Path for Green revolution to evergreen revolution

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1 Path for Green revolution to evergreen revolution Prof. Pranab Chattopadhyay,Prof. M Pramanick,Prof S Acharya, Dr S Bhattacharya,Dr B K Senapati, A Sarkar,S K Ghosh and S K Gayen. BCKV, Ag Dept, WB and Seed Organization.

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3 Changing scenario of rice area production and productivity in W.B after Green revolution Year Autumn rice Winter rice Summer rice Total rice A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A= area in m ha, P= production in m t and Y= productivity in kg/ha

4 Year Production (million tones) Procurement Wheat Rice Total Wheat + Rice As ratio of productio n (%) Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GoI

5 The State shares 2.7% land of the country with about 7.6 % of its total population. Cropping intensity of 181% ( ). Forest coverage is around lakh ha. Current fallows was estimated to be around 3.19 lakh ha. Around 54 lakh hectares lands (63% of total geographical area of West Bengal) are under cultivation. About lakh ha of land is not available for cultivation which include around 28, 000 ha barren lands also. Rice had the major share occupying 56.3 lakh ha area during with a production and productivity of lakh tones and 2547 kg /ha respectively.

6 Green Revolution Doubled The Food Grain Production Within Two Decade Stigma of begging bowl state permanently shed off. Food grain production increased from 72 million tones in 1967 to 108 million tones in 1971 an increase of 50% in just 4 years! Crop area under HYV grew from 7% to22% of the total cultivated area during the 10 years of green revolution. Annual growth rate of 3.5% in food grains in 80s was the hallmark of Green Revolution. The area under irrigation rose from 22.6 million hectares in 1950 to 59 million hectares in 1990, a 161 per cent growth. Fertilizer nutrient demand increased from 0.29 million tons in to 13.9 million tons at the end of

7 Area ( 000 ha) of Total Food Grains in West Bengal Area ('000 ha)

8 Pulses area ( 000 ha) in West Bengal decreased sharply Area ('000 ha)

9 Yield gap of food grains Rice Pulses India Max India Avg India YG WB Max WB Avg WB YG India Max India Avg India YG WB Max WB Avg WB YG 5000 Wheat Oilseeds India Max India Avg India YG WB Max WB Avg WB YG India Max India Avg India YG WB Max WB Avg WB YG

10 Green Revolution and sustainability Imbalance use of fertilizer- soil health and productivity potential deteriorating. Degrading the Agro Ecosystem and Ecological Balance. Intensive Irrigation cause draw down of water table, Arsenic contamination in ground water,water logging and salinization. Increasing use of Plant Protection Chemicals-disturbance of microflora. Reduction of Genetic Diversity. Emphasis was not given on Sustainable Agriculture, Green Revolution spread only ¼ th of Arable Land. Only 32% of total population harvested the benefits of Green Revolution.

11 Balance Sheet by End of 20 th Century 22 per cent of our population undernourished (according to global hunger index, IFPRI) 78.9 percent of children in the age group of 6-35 months are anemic 40.4 percent of children under the age of three are underweight 33 percent of women in the age group of have a body mass index below normal

12 Enhanced Production and Productivity Restricted to Irrigated areas with high input.

13 More area is stress prone Comparative rice productive area in West Bengal

14 Inclusive economic growth and targeted strategies to ensure food sufficiency reduce child mortality and improve child nutrition are urgent priorities for all states in India.

15 New Strategies need to be adopted which not only enhance production but must be Sustainable and Uniformly applicable to handicapped ecologies also

16 Major technical constraints Huge Yield gap Shallow soil depth, high phosphorus fixation and terminal drought in laterite soil Salinity in Coastal belt and moderate to high acidity in Terai zone Frequent occurrence of flood/flush flood/poor drainage Unavailability and Low coverage of situation specific high yielding varieties Imbalance and low fertilizer use efficiency Inadequate and delayed supply of good quality seed Acute zinc deficiency in calcareous soil Occurrence of pest and diseases as well as post harvest losses

17 . SOLUTION (have to be achieved using less labor, water, and cultivated land): Increase productivity/production Develop management and technology suitable for handicapped ecology Decrease cost of production per unit area or earn higher from other crop than that of existing dominant crops Combat against pest and disease through management and improved technology

18 Aims: Reduction of yield gap. Sustainable use of the natural resources. Reduce the indiscriminate use of the agrochemicals. Increase the nutritional quality of the conventional food grains. The largest numbers get the benefit. Conservation of the depleting natural resources and genetic diversity of the crops.

19 Reduction of yield gap. Enhancement of Seed replacement rate Promote Seed village concept aggressively. Development of seed testing lanoratory in each sub division. Assure production and maintenance of good quality seeds of major crops in each block; even if it is be PPP mode: fine

20 Sustainable use of the natural resources. Adopt economic Irrigation Systems like-drip Irrigation system(dis), Micro Irrigation System(MIS). If necessary, take help of professionals and Private sectors SRI techniques (System of Rice Intensification) in rice. Judicious use of chemical fertilizer along with organics, Make arrangement of soil test from Farmer s cooperative Promote green mannuring Incorporation of at least one legume crop within cropping systems Promote private organization/cooperatives for setting up of pulse processing units including groundnut.

21 Promote enterprise development among the educated youth for production of microbial inoculants with PSB This University has vast expertise and established laboratory. Sustainable use of the natural resources. Applying micronutrients like Ca, S, Zn, B where ever applicable. At least one soil testing laboratory in each subdivision. Assure timely supply and quality of micronutrient by rigorous testing (involve state and University laboratories). Application of Phosphate Soluble Bacteria (PSB) into the soil, use of microbial inoculants for degrading organic matter and balanced integrated plant nutrient management system to be taken care of. Establish law and laboratory for quality control of microbial inoculants with PSB.

22 Reduce the indiscriminate use of the agrochemicals. Increase the nutritional quality of the conventional food grains Follow IPM and IWM strategy in target oriented manner. Impart training to the growers as well as consumers. Train and equip district and sub-divisional plant protection officer in this regard. Where marketing is assured, promote organic farming.

23 The largest numbers get the benefit. Develop and adopt drought, submergence, salinity tolerance varieties suitable for handicapped ecologies Promote utilization of modern genomic techniques, particularly for the main crops (rice, maize, chick pea, tomato etc), within a span of only four years, any abiotic stress tolerance gene can be introduced into the existing cultivars. Like, Swarna Sub1, Improved Samba Masuri, Heat tolerance chick pea already released and became popular. This University may play a pivotal role in this regard. Immediate steps are necessary for developing strategy for research co-ordination between state and University.

24 Conservation of the depleting natural resources and genetic diversity of the crops Develop a conservation of natural resources and genetic diversity board under the ministry of Agriculture. Promote land races where suitable and arrange for good quality seed production. Harvest the export potentiality and marketing of short grain aromatic Bengal landraces of rice

25 Strengthening the participatory agriculture Establishment of community nursery bed - to ensure high vigour seedlings for small and marginal farmers Land preparation in community approach - to ensure proper tillage and levelling of land Use of mechanical planter and harvester according to holding size of the farmer Emphasis should be given for nutrient management in field cluster level in community approach Community spraying for effective control of pest and diseases through mechanical sprayer Creation of farmer s community knowledge hub Community centre on livelihood and wage

26 Participation of women SHG in agriculture Active participation in agri-input preparation Preparation of organic manure and vermicompost for their own farm family Large scale use of women for roguing operation in seed production zone for quality seed production Involvement in value addition of farm produce Production of botanical pesticides and awareness campaigning for large scale use in their community Homestead seed production of cucurbits,amaranthus,spinach,dolichos bean

27 Farm Mechanization Adoption of suitable post harvest technology to prevent loss during storage Large scale adoption of modern farm mechanization suitable to our holding size for reduction cost of cultivation. Better and economic crop husbandry through community approach under PACS

28 Plant Breeders, Biotechnologists, Plant Physiologists and policy makers learn each other language. Address the problems of small farmers in the rainfed and marginal areas where most of the poor live The private sector is unlikely to undertake much of the research needed by small farmers because it cannot expect sufficient returns to cover costs. Establish clear policies and priorities in R&D to ensure that it can contribute effectively and safely toward poverty reduction and food security

29 IMAGINE THE SCENARIO-2050 Food Grain Production Doubbled Into 470 million tonnes. Farm Productivity Improved in Perpetuity. Moderate Unhealthy Urbanization. India Emerge as a large Food Grain Producer For The World. Judicios,Healthy and Scientific Use Of The Natutal Resources. Malnutrition and Hunger is Alliviated

30 THANK YOU

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