A mechanistic model to explore potential beef production of cattle breeds in contrasting climates

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1 A mechanistic model to explore potential beef production of cattle breeds in contrasting climates EAAP annual meeting, 25 th August 2014 Aart van der Linden *, Simon Oosting, Gerrie van de Ven, Martin van Ittersum and Imke de Boer * aart.vanderlinden@wur.nl

2 Introduction Increased demand for livestock products Sustainable intensification Production ecology

3 Introduction Crops Livestock Potential Defining factors Genotype Climate Potential Defining factors Genotype Climate Production level Limited Limiting factors Water Nutrients Production level Limited Limiting factors Water Feed quantity Feed quality Actual Reducing factors Pests Diseases P Weeds Actual Reducing factors Diseases P Stress Production Production Adapted from: Van Ittersum and Rabbinge (1997) and Van de Ven et al. (2003)

4 Research aims Develop a method to quantify potential production feed limited production for Charolais and Boran beef cattle in the Netherlands, France, and Ethiopia Charolais Boran

5 Methods: livestock model Livestock growth model based on production ecology Thermoregulation Feed intake and digestion Energy partitioning

6 Methods: livestock model Feed Weather data Housing Breed Beef

7 Methods: herd dynamics Max. age: 10 years Intercalving period: 1 year Replacement calf Age specific calving probability Beef production

8 Model simulation: potential beef production Charolais Boran Diet: 66% barley 34% hay Free grazing Stable Free grazing Stable NLD FRA ETH NLD FRA ETH NLD FRA ETH NLD FRA ETH NLD = Netherlands; FRA = France; ETH= Ethiopia

9 Results: potential beef production Breed Housing Country Potential production level Feed efficiency Beef production (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (kg beef animal 1 year 1 ) Charolais Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia Boran Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia 40 56

10 Results: potential beef production Breed Housing Country Potential production level Feed efficiency Beef production (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (kg beef animal 1 year 1 ) Charolais Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia Boran Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia 40 56

11 Results: potential beef production Breed Housing Country Potential production level Feed efficiency Beef production (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (kg beef animal 1 year 1 ) Charolais Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia Boran Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia 40 56

12 Results: potential beef production Breed Housing Country Potential production level Feed efficiency Beef production (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (kg beef animal 1 year 1 ) Charolais Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia Boran Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia 40 56

13 Model simulation: feed limited production Charolais Boran Diet: 66% grass (summer) 34% hay Free grazing Stable Free grazing Stable NLD FRA ETH NLD FRA ETH NLD FRA ETH NLD FRA ETH NLD = Netherlands; FRA = France; ETH= Ethiopia

14 Results: Feed limited production Breed Housing Country Feed efficiency Potential Feed limited (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (g beef kg 1 DM feed) Charolais Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia Boran Stable Netherlands France Ethiopia Free grazing Netherlands France Ethiopia 40 24

15 Results: yield gaps Potential Defining factors Genotype Climate Production level Limited Limiting factors Water Feed quantity Feed quality Actual Reducing factors Diseases P Stress Production

16 Results: yield gap Breed Housing Country Feed efficiency Potential Feed limited Yield gap (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (g beef kg 1 DM feed) (% potential) Charolais Stable Netherlands % France % Ethiopia % Free grazing Netherlands % France % Ethiopia % Boran Stable Netherlands % France % Ethiopia % Free grazing Netherlands % France % Ethiopia %

17 Discussion Application with more detailed data Model validation Extend concepts to chicken, pigs, and dairy cows Coupling crop and livestock production

18 Conclusions / key messages First quantitative assessment of potential and feed limited beef production Approach enables development of new, generic models for yield gap analysis in livestock Simulation of farm management options to improve livestock production

19 Thank you! More information: Contact:

20

21 References Van de Ven, G.W.J., de Ridder, N., van Keulen, H., van Ittersum, M.K., Concepts in production ecology for analysis and design of animal and plant-animal production systems. Agric. Syst. 76, , Van Ittersum, M.K., Rabbinge, R., Concepts in production ecology for analysis and quantification of agricultural input-output combinations. Field Crop. Res. 52, ,

22 Photos Slide 1: Slide 2: eating_insects_21841.asp Slide 6:

23 Internet Global Yield Gap Atlas Mapping for Sustainable Intensification project PhD project Aart van der Linden Benchmarking Animal Production Systems

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