling water hauling additional not normally hauling but having to High Desert number of ranchers ranchers: normally hauling water hauling additional 0 N/A 2 7 not normally hauling but having to Jackson County number of ranchers ranchers: normally hauling water N/A hauling additional 0 N/A N/A N/A not normally hauling but N/A having to N/A 15 N/A 0 N/A 15 North Central number of ranchers ranchers: normally hauling water hauling additional not normally hauling but having to N/A Northeast number of ranchers ranchers: normally hauling water hauling additional 5 N/A 2 1 not normally hauling but having to N/A Study Area Total number of ranchers ranchers: normally hauling water hauling additional not normally hauling but having to 84 2,

29 Table A-13. estimated Water Hauling Statistics by Region and Cow Herd Size Region Cow Herd Size ,000 & above Central number of ranchers 69 ranchers hauling water due to drought 8 average number of: trips per week 12.1 Hi gh Desert Jackson County weeks 9.7 miles per trip 20.5 hours per trip 2.7 gallons per trip 658 number of ranchers 82 ranchers hauling water due to drought 4 average number of: trips per week 7.0 weeks 12.0 miles per trip 4.0 hours per trio 1.8 gallons per trip 772 number of ranchers 128 ranchers hauling water due to drought 15 average number of: trips per week 11.1 weeks 6.3 miles per trio 27.2 hours per trio 2.1 g allons per trip ,766 1, ,205 2,062 3, N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A , , North Central number of ranchers ranchers hauling water due to drought average number of: trips per week weeks miles per trip hours per trip gallons per trip 1, , ,488 1,355 Northeast number of ranchers ranchers hauling water due to drought average number of: trips p er week weeks miles Per trio hours per trip gallons per trip , Study Area Total number of ranchers ,148 ranchers hauling water due to drought average number of: trips per week weeks miles per trip hours per trip gallons per trip ,207 1,568 3,035 1,459

30 OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION PI SERVICE Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Henry A. Wadsworth, director. This publication was produced end distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties. Extension invites participation in its programs and offers them equally to all people, without discrimination.