FOCUS Groundwater - Introduction (Part I)

Transcription

1 - Introduction (Part I) Scenarios Workgroup (1,2) Recommend appropriate leaching models Define standard scenarios Develop comparable input parameterisation Define a method of processing the model output Provide general guidance on substance parameters (1) FOCUS (2000) FOCUS groundwater scenarios in the EU review of active substances Report of the Scenarios Workgroup, EC Document Reference SANCO/321/2000 rev. 2, 202pp. (2) FOCUS (2002) Generic guidance for FOCUS groundwater scenarios. Version 1.1.

2 - Soil and climate scenarios Principal criteria for the scenario selection The number of locations should not exceed 10. The combinations of crop, soil, climate, and agronomic conditions should be realistic. The scenarios should describe an overall vulnerability approximating the 90 th percentile of all possible situations The vulnerability should be split evenly between soil properties and weather.

3 Vulnerability Soil organic matter High Low Soil texture Fine Coarse Annual average temperature High Low Annual average rain fall Low High Increasing vulnerability The locations should: represent major agricultural regions (as much as possible). span the range of temperature and rainfall occurring in EU arable agriculture. be distributed across the EU with no more than one scenario per Member State. Data reviewed: Precipitation, groundwater recharge, temperature, land use 6

4 Scenario inputs: - Weather data - Daily min. and max. temperature - Daily rainfall - Soil properties - Solar radiation - Texture - Organic matter - Crop information - Rooting depth - Leaf area index 9 Locations Soil Climate Crop Jokioinen Hamburg Okehampton Chateaudun Kremsmuenster Piacenza Porto Sevilla Thiva 8

5 FOCUS (2000) Climate data of the 9 FOCUS groundwater scenarios Location Châteaudun Location Code C Mean annual temperature ( C) 11.3 Annual rainfall (mm) I Hamburg H Jokioinen J Kremsmünster K Okehampton N Piacenza P I Porto O Sevilla S I Thiva T I I = irrigation

6 Model requirements Soil properties of the 9 FOCUS groundwater scenarios Location Châteaudun Hamburg Jokioinen Kremsmünster Okehampton Piacenza Porto Sevilla Thiva Code C H J K N P O S T Topsoil 1 organic matter (%) Topsoil 1 texture (USDA) Silty clay loam Sandy loam Loamy sand Loam / silt loam Loam Loam Loam Silt loam Loam Topsoil 1 ph plough layer 2 Measured in H 2 O, KCl or CaCl 2

7 Soil profile: organic matter FOCUS (2000) Distribution of the 9 FOCUS groundwater scenarios

8 - Crops FOCUS groundwater crop scenarios ( ) 5 crops which can be grown accross the whole EU ( ) and a further 20 ( ) particular to specific part of the EU FOCUS (2000)

9 Crop information Crop management - Sowing date or planting date - Harvest date Growth stage - Emergence date - Date of maximum leave development - Date of maximum root development This information is needed to finally simulate Evaporation from soil Transpiration by plants

10 Crop interception values according to FOCUS groundwater GAP-Info: Twofold application in maize at BBCH st appl.: 75% of the dose rate reaches the soil surface 2 nd appl.: 50% of the dose rate reaches the soil surface FOCUS (2000) Crop growth stages (BBCH codes) for Maize

11 Crop growth stages (BBCH codes) for Maize - Introduction (Part II)

12 Generic tiered assessment scheme for leaching Tier 1 * 1) standard scenarios with lab or field degradation data Tier 2 * 2a) Modeling with refined parameters 2b) Modeling with refined scenarios Tier 3 * 3a) Combined modeling refined parameters & scenarios 3b) Advanced spatial Modeling 3c) Higher tier leaching experiments set into context by modeling 3d) Other modeling approaches Tier 4 * * Mitigation possible 4) groundwater monitoring Recommended Models: MACRO (Macropore flow) PEARL (Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales) PELMO (Pesticide Leaching Model) PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model)

13 Simulation period 20 years for yearly applications 40 years for applications every 2 years 60 years for applications every 3 years + additional 6 years model warm-up (to set soil moisture and guarantee that residues are distributed in the soil profile) Simulation depth 1m Model output Daily mass balances Daily amounts of substance and water in each compartment of the soil (sorbed, liquid phase, gas phase.) Daily concentrations Regulatory endpoint PEC gw < 0.1µg/L Post-processing of the model output according to FOCUS is implemented in the model shells FOCUS summary of the model output Calculation of 20 annual average concentrations Target value The 80 th percentile of the annual average concentrations within the simulation period (20 years). This corresponds to the 17 th value of 20 annual average concentrations (the fourth highest of 20 values)