MAFF ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS

Transcription

1

2 CONTENTS I- INTRODUCTION... 1 II- POLICY AND STRATEGY FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT... 3 III- OVERALL ACHIEVEMENTS IV- ACHIEVEMENTS BY SUB-SECTOR Achievements in Rice, Subsidiary and Industrial Crops Production Enhancement of Rubber Production Promote the Animal Health and Production Fisheries Sector Result Forestry Sector Result Support Service and Human Resource Development V- CHALLENGES VI. DIRECTION Rice, Subsidiary and Industrial Crops Production Rubber Production Animal Production and Animal Health Fisheries Sub-Sector Forestry Sub-Sector VII- CONCLUSION i

3 Annual Report of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Directions SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION MAFF ANNUAL REPORT I- INTRODUCTION Under the strong and ideal leadership of Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has accelerated the implementation of the Rectangular Strategy Phase-III and National Strategic Development Plan , which highly consider the agricultural sector as the priority sector by clearly identifying that the enhancement of agricultural productivity, diversification and commercialization, the land reform, the sustainable management of natural resources, notably forestry and fisheries resources, are the fundamental s to accelerate the economic growth and poverty reduction of the Cambodian population. In order to implement the mentioned policy and strategy, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) focuses on improving agricultural productivity, diversification and commercialization by accelerating the implementation of necessary measures, including the building and improving of infrastructures support to agricultural production, increasing of the provision of technical services to the farmers, the strengthening of the agricultural research and development capacity to increase crop yields and climate change adaptation, improving soil fertility, the strengthening the capacity of agricultural communities and the institutional capacity to promote agricultural development. The MAFF has also accelerated the promotion of livestock and aquaculture, as well as efforts to vigorously implement the rules and regulations to manage the use of natural resources, such as forests, fisheries, agricultural land, to ensure the sustainability of these resources and environment. These efforts are implemented with a focus to increase the value of agricultural products, as well as income for farmers, to promote agribusiness and increase national revenue. Rice crop production has been gradually increased with the strong support from the Royal Government of Cambodia, concerned ministries, various development partners, national and international organizations, sub-national authorities, and active participation by farmers, especially the change from subsistent to commercial oriented production. The achievement is due to application of high-yielding seeds, proper farming technology, soil & water management, extension and demonstration farm trials, and research enhancement. The selection of appropriate seeds adapted to climate change and market requirement are also major factors contributed to the above achievement. However, in September 2016, farmers have been strongly affected by the reduction in rice price (especially Sen Kro Ob rice) in the North-West of Cambodia. The MAFF has made urgent measures by requesting the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (PDAFF) working closely with the provincial authorities and concerned institutions to prevent the exclusive trade with the middlemen, and to negotiate with the Rice Millers Associations in the provinces to buy paddy rice from the farmers in a reasonable price. In response to this rice 1

4 price reduction, the RGC has implemented a special program of the government in order to stabilize the rice price and promote the local trade. This program fund was about 27 million US dollars, managed though the Rural Development Banks (RDB) to provide loan for the rice millers to buy rice paddy in the harvest s to increase rice stock, process, and export later. In addition to this, the RGC has strengthened the importation procedure of the agricultural products from the neighbouring countries and has negotiated with trading partner countries on the exportation of rice and agricultural products from Cambodia. Presently, the MAFF has been promulgating the Agriculture Extension Policy in Cambodia in order to enable farmers and communities to better receive and use knowledge, information, and agricultural technology. In addition, after the RGC issued policy on The Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export, the rice export to the international markets has been increased and the Rumdoul rice variety is considered as the best quality in the world. The changing direction from extensive to intensive farming has become a priority agenda. The expansion and improvement of supporting services including research, new technology dissemination, the distribution of seed, fertilizer and agricultural materials, and rural loan have been set up as a priority for the government in order to increase agricultural productivity and fulfil market demand in quantity, quality, safety and international standards. Presently, it is noticed that Cambodian farmers has changed the habit from production for own consumption to production for trade since there is a good market demand with high price. It can be concluded that agricultural communities are playing an important role for the positive change in Cambodian rural society, notably in terms of socio-economic development and good environment. It is also noticed that farmers have formed into agricultural communities producing organic vegetables, do the packaging, and distributed to supermarkets around Phnom Penh city. It clearly shows that our farmers have transformed from farmer into agrotrader in order to increase the value added. In this context, it is seen that many institutions including government agencies, private sector, and NGOs has provided services to farmers to increase their knowledge and know-how. Many farmers use these experiences in a very smart and creative manner, and receive many fruitful results. The rubber production is gradually increased due to the stable political and social security situation in the country, high potential for rubber cultivation and the open market economy for rubber marketing. Moreover, the participation from the private sector (Economic Land Concession) for rubber plantation and small holder rubber production also gradually increased. Household and commercial livestock production in Cambodia has been developed dramatically, both in term of animal population and the production scale and system. This development is a result of enhanced research and awareness of raising techniques, improved breeding and reproduction, increased production of animal feeds, and improved animal health care services. At the same time, the law on animal health and production enacted, on 1 st February 2016, which aims to reach an effective development of livestock and animal health. The deep fisheries reform has been actively continued. This reform helps all people, especially small-scale fishers had the opportunity to fish broadly and catch more fish than previous time. Until now, MAFF has established total 516 community fisheries for managing fisheries resources into a sustainable manner. Nowadays, MAFF has been carrying out the slogan of Communities Fisheries without illegal fishing practices with the aim of strengthening and building capacity of communities fisheries and let them having strong capability in participatory 2

5 managing and conserving fisheries for sustainability. Moreover, MAFF requested to the RGC for allowing the re-culture of Mud Fish and Chdor Fish, which was banned before. The RGC agreed this request, with several conditional manners for sustaining the eco-logical system and environment. The RGC has focused on its forestry reform program through enhancement of technical capacity to promote effective management, especially to strictly control illegal logging for the sustainable conservation and protection of forest. The MAFF noted that sub-national authorities have been participated to prevent, control and combat forest related offenses. The MAFF has participated and supported the RGC s recent establishment of a National Committee to prevent and combat illegal logging, smuggling and other offences in the northeast of Cambodia. As a reform, the MAFF issued Prakas number 609 dated on 27 th September 2016 concerning the transformation from the Provincial Department of Agriculture-PDA to the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries-PDAFF and has delegated Provincial Fisheries Administration and Provincial Forestry Administration to be under administration of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The MAFF also issued Prakas number 652 dated 27 th October 2016 regarding the transference of resources and civil servant of provincial forestry and fisheries administration to be under the management of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. II- POLICY AND STRATEGY FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Agricultural sector strategy development plan The Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan (ASDP), is considered as the main sector strategic policy for medium-term strategy and roadmap to provide guidance on how to achieve the policy goal and objectives, indication of development outcomes, expected output indicators and activities of the MAFF for a 5 years period of implementation, from 2014 to This document does reflect the RGC s policy direction stipulated in the Rectangular Strategy Phase-III and also aligns with the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP), which intend to contribute to the economic growth and poverty reduction. The Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan, was established to be implemented in order to reduce poverty, assure food security and safety through Cambodian agricultural modernization through a fasten speed and new scope approaches, in the purpose of promoting the development of agricultural economy and exportation of agricultural product, along with the natural resources conservation in a sustainable manner. Setting overall goal of the policy of MAFF for a 5 years period of implementation is to Increase agricultural growth around 5% per annum through enhancement of the agricultural productivity, diversification and commercialization and livestock and aquaculture farming with high consideration of sustainable forestry and fisheries resource management. To achieve this policy goal, MAFF have created 5 strategic programmes as below: Programme-1: Enhancement of Agricultural Productivity, Diversification and Commercialization To promote the growth of all kind of crops by 10% per year through the increase of agricultural research and extension aiming to increase crop yield, enhance the product quality, strengthening capacity of agricultural cooperatives in connection with contract farming system 3

6 and improving sustainable agricultural land management and utilization. This programme is supported by 20 sub-programs and implemented by specialized units involved. Programme-2: Promote Animal Health and Production To increase the growth rate of animals production by 3% per year based on the effectiveness of research and extension; improving capacity of animal disease and zoonosis prevention, ensuring the supply of animal and meat with sanitary and safety, and increasing potential of exportation. This programme is supported by 9 sub-programs. Programme-3: Sustainable Fisheries Resources Management To promote fisheries resource protection and conservation by increasing fisheries law enforcement, eliminating all forms of fishing offenses, increasing fisheries production through promotion of aquaculture by 15% per year, and to strengthen capacity of 100 community fisheries every year in order to ensure sustainable fisheries resources and to improve the quality and safety of fisheries products for the local consumption and exportation. This programme is supported by 11 sub-programs. Programme-4: Sustainable Forestry & Wildlife Resource Management To strengthen the sustainable management of forestry and wildlife through law enforcement, promoting reforestation, creating the protected wildlife conservation zones; and establishing 20 forestry communities per year. This programme is supported by 8 sub-programs. Programme-5: Strengthening Institutional Capacity, Enhancing Efficiency of Supporting Services and Human Resource Development To increase the effectiveness of institutional management, offering supportive services, and strengthen the capacity for agricultural education and training for the sustainable agricultural development. This programme is supported by 12 sub-programs and implemented by specialized central departments involved. To achieve all the policy goals as mentioned above, the relevant and necessary actions will have to be implemented and achieved. All technical line departments and agencies under MAFF involved in sub-sector development were requested to actively implement the activities set in this Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan Together with this, all development partners in private sector and civil society are encouraged in implementing their own skill in order to achieve the set goal. In addition, these strategies plans are multi-sector and consistency which synergize to the planning and national policy of Royal Government. Base on this strategic plan, the preparation and implementation in the system of (Programme Based Approach) are promoted and encouraged to implement inclusively human resources, national budget and financial support from development partners in order to achieve overall goal. Moreover, the form of Budget Strategic Plan (BSP) and Programme Budgeting (PB) must be also implemented. Together with this, MAFF are preparing Agricultural Strategic Development Plan for Provincial level and Master Plan of Agricultural Sector Development toward 2030 are under the preparation and it defined the vision as below: - Vision: A modern Agriculture Sector which is competitive, inclusive, resilient and sustainable to ensure food security and safety as well as nutrition for the prosperity and wellbeing of Cambodian people, 4

7 - Mission: Provide high quality services with a sound scientific, technological and legislative base for developing an efficient and sustainable Cambodian agriculture sector, - Policy Goal: Increase agricultural growth by around 5% per annum and expand agricultural exports with high quality and safety through enhancing agricultural productivity, value added and enabling competition, taking into account the sustainable use of land and ensuring sustainable fisheries and forestry resource management. 2. Main Strategic Approaches for the Agricultural Development in 2017 The importance of the agricultural sector can be seen through the policy framework and diverse development strategies such as the Rectangular Strategy Phase-III, The National Strategic Development Plan , as well as the policy paper on the promotion of paddy production and rice export which focus on developing and promoting the agricultural sector through the enhancement of the agricultural productivity, diversification and commercialization, aiming to accelerate the economic growth and poverty reduction. In addition, the Royal Government of Cambodia has issued the Cambodia Industrial Development Policy which aims to increase the export of processed agricultural products to 12% of total product exports by This really means that we must make sure that all the targets in the Cambodian agricultural development work plan can seize this opportunity, especially make Cambodia has a competitive advantage in supplying agricultural products in both local market and international market, and also reduce the imports. With these set out measures we also acknowledged that the majority of agriculture system in Cambodia are self-sufficient farming system which vulnerable to the negative impact of natural disaster phenomenon and climate change due to most of their cultivation are relied on rain-fed and the construction of irrigation system is still not sufficient. All of these are the only factor that lead to vary agricultural production every year. In the purpose to achieve the agriculture modernization, enhancing agricultural productivity, diversification, and agricultural commercialization which can contribute to solve the challenging issues of the farmers and agriculture association, the Royal Government set out some necessary Inter-Linkages Measures in effectiveness and efficiency manner of the construction and improvement of main infrastructures which related to agricultural production value chain and increase comparative advantages for markets such as Roads, Ports, and Airport, preparation of water supply, distribution of electricity, providing technical services and improvement of agricultural inputs, agricultural land management and agricultural investment, preparation of mechanisms for market competition, establishing and development of agriculture association and strengthening mechanism for institutional arrangement and facilitation. As in the past and present, the Royal Government has considered and pay more attention on the solution to provide water to farmers and set out high priority among the 4 priorities: Human Resource Development, Water, Electricity, and Road. In the last 6 years, the Royal Government had invested huge amount of money in this sector, and this development was mainly focused on the policy the promotion of paddy production and rice export. With this speedy development, some line ministries have not considered yet on effective use and optimum use of irrigation system, which most of irrigation system are still continue to use pumping machine from canal which is involved additional costs to the production of farmers. Furthermore, the construction of the irrigation system is not yet connected to field tertiary canals which can irrigate water to the rice field without pumping. In this interim period, some regions need to use water pumping, two times, and this is needed to be improved in the near future. On the other hand, most of the vegetable crops and integrated farming, the irrigating 5

8 system, drip or sprinkler, were not developed as appropriate water supply system yet. This leaded to higher cost of production of the farmers in the vegetable production and livestock farming which they cannot compete with farmers in neighboring countries. Based on the report of General Directorate of Agriculture shown that at the present, Cambodia has imported vegetable, meats and fish from neighboring countries with amount of about 345 million USD per year, among those vegetable about 200 Million USD, animals and meats about 100 Million USD and fish about 45 Million USD. Meanwhile, the Ministry has seen that agriculture development has direct interrelated and interlinked to production value chain, especially the costs of agriculture production and the competition of agricultural products in market. Even though recent years, we have seen the development of energy, electricity and their distribution system has remarkable achievement, but it s still not yet attractive to foreign investors to invest in agriculture sector to support agriculture material supply and processing of agricultural products. Through consideration on the inputs of agriculture production, Ministry has seen that farmers have been spent a lot in the agricultural production chain, especially on agriculture inputs which cost are higher than neighboring countries also the same as water usage, which cannot compete with agricultural production with other neighboring countries. In fact, in the production farmers spent huge amount on fertilizers and animal feeds which are imported from other countries. In fact, investors not dare to take risk in investment in agriculture sector in Cambodia due to high cost of electricity. Together with this, the farmers also spent a lot of money on irrigation and machinery for pumping water while farmers in neighboring countries used electric pumping motor with low electricity cost. Moreover, providing technical services and agricultural inputs improvement should be done with strong relation between some key entities which related to farmers, such as research institute, and agency for agricultural extension. The mechanism which need to be inter-linkages including policy and regulation, infrastructure and organizational structure and operational extension services. Agricultural extension strategic approaches should be: (1). Applying integrated farming approach for sustainable agriculture development, (2). Support to all type of farmers through enhancing market oriented approach and beneficiary for new technology selection and implementation to increase productivity and high income generation, (3). Cooperate with farmers and take into account on the importance of knowledge and new initiative ideas for local farmers, (4). Encouraging to provide information technology and rural telecommunication through mobile phone application for market information and technology and produce TV program and local community television, and (5). High consideration of the improved methods of agricultural extension to meet the demand and priority of the targeted farmers/producers. To ensure long term good agricultural market for farmers as well as to ensure benefit for farmers, the encouragement of farmer and producers for upgrading their product quality should be considered. The improvement of transport infrastructure is needed. The Investment arrangement of Cambodia Rice Federation for exporting agricultural products from Cambodia will be made to connect with the farmers by providing necessary assistance in supply chain. Meanwhile, the challenging issues as described above, the relevant ministries could work together to provide in medium and long term investment on infrastructure: water, road and electricity for effective use in agriculture sector in order to export agricultural products and should be done in a interrelated manner and closely link to agricultural land management policy. However, to develop this policy on agricultural land management, there should also be a full participation by relevant ministries, for discussion on identifying soil type and agriculture crops zoning, potential of natural resources such as water and forestry, protect s and land 6

9 management etc. In this circumstance, even though we don t have this policy on agricultural land management yet, but we are also able to determine the agricultural crop zoning which can be the basis for providing direction for sector development in the future such as (1) cultivation of rice crop and aquaculture for exportation should be in the regions that have constant and sufficient of water and water body and in a widen s for production such as along the lower important streams, especially in the basin around Great lake and Mekong River: Pursat, Battambang, Bunteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, Kampong Thom, and Takeo province, (2) cultivation of agro-industrial crops and livestock for exportation should be in upland s around Great Lake and Mekong River, (3) integrated farming, such as vegetable production and family scale livestock should be defined in the s where have no natural water body and should be done in some targeted provinces such as Kampot, Takeo, Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, Kandal, Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri, Tboung Khmum and Kampong Cham. On the other hand, in order to increase income of the farmers, in parallel to the economic growth of Cambodia which is constantly increased around 7% per year, to reduce the oversea migration of farmers who lack of agriculture means to production, especially the farmers who have small cultivated land, the ministry has seen that the development of integrated farming is the only solution that need to be carried out in the short and medium term development. In this context, the Royal Government especially Ministry of Economic and Finance will consider and provide intervention to increase budget for Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in order to fully implementing the policy reform on agriculture sector which are focused on some key activities as following: 1. Preparation of infrastructure by providing modern technology for irrigating subsidiary crops, horticulture, vegetable, livestock in the community/agriculture cooperative which had been established by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and especially in the s of rural poor farmers with small cultivated land. 2. Coordinating with relevant ministries in constructing the tertiary canals and connect to community/ agriculture cooperative production s in order to make fully use of water on irrigation system which Royal Government had invested huge amount of money and also to use for diversifying crop production and development of aquaculture production with successful and effective manner. 3. Enhancing agricultural research and extension to increase crop productivity and production, improve quality products and strengthening community capability and implementing the contract farming, as well as increase land use and land management with sustainable and effective way. 4. Promote livestock production effectively and efficiently through effectiveness of research and extension and expansion of animal raising, breeding and distributing with reasonable market price, increase capacity on animal disease prevention to ensure animal and meat supply chain with sanitary and safety and increase export potential. 5. Promote aquaculture development throughout the s with sufficient natural water body and increase protection and conservation of fisheries resources to ensure sustainable fisheries resources as well as improve quality and safety fisheries products for domestic consumption and exportation. 6. Promote forest planting and reforestation as well as expansion and strengthening sustainable community forestry. 7. Conduct possible study for organizational structure reform of ministry in order to increase effectiveness and efficiency of institutional management and providing 7

10 effective support services as well as strengthening education and training for sustainable agriculture development. The MAFF highly evaluated the achievements in 2016, which resulted from joint collective effort between concerned ministries and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This achievement also derived from the endeavor of all leaders of the Royal Government and farmers with the supporting and participation of relevant ministries, local authorities, Development Partners, Private Sectors and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). In this connection, The MAFF would like to express deep sincere thanks and highly appreciation to the Royal Government of Cambodia, especially, Ministry of Economic and Finance and all relevant partners which had been supported and the MAFF highly valued their contribution in order to upgrading and development of agriculture sector. 3. Action Plan for implementation of Cambodia Industrial Development Policy The Royal Government of Cambodia have officially announced to implement Cambodia Industrial Development Policy at the first week of June 2015 in order to enhance Cambodia industrial development which contribute to maintaining sustainable and inclusive economic growth through the economic diversification, developing competition and promoting productivities. The Cambodia industrial development policy not only have well defined about the lead institutions and responsible institutions, but also well-defined policy measures and some important action plans which involve to agro-industrial products such as : (1) to explore possibilities of establishing agro-processing zones and to provide incentives to companies to locate in these s. (2) to create a development and promotion fund for export led product development, using agro-processing technology. (3) to develop a coordination mechanism for processed agricultural product exports by way of addressing logistic issues, abolishing informal fees and improving trade facilitation. (4) to identify priority products with potentials to be processed for export and prepare a comprehensive action plan based on value chain in order to enable the Royal Government to provide concrete support to these sectors. The key points taken into account in promotion of agro-industrial development, in order to respond to the launched policy, is the orientation of development of agro-processing zones, manufacturing of rubber processing zone, food-processing (vegetable, animal and fishery products) zone, and development of agro-industrial park with the aim of collecting agricultural products which are potential for domestic consumption and exportation. The key mechanisms focusing on promotion of agro-industrial development are the facilitation, encouraging the private sector in development of agro-processing technology to the ASEAN and international standard. The connection between producer and buyer groups through the mechanism of Contract Farming System to ensure sustainable agricultural supply which is also one of the important strategies. In response to this, the MAFF prepared activities plan in order to promote the implementation of Cambodia industrial development policy which focused on 4 strategic approaches: (1) Promoting the attraction of investment in agricultural sector which related to the classification of agricultural potential zones and establishing agro-processing zone, (2) Developing and modernizing agricultural SMEs in the aim of strengthening agricultural community s capacity, promoting the implementation of appropriated technology and implementation of agricultural production contract, (3) Improving the regulatory environment which related to the formulation of laws and regulations under the laws, (4) Policy facilitation based on reviewing the facilitating 8

11 mechanism, especially the mechanism of one window service, negotiation of sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) with importing countries in order to facilitate the exportation...etc. The MAFF will pay more attention on strengthening and modernizing agricultural SMEs, also enhancing agricultural community s capacity to be skillful by promoting the implementation of appropriated technology and implementation of agricultural production contract. And to promote the contribution of private sector investment in all agricultural value chain in order to connect the small farmer to the market by hierarchy Public Private & Producers Partnership in Agriculture, Agri-PPP). In addition, the MAFF will keep enhancing sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) measures by taking into account on regulation framework and technology, also developing and strengthening sanitary and phyto-sanitary inspection at the crossing-border in order to facilitate the agricultural trade. 4. The main measures adapt to climate change Climate change will pose a major challenge to agricultural production in Cambodia. Responding to the context of the World Food Day, aiming to promote agricultural diversification, livestock, and aquaculture, inline with the Rectangular Strategy Phase III, the MAFF has focused on some key points: 1. Increasing awareness of risk and risk management in the field of agriculture, caused by climate change and theses are the basic for planning to reduce disasters risk, and adapt to the climate change situation through strengthening institutional and technical farming capacities, and increasing coordination mechanisms for managing risks posed by climate change in the agricultural sector with the participation of all stakeholders, especially the sub-national authorities and local communities. 2. Promote and encourage farmers to take a new technology innovation and technically used the appropriate inputs and to increase human resource development capabilities for providing appropriate technical service responded to climate change adaptation, as well as encourage the farmers to use Climate Smart Agriculture. 3. Current weather is hardly to predict than in the past, which makes it difficult to choose the kind of crops and crop varieties and planting time. Moreover, farmers have faced with a new change, e.g. shifting from production to supply own consumption to commercial farming, with market completion, therefore they will need to increase the technical capacity in production to response to climate change, they will join as producer s groups for large supplies, they will have enough skill in managing the cooperatives and other skills to make competition in the market system. 4. Strengthen preparedness to respond effectively by strengthening systems to foresee to respond and adapt to climate change, continue the good cooperation with concerned institutions and local authorities to assist farmers in connection to technical agricultural production contributing to solve the problems that farmers faced effectively in the context of climate change. 5. Educate people to turn away from the displacement and cutting forest encroachment into promoting and increasing agricultural productivity through agricultural intensification and diversification of crops and livestock, agro-forestry and change mindset to join the forest resources management and conservation. Meanwhile, we also should learn about the risks caused by the heavy rain of the last period, and find water harvesting measures, which would be caused by drought at the end of the rainy season. 9

12 SECTION 2 ACHIEVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, DIVERSIFICATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION III- OVERALL ACHIEVEMENTS In 2016, the climate situation changed as the hot weather started during April to early May, and the monsoon rainfall started in early wet season afterward. However, drought had made difficulties to the crop production during August and early September, and lastly flood took place during October. This kind of weather condition negatively affected crops production and the cultivated s slightly declined. To solve these problems, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries has made intervention by using all means and agricultural inputs such as rice seeds, vegetable seeds, animal breed, veterinary medicines, vaccines, and other necessary means to intervene and to undertake various concerted efforts to boost harvesting of wet season rice, guided farmers to apply the post-harvest techniques including quality improvement. The MAFF conducted assessment on the yield and production and regular monitored the dry season rice production, boosted cropping and planting at the s where sufficient irrigation, collaborated with provincial department of water resources and meteorology and local authorities to coordinate and deliver the use of water to irrigate and intervene in actual situation. In addition, MAFF promoted and disseminated extension techniques to farmers, proper use of agricultural inputs, promoted the use of good and high quality seed, and used drum seedling to reduce seed quantity and cost of production. Moreover, the issue of low productivities of agricultural production, especially rice production, is the main concern which has to be solve and this will be resulted to reduce the cost of production. The MAFF undertook various concerted efforts to boost crop productivity through intensification by using improved crop production techniques and mechanization. At the meantime, the MAFF has strengthened cooperation with development partners under the framework of the implementation of the agricultural sector strategic development plan in order to promote agricultural productivity, ensure food security and safety, and increased exports of agricultural products, as well as ensuring the management of forest and fisheries resources in a sustainable manner. The agricultural investment has also seen an increase from both domestic and external investors. 1. Contribution of Agricultural Sector in National Economy The contribution of agriculture sector to the GDP is about 26.3% (Current Price) of GDP in 2016, while that of the industry and service sector are approximately 31.3% and 42.4%, respectively. The variation in the share of the contribution of the agricultural sector is due to the growth of the other two major economic sectors (industry & construction and services), and it is noted that the contribution of the agricultural sector between declined from 35.6% to 26.3%, due to the faster growth of the industrial and construction sector and service sector. 10

13 Source: Estimation by MoP 2016 Moreover, considering the Agricultural Gross Value Added-GVA (Current price), it has been yearly increased. The total GVA has increased from 10,406 Million Riels to 17,994 Million Riels ( ), and continuing increased from 18,999 Million Riels to 20,100 Million Riels ( ). (0,000 Riel) 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 10,406 Gross Value Added for Agriculture, (Current Price) 13,745 14,420 15,938 17,994 18,999 19,376 19,470 19,516 20,101 5, The contribution of agriculture sub-sector to the GDP is crop production (14.6%), livestock (2.8%), fisheries (5.7%), and forestry (1.7%) in this It was remarkable that crop production and fisheries were seen as the leaded sub-sectors which are largely contributing in the total GDP. Livestock was another important power to supply domestic demand and export and it will also be boosted to further development. 11

14 2. Growth of Agriculture Sector The growth of agriculture sector was in 4%-5% within It was declined 4.3% from ; 1.98% from ; and continuing dropped down 0.48% in 2014, and 0.24% in With favoured climate situation, it has made increasing from 0.24% in 2015 to around 3% in this Agricultural Growth (%) Data Source: MoP Composition of Agriculture Sub-Sector Generally, it was observed that the contribution of all kinds of crops production was 62.39% of the total GDP of agriculture in 2016, and followed by fisheries 24.26%; livestock 11.96%; and forestry 7.19%. Data Source: MoP Labour Force in Agriculture In the framework of Cambodia economy, labour forces are divided into three main categories (1) Labour in Agriculture Sector; (2) Labour in Industrial Sector; and (3) Labour in Service Sector. It is observed that labour in agriculture sector has been remarkably decreased. It was 57.6% of the total labour in 2009 and downed to 54.2% in Particularly in 2011, it was increased up to 55.8% and decreased down to 48.7% in In 2014, this trend is shown decreasing to about 45.3%. 12

15 Trend of migration from rural to urban s and oversea had increased. Labour in industrial sector is only at 15.9% in 2009 and increased 16.9% in 2011, and it increased to 19.9% in In 2014, this is increased to 24.3%. For the labour in service sector is 26.5% in 2009 and increased to 30.4% in The below information is based on Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES) reported by Ministry of Planning. Comparison of Employed Labour by Sector, Labor Cambodia CSES 2009 CSES 2014 Phnom Other Other Phnom Other Cambodia Penh Urban Rural Penh Urban Other Rural Employed Population (thousand) 7, ,048 8,235 1, ,220 Agriculture (%) Industry (%) Services (%) Others TOTAL IV- ACHIEVEMENTS BY SUB-SECTOR In the year of the implementation of the Rectangular Strategy Phase-III of the Royal Government of Cambodia, the MAFF accomplished its achievement by program as follows: 1. Achievements in Rice, Subsidiary and Industrial Crops Production A. Rice Production The cultivated for rice production was recorded at 3 million hectare in 2012 and increased to 3.11 million hectare in 2016 (Wet season rice was 2.6 million hectare; dry season rice was 0.51 million hectare). Rice cultivated was increased 2.19% if compared to previous year Harvested was 3.09 million hectare (Wet season rice was 2.58 million hectare; dry season rice 0.51 million hectare). The annual average yield increased from 3.11t/ha to t/ha ( ), of which rice yield of wet and dry seasons were around 2.959t/ha and 4.465t/ha respectively. Total rice yield increased around 4% if compared to The production increased from 9.29 million tons to 9.95 million tons ( ), in which wet and dry season production were million tons and million tons respectively (The increase was around 6.6% if compared to 2015). The surplus of paddy was around 5.11 million tons equivalent to 3.27 million tons of white rice. Year Cultivated, Million (ha) Total Production Yield, t/ha Planned Cultivated Harvested (Million ton) It is noted that recently, the fact of significant development of rice production is derived from strongly support from the Royal Government of Cambodia, support from relevant ministries and institutions, development partners, local and international organizations, sub-national level authorities and actively participation from farmers. 13

16 Significant achievement of improving rice productivity is derived from a number of factors such as the change to use high yielding varieties from research and development outputs, transfer of appropriate technologies, especially improvement of effective System Rice Intensification's demonstrations, improvement soil and nutrient management practices, improvement of rice seed research and development suitable to land and climate condition and selection of main varieties for market demand. In additional factors for the achievement, the mechanization is significantly played important role for response labor shortage in recent agricultural sector. In fact, 3.5 million ha of rice production in 2016, land preparation by agricultural machinery has covered 92%. A total of 2.97 million of land preparation or about 91.35% in wet season has about 2.73 million ha by agricultural machinery and about 258,640 ha or about 8.65% by cattle and buffaloes has 517,390 ha. Of 517,390 ha in dry season, land preparation by agricultural machinery has 502,640 ha about 97.14% and by cattle and buffaloes has 14,390 ha or about 2.78%. Total land preparation has decreased about 5% compared to 2015, but land preparation by agricultural machinery has increased 9% compared to 2015 from 2.9 million ha to 3.2 million ha in

17 B. Subsidiary Crop production and industry crops (Seasonal Crops) B.1 Subsidiary Crops MAFF ANNUAL REPORT The cultivation of subsidiary crops (maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables and mungbean) has been significantly increased in last 5 years from 732,000 ha in 2012 to 932,000 ha in Production is highly increased in 2016 about 9.85% compared to Production of subsidiary crops is rapidly increased from 9 million tons in 2012 to 16 million tons in 2016 (if compared with 2015 is increased about 4.78%). B.2 Industry Crops Industry crop production (i.e. soybean, peanuts, sesame, sugar cane, Jute, tobaccos) has been currently varied and has been declined in last 2 years. Production of industry crops has been declined from 180,920 ha to 101,530 ha (declined of about 24.8% in 2016 if compared production in 2015), and production declined from 1.76 million tons in 2012 to 0.86 million tons in 2016 (declined about 0.79% if compared to last year). Production s of soybean, sesame and peanuts has been declined. B.3 Total production of subsidiary crops and industry crops in Subsidiary and industry crops production s have been increased from Thousand ha in 2012 to 1,030 Thousand ha in 2016 (increased compared to the average 5 years about 3.85% and about 5% compared to last year). Production of subsidiary and industry crops has been increased from million tons in 2012 to million tons in 2016 (increasing compared to the average 5 years about 12% and about 4.5% compared to last year). Table. Trend of Subsidiary crops and industry crops production in Description /15 (%) Area of subsidiary and Industry crops, (Thousand ha) Production, (million ton) , % % Graphic of subsidiary and industry crops (tons) Subsidiary and Industrial Crops Production (Tons) 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,859,806 10,536,743 14,727,263 16,148,765 16,884,112 10,000,000 5,000,

18 C. Perennial Crops Beside description of seasonal crops above, the perennial crops have also significantly developed. Perennial crops are including Cashew nut, Mango, Banana, Coconut, Orange, Jack fruit, Duran, Black pepper...etc. These have been increased from 231 Thousand ha in 2015 to 238 Thousand ha in 2016 (increased about 3.27%). Total production has been increased from 1.96 million tons in 2015 to 2.09 million tons in 2016 (Increased about 6.7%). Table. Perennial crop production in Crops Cultivated, ha Comparison (%) Production, Cultivated Production, Cultivated tons, ha tons Production Perennial crops 231,230 1,965, ,780 2,097, % 6.69% The above achievement of crop productivity and diversification is derived from outcomes of improving of seed research and development, improved crop cultivation techniques and practices, crop management practices (crop nutrient/fertilizers, pest, water and weed management), soil and soil fertility management, assessment, analysis and controlling of quality agricultural inputs, improving use of mechanization and improving pre and post-harvest technologies. D. Agricultural Extension and Technology Transfer Agricultural extension services are implemented by government agencies and institutions, program/projects of development partners, private sectors, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and local Extension agents including commune and village extension workers. Refer to record of Extension Officers in both national and sub-national levels between 2010 to 2014, numbers of public extension officers have been declined, however in the last 2 years number extension officers at provincial and district are no changed about 800 Officers. A part of public extension officers, in 2016 the total commune extension workers are 1,138 persons including 469 women (41% of women) and village extension workers are 9,276 person (9% of women). Graphic village extension worker has indicated that the numbers has increased 484 persons compared to 2015, but a number of commune extension workers are not significant changed. The main activities and approaches of agricultural education and extension are: (1) trainings in class and field training, or farmer field schools, field demonstrations, field days and exchange visits, (2) Extension Technology and broadcasting systems and ICT and (3) Extension material development, printing and dissemination. In 2016, the staffs of Department of Agricultural Extension and other technical Departments of MAFF have been trained of 10,655 persons, including 4,086 women of extension officers and extension workers, and farmers. Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (PDAFF) has been providing the training to 64,637 farmers including 41,388 women (64% of women) in good seed using, crop/farm cultural techniques and practices, crop/farm management practices, pre and post-harvest technologies and good agricultural practices on rice, horticulture, cash crops, industry crops, land classification and land use, management, operation and maintenance of agricultural machinery, equipment s and tools and Agricultural Cooperative management and development. With these activities, the outreach of extension technology, information and knowledge have been taken by developing, printing and disseminating extension materials and messages to 16

19 farmers and producers about copies (booklets, posters, leaflets, agri. notes... etc.) and broadcasted through televisions and radio about 77 extension spots. Graphic Trend of Extension Officers and Extension Workers E. Agricultural Cooperative's Organization and Registration Graphic Number Agricultural Cooperative in Up to 2016, official number agricultural cooperatives (ACs) were officially registered and organized 857 ACs with total of 87,986 members including 53,136 women (about 60.39% of women), and total capital of 24,412,075,650 Kh Riels. Provinces have been organized highest numbers of ACs include Takeo province 98 ACs and Battambang 77 ACs, and Pursat organized 53 ACs by each provincial, and Kep province has organized only 2 ACs and is lowest than other provinces in Cambodia. F. Export promotion of agricultural products. Export of agricultural products have been rapidly and significantly increased in the last 4 years. In 2012, the export of agricultural products has reached to 680,457 tons and increased to 3,659,908 tons in 2013, to 3,445,123 tons in 2014, to 4,157,246 tons in 2015 and to 4,709,453 tons in The trend of rapid increasing is 5 times in 2013 compared with 2012, however the average at last years has increased only 13%. Main export commodities are milled rice, cassava chips, Fresh cassava, black peppers and fresh mango. 17

20 Graphic Export of agricultural products in MAFF ANNUAL REPORT Official milled rice export has been significantly increased from 105,259 tons in 2010 to 205,717 tons in 2012 and increased to 542,144 tons in These increased amount are five times compared to 2010 and twice times if compared to In fact, quantity of 542,144 tons of milled rice export is increased 0.7% compared to 2015 that it's export 538,396 tons. Type of milled rice export in 2016 is 56.61% of fragrance rice, followed by 34.79% of white rice and 8.6% of parboiled rice. Destinations of Cambodian rice have been exported to 65 countries in the world and exported by 85 export companies. Rice Exporting (Tons) The rice exports by category (%) 600, , , , , , , , , , , , , All kinds of Rice All kinds of aromatic rice Steams Rice The top ten importing countries of Cambodian rice in 2016 are PR of China 127,460 tons, France 78,329 tons, Poland 64,035 tons, Malaysia 38,877 tons, Netherland 28,690 tons, Belgium 22,885 tons, Czech Republic 22,815, Italy 18,619 tons, United Kingdom 17,673 tons and Germany 16,616 tons. G. Legal Norm Formulation Fourteen legal norms and regulations have been formulated and passed the technical consultation meetings and workshops. Those are: (1) draft law on agricultural land management; (2) draft law on plant protection and quarantine; (3). draft sub-decree on establishment, organization, and functioning for Agricultural Cooperative Development Fund; (4) draft sub decree on the establishment of SPS post; (5) Joint Ministrial Prakas on judiciary 18

21 police status for seed inspectors; (6) draft Prakas on uniform, logo, and stamp for SPS inspectors; (7) draft joint prakas on service fee for SPS and Fumigation Inspection; (8) Prakas on trial, sampling, classification, and standard setting for quality of seeds, and seed quality inspection procedures; (9) Prakas on labelling and information for seed packages/containers; (10) Prakas on penality and basic market prices of seeds for the implementation of penality; (11) Praksa on model application form and procedures for issuing seed quality certification; (12) Seed standard and quality assessment procedure; (13) Guideline on the assessment of the diffenrencialty between uniform and satbility (DUS) of new seed; and (14) Strategic Plan for Rice Seed Management and Development in Cambodia. G.1 Agricultural Materials Management Currently, the demand for agricultural material and equipment is increasing every year in accordance with the development of agricultural production in the country, which leaded to increase of the import of agricultural material and also increase in local agricultural materials produced in the country. The government sets the strategy for free tax or zero tariffs on imported agricultural materials in order to create more competition to the producers, as well as allows farmers to buy quality and cheaper agricultural materials. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has worked hard to manage the agricultural materials and to strengthen the monitoring of the wholesale & retail agricultural materials business in the provinces in conformity with procedures and regulation enforced. The company requested a permit to import some 206 companies, including: - Pesticides, 41,648.2 tonnes and 109 kilograms - Fertilizers 990, tonnes - Livestock feed 332, tonnes - Animal medicines 3, tonnes - Seed tonnes - Materials to produce feed 397,138 tonnes - Veterinary equipment tonnes The livestock extension and awareness raising of such activities are carried out: Seminar to raise awareness on legal regulation, procedures and technical rules in the management and exploitation of agricultural materials in the provinces, instructions made to local agricultural input traders on the agricultural pesticide and fertilizer trading; In collaboration with GIZ organized workshop on legal regulation in the use and trade of biological agents in the agricultural sector in Cambodia; Organizing workshops to strengthen and better understanding of the regulations and technical procedures in managing the exploitation of agricultural input materials to the PDAFF management and officers in charge of the legislation and agriculture input material at the provinces; Workshop on Guidance of procedures in trade of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers Meeting on the Review 2016 agricultural legislation and the direction for Workshop on Guidance of procedures in trade of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers was held on 27 October This workshop is a great opportunity for the private sector, which can help enhance efficiency in the management of pesticides and fertilizers to ensure that all distributed inputs could benefit farmers. With this in crop production, farmers often use all means to get a yield prefer effective, fast and easy to find on the market, do not expect the negative impact of these substances. So far, there are also many kinds of pesticides that 19

22 farmers have chosen to use depending on the type of crops. In some case, the farmers did not know what kinds in pesticide prohibited to use. These may harm to the public health. To achieve positive results in pesticides and fertilizer management, the MAFF provided some key measures to the private sector involved in agricultural input trading as follows: 1. Companies need to find out firsthand guiding information, and its obligations, which are applied at every stage in the business operations for pesticides and fertilizers trading, especially in the process of registration of the pesticides or fertilizers products. Each stage of the registration required appropriate time for the analysis test on the field experiments and study of risk or danger that could result from the pesticides or fertilizers products. 2. Companies have to identify the country of origin of the input materials which wished to import into the Kingdom of Cambodia to ensure product quality. However, companies must avoid to register the fake input materials or the products that have no country of origin for use in the country. 3. At the same time for the product registration, the companies needed to request a registered stock warehouse of the pesticides or fertilizers in advance before importing the input materials. This is to facilitate the business operations that needed a proper warehouse for safety operations. 4. After receiving registration certificates, the companies have to produce the packaging products for pesticides or fertilizers in advance before requesting a permit to import by being printed on the packaging labels information in Khmer with information booklet explaining about its products and guidance of the product use. 5. Upon import of the pesticides or fertilizers, the companies need to be attached with application the samples of packaging label information in Khmer language to ensure that the products of pesticides or fertilizers that the companies are proposing to import applied properly the required standard. 6. The companies that hold permit to import of pesticides or fertilizers have the obligation to make such declaration or offer information to the Department of Agriculture Legislation concerning their imports arrival at least 15 (fifteen days) before the date of import. In this case, the companies must ensure that pesticides or fertilizers imported have quality standard and store pesticides or fertilizers imported in the warehouse for inspection. 7. The companies, which occupied the factory or manufacturing of mixing ingredients or packaging of agricultural input materials for supplying and distribution in Cambodia, must declare to the Ministry of at least 2 (two) times in 1 year, or when necessary, as required by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. In case of export of agricultural input materials, e.g. pesticides or fertilizers, the export declaration should be made for requesting to the Ministry within three months before the export. 8. The companies that import input materials for re-distribution, should have distribution permit from MAFF. The contract or agreement with local distributors will be made to ensure the legal input trading. 9. The companies that imported ingredients mixed or re-packaging of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, should have technical personnel with expertise related to agricultural pesticides or fertilizers, and is recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The companies, which requested permit or certificate to operate pesticides and fertilizers trading, has the obligation to pay fee for government budget, based on joint declaration No. 013 dated 28 December 2012, of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 20

23 10. The input trading companies should not do advertising or promotion of agricultural input products or fertilizers before the products are registered. Imports of agricultural pesticides or fertilizers, in order to make a gift or use in the experiment farms, whether private or state, these must be requested a permit and must be approved in advance by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in accordance with the applicable rules and procedures. 11. The input trading companies have to be honest and ethical in their own business without being committed fraud in quality of product differs from original quality or fraudulent packaging and are avoiding buying for the sale of pesticides or fertilizers that smuggled or smuggled imports from neighboring countries or originating from illegal acts of another. In particular, they should avoid imported or smuggled pills or fertilizers that are in the prohibited list. 12. The input trading companies are in a good relationship and cooperation with the relevant technical departments of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to facilitate business operation, by respecting and implementing the procedures, regulations and directives of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. G.2 Agricultural Research and Development The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) caring of the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) as line technical institution has developed new agricultural crop varieties, maintained seed quality of released varities, including dissiminated all released varieties and methods of seed purification at farmers practices, especially technology in planting, crop management, and harvesting. Moreover, CARDI has documented, published and dissiminated scientific papers and technical documents to farmers and other stakeholders in the country. Thereof, many tasks have been implimented and achieved as follows: Scientific papers and articles: Seven scientific papers and articles of CARDI research finding were written and published in English in the international journals and proceedings. Germplasm conservation: A set of new crops consisting 404 samples were collected for conservation and 2,329 accessions/samples were also rejuvenated. By the end of 2016, a total of 38 crops with 8,261 accessions/samples (rice: 6,692 accessions/samples and other crops: 1,569 sample) had been conserved in CARDI genebank for utilization and future (rice germplasm) safety. Releasing of new rice varieties: Two rice varieties were released as follows: 1. CAR16: This rice variety is a short duration to mature highly tolerated to heat. It was a breeding line originated from IRRI and designated as IR10L149. There were a series of trial starting in 2011 and a selection was based on heat tolerance criteria. The variety is an early maturity (98 days) with insensitive to photoperiod known as heat tolerance. Its plant height is 1.0 m, grain length is 7.2 mm, grain width is 1.8 mm and amylose content is 25.1%. It has an average yield of 4.1 t/ha (DS and WS combined). However, its yield potential could reach up to 6.8 t/ha. The variety has been evaluated since 2011 based on heat tolerance. 2. Smach 02. The variety is late maturity rice with photoperiod sensitive flowering at the end of November and early December. It is suitable to deep water of rainfed lowland. The variety was developed by using pure line selection method from Srau 21

24 Smach populations, a traditional variety in Srov Smach Kampong Ro Agriculture Cooperative, Svay Rieng province in 2012 in accordance to a request made by the heads of Cooperative and PDAFF. Plant height is 1.5 m, grain length is 6.5 mm, grain width is 1.8 mm, amylose content is 18.4%, mean grain yield of 3.2 t/ha with potential yield of 4.2 t/ha. Investment returned from combined harvester machine: Results of study conducted in Takeo, Kampot and Kampong Speu provinces have shown that an average fee charged by the owners of combined harvester is 110 USD/ha for wet season rice and 70 USD/ha for dry season rice. Whatever in wet season, the owners of combined harvester have generated daily income approximately to 225 USD for harvesting rice in small paddy fields (500-1,000 m 2 ) with harvesting an average of 3 ha/day and 366 USD in large paddy fields (2,000-3,000 m 2 ) by harvesting an average of 4.5 ha/day. Rice soil maps for five sub-irrigation systems have been produced: The soil survey tasks were conducted for 5 sub-irrigation systems and information were digitized into a digital GIS format. Rice soil maps of 5 sub-irrigation systems were produced [1. Chambak (Chambak commune, Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng), 2. Beung Kak (Ta Neng commune, Korng Meas district, Kampong Cham), 3. Ta Seng-Ta Tao (Khsach Andeth commune, Chhlorng district, Kratie), 4. O Prang (Sre Huy commune, Kah Nhek district, Mondulkiri), and 5. Trapeang Chreh (Trapeang Chreh commune, Konmom district, Rattanakiri)]. Nutritional value contained in Damnoeb Sbai Mongkul rice variety: In 2016, CARDI has sent white rice of Damnoeb Sbai Mongkul variety to the internationally recognized laboratory for nutritional value analysis and the result is shown in Table 4. Table 4. White rice (WR) nutritional value of Damnoeb Sbai Mongkul rice variety No Parameter Unit WR No Parameter Unit WR 1 Fe mg/kg Vitamin A mg/kg ND 2 Carbohydrate g/100g Vitamin B2 mg/kg ND 3 Dietary fiber g/100g Vitamin B3 mg/kg Energy kcal/100g Vitamin B6 mg/kg ND 5 Protein g/100g Vitamin C mg/kg ND 6 Total fat g/100g Vitamin D mcg/kg ND 7 Cholesterol mg/100g ND 16 Vitamin E mg/kg ND 8 Polyunsaturated fat g/100g Vitamin K1 mg/kg ND 9 Thiamine ppm (mg/kg) Vitamin B12 mcg/kg ND Note: ND=not detected and daily requirement of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is 1.20 mg for an adult. Adoption of CARDI released rice varieties: A survey of rice variety adoption has been carried out in four provinces, Takeo, Kampong Chhnang, Pursat and Battambang for 2014 and The average of total wet season rice cultivated s of the four provinces were around 670,000 ha, comprised of 23% of early maturing rice (upper field), 52% of medium maturing rice (middle field) and 25% of late maturing rice (lower field). In 2014, CARDI rice varieties were cultivated on 61% of total wet season rice s and increased to 63% in 2015 (Figure 5). Only 1% of total wet season rice s were cultivated with CARDI rice varieties as early maturing crop. The cultivation of medium Phka Rumduol rice variety had decreased from 48% to 42% of total wet season production s over the period of 2014 and The decline of Phka Rumduol rice cultivated s between 2014 and 2015 could be attributed to the crisis of rice market in the country which dropped from 1,250 riel/kg in 2013 to 1,167 riel/kg 22

25 in 2014 and 1,060 riel/kg in However, the adoption of Riang Chey variety increased by 1% and other late maturing CARDI rice varieties as such CAR4, CAR5, CAR8, CAR9 had increased from 3% in 2014 to 9% in Figure 5. Percentage of rice s grown to CARDI s released varieties in 4 provinces (Takeo, Kampong Chhnang, Pursat and Battambang) in 2015 wet season (Late marity 25%, Medienum 52% and Early 23%) (Outer cirlce) in comparison with 2014 figures (Inner circle). Soil erosion under cassava cropping: Preliminary results from two years study on Kampong Siem soil group at three cassava fields showed average surface soil lost from the field with 4-7% slope were t/ha or cm surface depth. This result indicates that soil lost in this was within medium range of soil erosion. The study was conducted on cassava field under soil and climate condition and farming practice of the farmers in Phnom Proek district, Battambang province. Nutrient uptake by cassava crop under different fertiliser application rates: Results from two years study on Kampong Siem soil group at three cassava fields in Phnom Proek district, Battambang province showed that applying NPK fertiliser at low rate (40:20:40 kg/ha of N:P 2O 5:K 2O) and high rate (160:80:100 kg/ha of N:P 2O 5:K 2O) of increased total cassava biomass by 10 and 20 t/ha, respectively, comparing to that without fertiliser application, which was obtained only 55 t/ha of total biomass (Table 2). There was no significant difference between nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) by cassava grown on no fertilized and low fertilized plots. However, nutrient uptake was higher when NPK fertiliser was applied at high rate, except Ca uptake. 23

26 Table 2. Fresh cassava biomass (roots, stems and leaves) and nutrient uptake (kg/ha) under various NPK fertilizer rates. N:P 2O 5:K 2O (kg/ha) Total biomass (t/ha) N P K Ca Mg Nil :20: :80: Soil properties change under different fertilizer application rates on cassava crop: Results from two years study on Kampong Siem soil group at three cassava fields in Phnom Proek district, Battambang province showed that there were no noticeable changes of soil properties except Exchangeable Ca and Mg and silt content of the soil at plots (Table 3). Table 3. Soil properties before planting and at harvesting time in year 1 and 2. Before Year 1: N:P2O5:K2O (kg/ha) Year 2: N:P2O5:K2O (kg/ha) Soil properties plantin g Nil 40:20:40 160:80:100 Nil 40:20:40 160:80:100 ph-h2o (1:5) EC (ms/cm) Organic C (%) Total N (%) Available P (mg/kg) Exchangeable Ca 2+ (cmol/kg) Exchangeable Mg 2+ (cmol/kg) Exchangeable K + (cmol/kg) Exchangeable Na + (cmol/kg) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) Fresh root yield (t/ha) Sources of market supply for tomato and bokchoy vegetables: Majority of tomato supply in three main markets in Phnom Penh Chba Ampov, Daemko and Neakmeas markets sourced from Vietnam (88%), Thai (5%) and local tomato (7%) and in Samaki market of Siem Reap province was also imported from Vietnam by 96% with only 4% of local tomato. But bokchoy supply in the three markets in Phnom Penh was mostly local produce with 85% and only 15% of Vietnam bokchoy while the leafy vegetable in Siem Reap market was also supplied by 92% local producers with only 8% of Thai vegetable. Human Resources Development: Conducted training courses, workshops and meeting for 170 technical staff/opportunities. Moreover, 1,675 farmers/opportunities have been trained on technology of planting, crop management, seed purification and post-harvest. Meanwhile, a total of 1,700 kg of rice seeds were distributed to 340 farmers/families in which they produced about 80 tones for using in the next year. Furthermore, in one year period of year 2016, there were 695,578 visitors accessed to CARDI s homepage for agricultural information. Therefore, it was giving an average of 1,906 visitors/day with increasing 665 visitors/day compared to year

27 H. Agro-Industry Development H.1 Contract Farming Prepared the Circular on the Procedure of implementation of Contract Farming and agricultural production contract model to support the Sub-Decree No. 36. Dated 24 February Ended the Contract Farming Project on Review Existing Tools and Pilot Contract Farming for Enhancing the Efficiency of Agribusiness in Battambang and Pailin province supported by ADB. Continuing and implementing on agricultural production contracts between the agricultural community and AMRU Rice that produce organic rice to export in collaboration supported by the Supreme National Economic Council (SNEC) and AFD. Organized a meeting between the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of the Kingdom of Cambodia with the Ministry of Commerce of the Kingdom of Thailand to export agricultural products by using Contract Farming mechanisms in accordance with the MOU between the two countries that have already signed in ACMEC. Inspected and evaluated the implementation of agricultural production contract of CP Company (chicken and pork), Palm Sugar Community; Mango Community in Kampong Speu province and Acacia Company in Preah Sihanouk province. Studied of agricultural product potential and agricultural commodities for 05 provinces among 08 provinces, which along borders with Thailand to export agricultural products by using the Contract Farming mechanisms. Collaborated with Cambodia Rice Federation (CRF) and Soma Group to change the habits selling rice without planning, agricultural production contract and implementing the farming model by using the latest technology for farmers. Collaborated with Argent French for Development (AFD) and the Supreme Economic National Council in preparing the guide book on Contract Farming in Cambodia. Collaborated with KOICA and expert to prepare management and data collection on the small, medium and large enterprises that use other raw agricultural products and agribusiness management. H.2 Laboratory Organized the Handover Ceremony of Office Equipment, kitchen equipment and quarantine at Agricultural Products and Food Laboratory in Leap National School of Agriculture form the People's Republic of China to The Royal of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Organized the National Training on The Value Adding on the Agri-Food Product In Cambodia Supported by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, The Kingdom of Cambodia and the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) of Japan. Installed and tested machine Ultra-Pure Water and UV Preparing the draft Declaration of setting fees on agricultural products and food products analysis. Has sent a proposal to the Chinese side (China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries) to support agricultural products and food laboratory of Cambodia. Preparing to collect the agricultural samples to analyze the chemicals residue these products and broadcast. 25

28 2. Enhancement of Rubber Production 2.1 Introduction Rubber crop was first planted in 1910 at Prey Nob district. Until October 1921, there were large scale industrial plantations that major French investment company in Kampong Cham and Kratie. By 1969, growing rubber in Cambodia expanded of over 64,000 hectares and the tapping was more than 39,000 hectares, with a production by more than 50,000 tons for domestic consumption and export abroad. Rubber is a main strategic crop that provides multi-benefits to growers, the nation economy, smallholders economy and the environment, particularly: a) To promote income national economy and farmers economy, contribute to poverty reduction through the creation of stable employment and occupation to the people in rural s and reduce migration, b) To provide wood for furniture and wood fuel, reduce deforestation, c) To prevent soil erosion, and to be as cover green crop to join in the maintenance of ecological balance by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reduce climate change, which is a current world problem. 2.2 Increase in Rubber Production In 2016, the total planted of 432,735 hectares were achieved which increased approximately to 43,780 hectares, equivalent to 11.25%, compared with 388,955 hectares in These s have been classified into 02 categories: Rubber estates including 278,281 hectares, equivalent to 64.31% of total rubber (the ex-state-owned rubber plantations, rubber plantation of Cambodian Rubber Research Institute (CRRI) and rubber plantations on economic land concession) and 151,454 hectares of rubber smallholdings, equivalent to 35.69% of total rubber (Figure 1). Table 1: Rubber Production, (thousand ha) No. Rubber production Rubber Plantation Unit /2015 (Δ%) Estate 000ha 239,1 278,2 16,3 1 Total rubber Smallholding 000ha 149,9 154,5 3,1 Total 000ha 389,0 432,7 11,2 Estate 000ha 34,7 40,7 17,3 2 Tapping Smallholding 000ha 76,5 86,3 12,8 Total 000ha 111,2 127,0 14,2 Estate 000ha 39,3 43,5 10,7 3 Product Smallholding 000ha 87,6 101,6 16,0 Total 000ha 126,9 145,2 14,4 26

29 55,361 78,493 90, , , , , , , , , , , , ,735 MAFF ANNUAL REPORT Although the rubber price has been extremely declining and there were some challenged negative factors, but in general, the targets of budget program activities were achieved. These occurred through efforts of the ministry, relevant institutions, companies, rubber estates, development partners and the active participations of rubber smallholders. The enhancement of possibility and the capacity in industry rubber development have to take consideration and promote to successfully contribute the implementation of the Royal Government s Rectangular Strategy phase III. Figure1. Size of rubber categories, A. Rubber Production and Export In 2016, the tapping of 126,996 hectares was reached with increase of about 15,764 hectares, equivalent to14.17%, compared with 111,232 hectares of last year (Figure 2). The rubber production of 145,200 tons was achieved and increased around 18,339 tons, equivalent to 14.46%, compared with 126,861 tons in The average rubber yield of 2016 is 1,143 kg/ha increased by 02 kg/ha, equivalent to 0.17%, compared with 1,141 kg/ha in Hectares 450, , , , , , , ,000 50, Mature Area Immature Area Total Area Year Figure 2 Mature, immature and total rubber,

30 The rubber export in 2016 achieved 145,100 tons accounted for USD 187,164,551 compared with 128,047 tons in 2015 and accounted for USD 154,001,151. The export of rubber production increased to 17,053 tons, equivalent to 13.32%. The rubber revenue increased only 21.53% because situation of rubber prices in the international market continued to fall sharply in 2015 and still fall up to third trimester of 2016, in an unprecedented period of 9 years. It noted that the rubber price was increased a little at the end of The average exported rubber prices of 2016 accounted for USD 1,290/ton compared with USD 1,203/ton in 2015 increased USD 87/ton, equivalent to 7.23%. The growth of total revenue in 2016 was USD 33,163,400, although export volume surpassed 17,053 tons. Tons 160, , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, ,525 59,917 85,244 86,052 97, , , , , , Production Export Year Figure 3 Rubber production and Exportation In 2016, total of rubber processing factories was 126 locations in 11 provinces (Kampong Cham, Tbong Khmum, Kampong Thom, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Steung Treng, Rattanakiri, Odor Meanchey, Preah Vihear, Preas Sihanouk and Pailin) and increased to 06 locations, equivalent to 5% compared with 120 locations in Amount of 126 locations of factories and handicrafts, there are 37 locations of TSR factories, 85 locations of Ribbed smoked sheet and Air-dried sheet factories-handicrafts and 04 locations of rubber wood processing factories. B. Extension and Training In the budget in 2016, the rubber technical training courses were conducted, such as: (1) Training on tapping technique to rubber smallholders Five training courses on opening tapping and tapping techniques to rubber smallholders were conducted in target provinces: Battambang, Pailin, Rattanakiri, Steung Treng and Preah Vihear provinces. Two hundred thirty eight rubber smallholders attended the courses (45 people / course). Training smallholders received knowledge, both theoretical and practical tapping lessons in order to harvest their rubber trees in long term with high yield in correct technical standards. (2) Dissemination on rubber technique to rubber smallholders - The extension and trainings on rubber techniques were carried out in 8 target provinces (Battambang, Pailin, Mondulkiri, Rattanakiri, Preah Vihear, Kampong Thom, Tbong khmom and Kampong Cham). There were 482 rubber smallholders attended these courses (60 people / course). The training smallholders who participate get a document lessons and listen to the presentations of the trainers. The trainers replied questions from each lesson to allow rubber farmers and farmers intend to grow rubber to gain knowledge, to carry on the techniques of clone selection, planting, and protection against 28

31 disease, technical opening rubber tapping in order to harvest in properly techniques refers to getting good results in the future. - Six training courses by CRRI were implemented on: 1.) planting and maintenance techniques, 2.) management of bud wood garden and nursery, 3.) latex harvest and technical opening tapping, 4.) protection against pest and diseases, and 5.) technical identification of rubber clones. There were 375 rubber smallholders attended these courses. - The extension and trainings on rubber unsmoked sheet processing technique to 5 rubber smallholder cooperatives in 04 target provinces: Kampong Cham and Tbong Khmom, Steung Treng, and Kratie. There were 250 rubber smallholders participated in these courses. (3) Training on rubber technology to focal staff Five technical training courses on rubber technology were conducted for agricultural officials in target provinces, including Mondulkiri, Rattanakiri, Battambong, Pailin, and Preah Sihanouk. One hundred twelve provincial agricultural officials attended these courses (20 people / course). These trainings aim to improve understanding of the provincial agricultural officials to become focal staffs or extension workers to transfer rubber technology to rubber growers, especially rubber smallholders in order to promote rubber development in high economic efficiency and sustainability. (4) Strengthening and establishing rubber smallholder cooperative Three rubber smallholder cooperatives were established in target provinces: Preah Vihear, Tbong Khmom, and Kratie. The establishment of the cooperative is to promote the market power of farmers in order to reduce the agricultural production cost of cooperative members, to provide services that individual farmers cannot do, to get market information, to expand market opportunities of agricultural products, and to improve the quality of agricultural products or the products of farmers and increase the income of cooperative members. (5) Extension on rubber processing technique to rubber operators Two dissemination courses on rubber processing technique were conducted in Kampong Cham and Kratie. There were 120 trainees attended these courses. The trainees were the owners of the rubber processing factories/ handicrafts from 9 target provinces: Kampong Cham, Tbong Khmom, Kampong Thom, Preah Vihear, Kratie, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, and Udormeanchey. (6) Training to strengthen capacity building of state officials and rubber estate staffs - Two training courses on Supply-Demand Modeling for Natural Rubber demand supply were conducted. Sixty three state officials and rubber estate staffs attended these training courses. - One training course on preparation of budget program was conducted. Tweenty state staffs participated in this course. - To participate in course on endorsement of testing laboratory and calibration instruments of international standard ISO/IEC17025:2005 to be a national and international evaluator. C. Rubber Research and Development Rubber studies and research have been conducted on (1) breeding, monitoring, inputting data of all experimental plots both inside and outside stations and establishing a new experimental plot in Krek Rubber Plantation Company, (2) rubber physiology and harvesting which 14 experimental data were done and monitored, (3) planting and prevention by monitoring and collecting data of the effect of cover crops, fertilizers, planting density, parameter agronomic environment on growth and yield rubber, and (4) monitoring, collecting, inputting, and analysing date of latex physiology. 29

32 The technically specified rubber laboratory has been implemented consisting of : (1) the 370 pieces of specific samples were tested to certify the processing quality of CSR factories, control RSS quality and CSR CV quality for student internships, (2) the 4 times of test preparation and report on analysis result of test comparison with domestic laboratory were conducted to evaluate capacity of base laboratory for reaching to official recognition, (3) the inter-laboratory was tested 2 times with IRA in order to recognize as regional support laboratory for TSR, (4) the requirement for endorsing certificate of international standard ISO/IEC17025:2005 by the controller of BOA on general requirement for capacity of testing laboratory and calibration instruments of specific laboratory was implemented completely, (5) meeting with Rubber-based Product Working Group on defining a standard and Asian harmonization of 46 standards for ASEAN Rubber Laboratory Network under scope of ISO/IEC17025:2005, and (6) controlling and evaluating the CSR processing factories and domestic lab of City Rubber company for permission of using Cambodian specified rubber logo and officially endorsing the domestic lab by the Cambodia Rubber Research institute. D. Preparation of Rubber Regulations Since 2010 up to present, the draft of rubber law has been formulated by the General Directorate of Rubber (GDR), the staff of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This draft was internally discussed and consulted within GDR after sending it back from MAFF. In 2016, two legal regulations have been formulated such as the draft declaration on the procedures of management of smallholder s rubber depot and the draft declaration on the prohibition of unprocessed rubber export, besides the draft law on rubber. E. International cooperation E.1 Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) On behalf of Cambodia, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have been a member in the Association ANRPC on 09 September 2009 and is also the president of the Association ANRPC for Cambodia attended the conference, meetings and the 2016 annual assembly of ANRPC for 6 days from October 17 to October 22, 2016 in the city of Guwahati in Assam, India. These important events were hold smoothly and successfully with many participants: growers, processors, businessmen, economists and manufacturers. Besides this, the officials attended: (1) the 2 nd meeting of ANRPC expert group on natural rubber price stabilization in Thailand for three days from March 15 to March 17, 2016 and (2) the 3 rd meeting of ANRPC expert group on natural rubber price stabilization in Sri Lanka for three days from August 18 to August 20, E.2 International Rubber Research and Development Board (IRRDB) IRRDB, was established in 1934, is the network for rubber research and development which gathers almost all the natural rubber research institutes of natural rubber producing countries with 95% of world rubber production. Cambodia is the 16th member of IRRDB in the own annual meeting session on November, 2001 in Montpellier of the Republic of France. Cambodia (Rubber Research Institute of Cambodia) hosted the conference and annual meeting of the Research and Development International Rubber Board, 2016 in Siem Reap from November 21-25, 2016 under the theme " Sustainability of the Natural Rubber Industry: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities. For clone multilateral exchange program between member countries of IRRDB, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sent bud woods of 5 CMS clones to India and Thailand and have received bud wood of 3 additional CMS clones from CIRAD through Ghana. In addition, Cambodia has joined in annual meetings, workshops and trainings organized by IRRDB for 7 times. 30

33 E.3 French Agency for Development (Agence Francaise pour le Developpement: AFD) With AFD, Ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries has continued the project for normalization on rubber bud-wood-gardens which was created in accordance with the financing convention No. CKH H on July 12, 2012 between the Kingdom of Cambodia and AFD. The implemented activities of project were (1) the registration of rubber bud-wood-gardens, (2) analysis of bud-wood-gardens DNA (3) control registered rubber bud wood gardens. In addition, the project feasibility study on possible implementation of the project on the rubber smallholding development in Cambodia is also being implemented. The main objectives of the project the rubber smallholding development in Cambodia are: 1. Improving rural livelihoods through job creation for farmers. 2. Increasing source of revenue from the rubber exploitation to farmers and help reduce poverty in rural s. 3. Creating a source of income to the national economy through rubber exports. 4. Environmental protection against extreme drought of nature and prevent soil erosion. E.4 Cooperation with International Universities In studies and research on agro-environment of rubber cultivation, Cambodia cooperates with international universities, including: (1) Nagoya University of Japan relating to maintenance, repairing Sap flow, CO2 profile instruments at the Cambodian Rubber Research Institute (CRRI) (2) Kuyshu University to search the leaf photosynthesis and (3) Hawaii University of the United States of America to maintain and repair the Flux Tower Equipment at CRRI. E.5 Cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture of People s Republic of China Three project proposals have already submitted to Chinese partner (1) human resource development and training projects in rubber sector, (2) Staff exchange of experiences, and (3) project financing support. 8 officials participated in training on rubber production and processing for 5 days in China. E.6 Rubber industry development planning at Cambodia - Lao PDR - Viet Nam Development Triangle Area The draft report on Rubber industry development planning at Cambodia - Lao PDR - Viet Nam Development Triangle Areas was send to Vietnamese partner by for the 9 th Joint Coordinating Commission s meeting and the 11 th Senior Officials Meeting in Dak Nong, Vietnam, which was conducted from October 30 until November 03, Vietnam has agreed to accept this draft and update with corrections and comments of the Cambodian partner. Finally, the report was submitted in the joint commission's meeting on November 21, 2016 in Siem Reap to review before the summit of CLV development triangle s. According to the joint statement of the summit, the Agricultural Ministries of the three countries were asked to partner with each other in building a draft plan on developing the rubber industry for the 10 th CLV summit, which will be help in Vietnam in Besides cooperation in the framework of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (General Directorate of Rubber and Rubber Research Institute of Cambodia) above, Cambodia Rubber Development Association is also a full member of the International Rubber Association and ARBC. 31

34 SECTION 3 PROMOTION OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION 3. Promote the Animal Health and Production The animal health sector has the great potential to contribute the national economy development, work, food security, nutrition, and reduce the gap between remote and urban s but this sector did not use its great potential ultimately yet. The estimation is that about 80% of the animal husbandry is being based on the traditional methods. Base the recognation of the great potential of this sector, the government in the 5th mandatory has set out the goal to promote the animal husbandry to be widely through creation of sector policy which bases on the value chains in order to solve the package constraints that are the obstcles for this sector development and also pay attention to the food safety and markets operating, especially the sanitation and hygiene. In responses to the governemtn policy, MAFF has inserted the promotion of the animal husbandry into the agenda of ASDP In order to promote this sector of animal husbandry, MAFF has concerned on the capacity building for the staff, the management structure, strengthen and promote the services of animal health and production, prepare all relevant regulatories, prepare the projects for using the government budget, as well as, projects to be supported by the development partners. As the result of 2016, MAFF has achieved several main outputs include the endorsement of the new law of animal health and production, the endorsement of the law of SPF for development of the animal sector, and the promotion of Department of Animal Health and Production to be the General Directorate of Animal Health and Production. All these results of achievements are based on the clear policy of the government which allocated the national resources and budget, as well as, the support from the development partners, NOGs, and private sector. SPF for development of the animal husbandry sector was endorsed and put on implementation on 1 April The vision of this SPF is the development of the animal health and production in the sustainable development in order to garantee for food security, food safety, and its business processing with the good benefit and contribute to the national socioeconomicl development. MAFF also promotes the to have the good animal health and production through the development of the humen resources effectively, the researches and technical extension, the preparation of the legals and regulatories and strenthen the application of regulatories, legals, laws, the development of effective partnership between public and private sectors, as well as, the partnership in discussion too. The keys relevant points with the sector of animal health and production is to direct on the development of the collective animal processing s, which have the potential for processing the local consumption and for exporting. The effective mechanisms for promoting this sector development are to facilitate and promote the private sector in development of techniques for animal processing to comply with the ASEAN standards and ASEAN s markets standard requirement. The linkages between the groups of animal processors with the groups of animal purchasers through the mechanism of Agricultural production contract for responding to the animal products supplying sustainably is also the most important strategies for development of this sector. 32

35 3.1 Animal Production In 2016, the promotion of animal production which is the most important Goal s indicator is over achieved of its target with 3.51% increasingly compared with the year of The total animal is 40,3 million head and in 2016 increases upto 42,18 million head i.e., increases in 0.12%, buffaloes increases in 41%, pigs increases in 7,07% and poultry increases in 3.52%. Beside, the drought animal decreases in 7.11%. This is to show that the number of buffaloes has increasing its number in the first year after its deseasing several years continuously. In 2016, however some diseases were outbreaked but it was not infected seriously to the animal and this is because of the earlier preparedness for those outbreaked diseases. According to the efforts of implementation by roles and responsibilities with the supports from the government, development partners, private sector, and relevant institutions, the technical point in animal health and production/maff has achieved several outputs as below: A. Household Animal Production Table below table is the progresses of the household animal production in five years from 2012 through Based on the information in table below showed that the household animal husbandry have gradually increased from 25,380,237 head in 2012 to 34,223,007 head in This has shown that it is increased in 42%. If compared it with 2015, it is increased 1,430,000 head equalled to 3.51% increased. But cattle has decreased from 0.22% and buffaloes increased 3.39%. The household Animal statistics in No Animal types The last five years animal statistics ( ) Compared years & 2016 A B =6/5 1 Cattle 3,372,212 3,425,952 3,053,481 2,903,420 2,897, % 2 Buffaloes 656, , , , , % 3 Cattle- Buffaloes 4,029,150 4,045,066 3,595,308 3,409,585 3,420, % 4 Draft animal 1,516,110 1,344,541 1,249,817 1,132,097 1,051, % 5 Pigs 1,952,321 2,067,975 2,360,823 2,357,839 2,371, % 6 Poultry 19,374,139 21,429,519 25,630,027 26,688,675 28,402, % 7 Horse 12,394 10,850 9,161 7,637 5, % 8 Sheep % 9 Goat 11,995 15,831 18,256 23,321 22, % 10 Elephants % Total 25,380,237 27,569,405 31,613,876 32,487,499 34,223, % B. Commercial Animal Production Table below shows the proogress of the commercial animal production from year of 2015 to It shows that the number of cattle, buffaloes, and pigs have increased but the number of poultry has decreased in 6.4%. 33

36 Table of the commercial animal production from MAFF ANNUAL REPORT Year of 2015 Year of 2016 Compared year Number of animal Animal Types Farms Animal Animal (Head) Farms Farms (Head) (Head) Increase/ Increase/ (%) (%) Decreas Decreas Cattle, Buffaloes , ,95 Pigs , ,89 Poultry , ,37 Total , ,07 C. Total Household Livestock and Commercial Production The table below shows the overall progress of livestock raising as commercial and household across the country for five years from 2012 to The data in this table, the total number of livestock has increased steadily from 29,617,354 in 2012 to 42,183,394 in 2016 (Increase 12,566,040 equal to 42%). The comparison of 2015 and 2016 has increased by 1,430,000 heads equivalent to 3.51%. This growth rate exceeds a defined plan of 3 percent per year. Statistics Table of Household and Commercial Livestock Production No. Statistics of Livestock in the last five years ( ) Comparison Type of 2015 ន ង Livestock A B C =5/4 1 Cattle 3,372,212 3,425,952 3,053,481 2,903,420 2,897, % Household Livestock Production 2 Buffaloes 656, , , , , % 3 Pigs 1,952,321 2,067,975 2,360,823 2,357,839 2,371, % 4 Birds 19,374,139 21,429,519 25,630,027 26,688,675 28,402, % 5 Horses 12,394 10,850 9,161 7,637 5, % 6 Sheep % 7 Goats 11,995 15,831 18,256 23,321 22, % 8 Elephants ,56% Total ,34 1 Commercial Livestock Production Cattle ,882 6,446 13,289 23,188 74,49% 2 Buffaloes ,94% 3 Pigs , , , ,341 43,89% 4 Birds ,194,898 5,953,630 7,830,398 7,331,275-6,37% 5 Horses ,10% 6 sheep ,13% 7 Goats 1,728 5,187 4,988 5,547 6,258 12,82% Total ,575,285 6,340,052 8,265,894 7,960,387-3,70% 29,617,354 34,144,690 37,953,928 40,753,393 42,183,394 3,51% 34

37 1,952, ,290 2,067, , , ,525 2,208, ,341 2,438,079 2,360,823 2,735,717 2,357,839 2,774,364 2,371,283 2,970,624 MAFF ANNUAL REPORT Graphic shows the total Livestock statistical comparison D. Comparison of Production by Livestock Species Cambodia has two types of Livestock Production are Household and Commercial. So far, almost all the families have raised the livestock in in order to supply the need of the families and used for plowing in fields, but this raising purpose of such changes gradually shift production for domestic demand for the commercial. The change has increased actually in 2016, this commercial pig production was increased 20% which increased up 5% over The birds in 2016 were decreased of 1%. The decrease was caused by competition with the imported poultry with much lower price, however for the household poultry production are tasty and good market demands even though the price are higher than imported poultries. Cattle-Buffalo Production Table Type of Cattle and Buffalo (heads) Comparison Production and 2016 Household 4,029,150 4,045,066 3,595,308 3,409,585 3,420, Commercial 4,630 4,934 6,478 13,352 23, Total 4,033,780 4,050,000 3,601,786 3,422,937 3,443, Type of Production Pig Production Table Statistics of Swine Yearly (head) & 2016 Household 1,952,321 2,067,875 2,360,823 2,357,839 2,371, Commercial 256, , , , , Total 2,208,611 2,438,079 2,735,717 2,774,364 2,970, Graphic Swine Statistical Comparisons Number of Pig Comparision, ,100,000 2,600,000 2,100,000 1,600,000 1,100, , , Livestock raising by family Livestock raising by farm TOTAL 35

38 Compared Table for Birds Comparison Slaughterhouse, MAFF ANNUAL REPORT Type of Production Statistic of Birds Yearly (heads) Comparison &2016 Household 19,374,139 21,429,519 25,630,027 26,688,675 28,402, Commercial 3,974,291 6,194,898 5,953,630 7,830,398 7,331, Total 23,348,430 27,624,417 31,583,657 34,519,073 35,733, Animal and Meat Demands 2016 Demands: Development of urban, economic growth, change the manner of people's eating and growing population will increase demand for meat. There are many different data about the meat demand and supply in the country, but in the Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Development was approved in 2016, said that people who eat meat kg in average per person per year. Based on these statistics, there was forecasted the annual meat demands in 2016 is in need of meat totaling 289,091 tons among those 81,204 tons of beef, 183,497 tons of pork, 24,213 tons of birds, in heads about 676,701 head of cows and 3,669,949 head of pigs. Supply: As the report for animal slaughtered across country in 2016, including the import of livestock: (a). 128,904 heads of cattle and buffalos; (b). 894,108 head of pigs. This amount is less than the predicted for the year Graphic Statistic Comparison slaughtered animals ,000, , , , , , , ,296 2, , ,700 3, , ,841 4, , ,699 3, , , Buffalo Cattle Pig The complementary: due to insufficient local production to the demands, so in 2016, there were imported of live animals and local animal production to supply for the super markets, hotels and restaurants in which the imported by: 459,175 head of live pigs 3,722,420 head of live chickens and ducks 827,374 kgs of beef, pork, chicken and duck meats 58,442 kgs of meatballs and cheeses Table of Imports of Live Animals 2014 to 2016 Animal Slaughtered Comparison Yearly 2015 and 2016 Live fattening pigs (heads) 449, , , Live chickens and ducks (heads) 666,300 1,451,750 3,722, Goats and sheep (heads)

39 3.3 Breed Improvement Program Improving cattle breeds: imported cow and bull sperm, artificial breeding with local cattle. Currently has been bred in the province of Pursat, Kampong Speu and Takeo. Breeding results in 2016 in the three provinces of 245 heads in which the success breeding of 210 heads. In addition, the technical training program breeding cattle artificial events and programs to monitor and disseminate the techniques and benefits of a virtual artificial breeding cattle to officials, 25 municipalities and provinces. Improving Pig: Improved breeds of pigs through the importation of foreign swine breed stocks. These varieties placed artificial pig breeding center in Kampong Chhnang, Takeo, Battambang, Siem Reap, Kampong Cham, Tboung Khmum, Prey Veng and Svay Rieng. Currently, the breeding centers have been collecting sperm and artificial breeding virtual small-scale farmers. A total of 2016 breeding has 665 heads. 3.4 Animal Feeds Animal Feed and Uses: Although Cambodia is a country rich in raw materials for the production of animal feed, such as Corn, Cassava, Beans, Bran and Broken rice, Trash fish, Animal bones, etc. but a large number of raw materials are sold out to Vietnam and Thailand and imported Commercial Feed. But during the last few years, it has seen investment in continuous milling plant. Currently, there are 13 factories have been producing and selling local distribution. So, it seen that the imported feed decreased from 2015 onward. Graphic shows the comparison is more demand for imported animal feed and fodder from Animal waste management In fact, animal raising is an important role, but meanwhile, when the animal production is developed, it will have negative impacts on the environment due to emissions of greenhouse gas such as CH4, CO2, N2O and other gases. This causes an increase in heat water and air pollution, especially cause other infections. To prevent the adverse effects arising from the development of sector, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries focused on advancing the waste management business in animal business, Animal farms and Slaughterhouse etc.. Besides, also advised and required to Commercial farms to construct treatment pool of animal waste, to construct large scale of 37

40 biodigesters and small scale for managing waste from agriculture and households, in order not only to manage the waste can still reduce the impact of emissions of greenhouse gases, it will have negative impacts to the environment. In 2016, this family built biodigesters has a total of 1,433 kilns for 12 provinces including Kampong Cham, Tboung Khmum, Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, Kandal, Takeo, Kampong Chhnang, Pursat Kampong Thom, Kampot, and Siem Reap Provinces. 3.6 Animal Health In 2016, the situations of infectious diseases were reported in 212 cases, which is the most outbreak Food and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle. This year, despite several Disease Outbreak, but due to good preparation and arrangement, these infections can be prevented by not letting serious spread to neighboring s. Zoonosis Animal Disease has only one (01) case. Table of Animal Disease Status from The main infectious animal diseases FMD for Cattle and buffalos Pasteurellosis Black leg for Cattle and Buffalos Swine Fever PRRS Bird Flu Dissemination of Technical and Animal Production and Legislation The Animal Health and Production techniques are applied actively to transfer knowledge and new discoveries related technical regulations and legal policies, strategic planning and action plans related to the development of the sub-sector animal health and production. The media carried through meetings, seminars distributed document published, video file, broadcast television, interview, on its website and making presentations. The results of 2016 are as follows: Publish and distribute 10,000 copies Produce 03 Video stories on the European Union's support in the development of the livestock sector, Video on meat hygiene and Video Interview on Animal Meat Surveillance of Animal Meat Safety and meat on the market Broadcasting 05 Topics with National Television of Cambodia (TVK) on Development of Animal Health and Production, Video on Technical cattle livestock forage crop, Video on Cattle artificial breeding techniques, Video on Technical artificial pig breeding, Video on Swine, and poultry raising and Video on animal feed producing Dissemination of Technical Animal Health and Production 1478 People Demonstration on Sow Raising and Piglet Production 106 Demonstrations Demonstration on Local Chicken Raising 116 Demonstrations Demonstration on Planting techniques and using grass forage crops 60 Demonstrations Dissemination workshop on strategic planning framework Livestock Development Regulatory Blueprint technical documentation and other relevant information on its website ( that you have access to more than 30,

41 3.8 Research and Development of Animal Health and Production MAFF ANNUAL REPORT General Directorate of Animal Health and Production has its National Institute of Animal Health and Production. The institute is the role of surveillance research on Animal Health Diseases, animal species, animal feed poultry, and pharmaceutical to increase the capacity of officials involved with laboratory research monitoring evaluate the quality and efficiency of laboratory research and collaboration with the laboratories of various national and international organizations on the work of laboratory research involving animal health and animal production. To monitor and respond timely intervention, the National Institute of Animal Production and Animal Health Research regularly collected samples and outbreak analysis of those samples. As a result, in 2016, the samples collected some 7,626 samples. In it has been analyzed for viruses cause disease in parts virus approach has some 1,201 samples, Analysts bacteria has some 3,142 samples, Analysts parasite approach amounted to Samples hematology approach has 1,621 samples and Physiology diagnostic methods has 45 samples. Epidemiology methods to collect information and investigate animal disease research, including Food and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), bird flu, swine fever and other diseases in other municipal-provinces across the country. Institution has hot new system to get information from animal owners and stakeholders. The Institute is a member of the Technical Working Group for Zoonosis Animal Disease, and attended discussion meetings with the Ministry of Health, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) about zoonosis Animal Disease and planning and national implementation plan activities for the elimination of Rabies Animal Disease in Cambodia. The Institute has been monitoring bird flu type (A/H5N1) in Phnom Penh Market and Takeo Province in collaboration with the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia (IPC). In addition, the Institute also collaborate in research projects infectious animal as well as Zoonosis Animal disease such projects LACANET, ISPH (ADB-SPS), Predict 2 (USAID), EPT2 (USAID) and training programs on expert Epidemiology Science (CAVET2). In addition, the Institute has tried to train officials Animal Health and Production for District and the Province Level on the surveillance and research, and meetings with relevant officials and stakeholders in Kampong Cham, Prey Veng, Siem Reap, Kep-Kampot, Kratie, Kampong Thom, Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Speu, Syay Rieng, Tboung Khmum, Kampong Chhnang and Pursat Provinces that included a total of 1,039 people. The results of the analysis found some Viruses Animal and acted timely. Research Institute has also reaserch on local breeding bull sperm by collecting local varieties semen, store and breeding cattle tested with local cow varieties. 39

42 SECTION 4 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FISHERIES REFORM 4. Fisheries Sector Result In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, which has Fisheries Administration (FiA) as an assistance, has actively accomplished the duties with the achievement of the results on all parts of the fisheries sector, such as preparation of the regulation, strengthening of community fisheries, management of fisheries conservation s, suppression of fisheries violation, aquaculture development, establishment of community fish refuge ponds, research and extension, etc. In addition, the ready preparation of the royal degrees, sub-degrees, proclamations and a number of regulations were revised and adopted to comply accordingly for ensuring the effective management of the fisheries sector. Furthermore, the ministry collaborated with development partners for awareness raising of the Law on Fisheries, to strengthen capacity of officers, to strengthen community fisheries, to conduct extension on aquaculture techniques and fisheries conservation related to fisheries sector management. With the above progress, we can preliminarily evaluate that the deepening fisheries reform (second stage fisheries reform) of the Royal Government of Cambodia to abolish all country wide fishing lots for people to do family fishing and create conservation s has yielded positive outputs for the whole country citizens via family fishing which 1.5 million fishermen are participating in. Besides, the ministry has also amended the Law on Fisheries to implement according to the current development of the Kingdom of Cambodia. 4.1 Development of Community Fisheries Until 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries created 516 Community fisheries with total members of 332,168 persons (35% is women). Among those community fisheries, 475 community fisheries are inland community fisheries while 41 community fisheries are marine community fisheries and 394 community fisheries have been officially registered at Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Additionally, 5 Community fisheries have already arranged documents to be requesting to register at Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Moreover, there are 33 community fisheries which have been ready prepared documents, but still have been waiting for the singing of local authorities on the maps for requesting to register. For the expired community fisheries mandate of the incumbent community fisheries committee members, the elections to select new community fisheries committee members have carried out accordingly. 4.2 Fisheries Resource Conservation After the deepening fisheries reform with the release of all fishing lots in the whole country, there are 50 new fisheries conservation s and 631 fisheries conservation s in total of the countrywide (among those s 484 community fisheries fish sanctuaries). Until this 2016; 134 of eight-meter height poles and 59 of twelve meter height poles have been erected to demarcate the boundaries of fisheries conservation s; 17 ranger floating houses, 8 ranger concrete houses and 2 large ranger floating houses (made of Ferry Boats) have been constructed; and patrolling forces have been assigned to regularly perform patrolling activities. The other fisheries conservation activities are: - Conservation of coral reefs and sea-grass in the s of 4,050 hectares along coastal s, 40

43 - Planting flooded forest and mangroves in the s of 70 hectares, - Preparation of 97 broad-stock pools at the upper Mekong Areas in Kratie and Stung Treng province, - Releasing of 5 million fish seed/fingerlings and freshwater giant prawn seed (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to natural lakes, - Conservation of endangered species namely mangrove terrapins or estuarine terrapins (Batagur baska), sea turtles, Asian giant soft-shell turtles (Pelochelys cantorii), Siamese crocodiles (Crocodilus siamensis), freshwater dolphins/irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirotris), marine dolphins and seahorses (Hippocampus spp.), etc., that have increased in number between 10% to 15%. 4.3 Suppression of Fisheries Violation With the Order No. 01 Bor Bor and the Law on Fisheries as references, all level fisheries administration officers collaborated with local authorities and concerned competent authorities actively accomplish their work with particular attention to protection of fisheries conservation s for reducing illegal fishing practices. The real results of the crackdown on illegal fishing were 3,650 cases with a decrease 324 cases in comparison with last year, among them 3,069 cases were destruction of evidence, 385 cases were transactional fines, 169 cases were sent to the courts, 101 violators were imprisoned, and fines and selling of evidence were 385,011,000 Riels. The evidence which has dismantled to destroy and temporarily confiscated were 1,294,174 meters of mosquito set nets and nets, 175,230 meters of gillnets, 24,007 sets of mosquito bag nets and nets, 3,041 of creative home-made traps (lop ke chhnay), 153 sets of mosquito nets using with light, 388 of electrocuted gears, 607,916 fishing poles, 64 sets of fish bag nets (Dai Trey), 15,445 meters of bamboo fences (Robang Pruol), 77,124 square meters of brush parks, 411 batteries, released 1, 773, 250 snakehead fingerlings/seed (Channa triata and Chnana micropeltes) and 1,070, 500 catfish fries (Pangasius sp. fries), released 4,265 kg of brood-cockle (mollusk) seed and 113, 663 kg of mix fish species. In addition, 169 meetings to disseminate laws, legal regulation, and recommendations of leaders were held at the fields/communities with participation of 6,299 stakeholders and among them 986 persons were women. 4.4 Aquaculture Development Fish culture achieved 172,500 tons with an increase of 29,359 tons or 20.51% increase in comparison with previous year. The other activities are: - Crocodile farming is 307,000 crocodiles with an increase of 8,331 crocodiles from last year, - Fish seed production is 194 million fingerlings with an increase of 13.5 million fingerlings from last year, - Total hatcheries are 307 where 294 hatcheries belonged to citizens, - Through technical offering from fisheries administration officers, 62,000 families, who have been trained on fish farming techniques continuously, involve in fish culture activities and 154 persons of them are resource persons and extension workers at communities/fields. 4.5 Creation of Communities Fish Refuge Ponds To comply with the precious recommendations (diamond recommendations) of Samdech Techo Hun Sen stated in 2009 at Kep province, fisheries administration officers in all provinces have created 825 community fish refuge ponds (CFR) until 2016 and Kampong Speu province was the highest number of CFR with 173 CFRs. The activities result in an increase of rice field fisheries. 41

44 4.6 Development of Post-harvest Technology and Quality The work of post-harvest technology and quality are one important potential for fisheries sector to contribute to food security, supply of nutrition and livelihood of Cambodians and to national economic development. In 2016 the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries prepared a number of judicial procedures and technical guidelines namely, proclamation on the use of quality symbol of fisheries products, book instructed on fisheries product exports, technical guidelines on the compliance with Good Hygiene Product and Good Manufacturing Product (GHP and GMP), guidelines of HACCP, Code of Conduct for processing of frozen shrimp, dried shrimp, crab meat and fish sauce. Moreover, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries pays great attention to dispatch the skilled officers to collaborate with concerned competent authorities to suppress on the use of banned chemical substances, especially on imported fisheries products. 4.7 Research Research on inland and marine fisheries resources is well carried out in close cooperation with development partners, such as EU, UNIDO, MRC, FAO, WWF, IUCN, World Fish Center, etc. The Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute and the Marine Fisheries Research and Development Institute are the units that directly implement the research. The research results are published to disseminate in thousands of books. 4.8 Preparation of Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries The 10 Year Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries ( ) has been amended in collaboration with development partners through Technical Working Group on Fisheries Reform and has been adopted by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for official use; the Fisheries Administration has brought it to implement according to the real situations. 4.9 Fisheries Statistics The inland fisheries statistics in 2016 achieved 509,350 tons which consisted of: Dai Fisheries in 2016 achieved 13,950 tons equaling to % of 12,000 tons in the plan and increasing 524 tons in comparison with the same duration, Family fishing in fisheries domain in 2016 achieved 348,600 tons equaling to % of 344,000 tons in the plan increasing 9,331 tons in comparison with the same duration, Family fishing in rice fields in 2016 achieved 146,800 tons equaling to % of 144,000 tons in the plan increasing 11,590 tons in comparison with the same duration. Graph Showing Fisheries Production from Inland Capture, Marine Capture and Aquaculture, Marine capture in 2016 achieved 120,600 tons equaling to % of the plan (110,000 tons), increasing 100 tons, in comparison with the same duration. 42

45 - Aquaculture in 2016 achieved 172,500 tons equaling to 99.83% of the plan (172,800 tons), increasing 29,359 tons in comparison with the same duration Finance The revenue from fisheries sector is 2,397,390,079 Riels, consisting of 665,350,000 Riels from Dai Fisheries (fish bag nets) fee, 523,500,000 Riels from permanent collateral deposit money, 271,059,700 Riels from marine fishing fee, 343,011,000 Riels from fines and selling evidence, 35,000,000 Riels from last year dept, 320,880,000 Riels from Public Service, and 238,589,379 Riels from others. 43

46 SECTION 5 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FORESTRY REFORM 5. Forestry Sector Result 5.1 Permanent Forest Demarcation In 2016, the permanent forest demarcation was achieved 100% in total of 574 concrete poles: 143 in Kampong Thom province, 143 in Pursat province, 143 in MundulKiri province and145 in Prey Veng province. The 2014 forest land cover assessment and forest land cover change in 2006, 2010 and 2014 were finalized and published. Meanwhile, in 2016, the Forestry Administration completed the collection of satellite images LANDSAT8 for assessing 2016 forest land cover assessment and cooperated with FFPRI to verify 120 spots on the ground in order to produce forest cover map in Mundulkiri, Rattanakiri, Koh Kong, Pursat and Battambang. 5.2 Community Forestry Submitted the draft Prakas on establishment and community forestry management to MAFF for 42 community forestry (CF) covered 41,313 hectares. In the amount, there are 6 CF in Stung Treng which covers 16,606 hectares, 20 CF in Siem Reip which covers 12,729 hectares, 1 CF in Pursat which covers hectares and 15 CF in Kompong Speu which covers hectares. Approved 24 community forestry management plans which covers hectares. In the amont, there are 2 CF in Stung Treng which covers 1,370 hectares, 5 CF in Kratie which covers 4,618 hectares, 8 CF in Kampong Thom which covers hectares, 6 CF in Kampong Speu which covers 717 hectares and 3 CF in Pursat which covers 103 hectares In 2016, total number of community forestry has increased to 580 while in 2014, this number was 499 community forestry. Community Forestry Number of CF approved Total CF

47 5.3 Reforestation There are 1,656,764 seedlings produced and distributed to villagers. The amount was collected from FA nurseries, Samdech Techo Hun Sen nurseries and private nurseries. The total reforestation is 2, hectares. Among which, 350 hectares are new plantation, 15 hectares are agro-forestry plots, 1, hectares were planted by the economic land concession companies, 375 hectares were planted by partners and hectares were planted in Abhor Day. The National Abhor Day celebrated on 9 July in Thomcheat Samdech Techo Village, Sro Em Commune, Chom Ksan District, Preah Vihea Province, high presided over by Samdech Vibol Sena Pheakdey Say Chhum, high representative of His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni. 5.4 Research Development and Training Ten research projects were implemented such as (1) Water cycle research in Mekong subregion (2) GMS biodiversity conservation corridors Project (3) Reforestation encouragement in Cambodia and Vietnam through establishment of sampling plots and improvement of seedlings distribution channels (4) Forest rehabilitation plan in Prek Tnout watershed based on landscape (5) Establishment of forest genetic research centre for restoring important species in Cambodia(6) Counterpart project with Wildlife Alliance to release wildlife in Koh Kong and Siem Riep Province (7) Sustainable forest management through REDD+ in Kampong Thom (8) Counterpart project with WCS at Roka Thmey office in Mundulkiri (9) Counterpart project with Conservation International in Central Cardamom in Koh Kong and Kampong Speu Province(10) Counterpart project in Preah Vihea protected forest. 5.5 Forestry Law Enforcement In 2016 The Royal Government of Cambodia established national committee to prevent and suppress forest offenses in North-eastern part, resulting forest offensives in large scale decreased. Illegal logs were found in economic land concession companies in Phnom Prich wildlife sanctuary of Mundulkiri and Kratie province. Beside the mentioned action, the Forestry Administration prevented and suppressed illegal logging and land encroachment in total of 1,490 cases and if compared to 2015, it decreased 699 cases. Among those cases, the 380 cases were taken in transitional punishment and 1,110 cases were taken legal action and submitted to the courts. The 208 cases of forestland encroachment, equal to 5,213 hectares, have been sent to the courts and 295 chainsaws were confiscated. 45

48 5.6 Forestry and Wildlife Conservation - Collected 3,433 samples from 321 rats to analyse virus infection and diseases in Mundulkiri, Kampong Thom and Preah Vihea Provinces. - Collected 1,367 samples from 486 bats to analyse virus infection in Kandal, Battambang and Kampot Provinces. - Fed vultures for 9 times in Mekong flooded in Stung Treng and Kratie province and 17 vultures were counted. The 11 nests of small adjutants, 21 nests of white-shouldered ibises, 17 nests of river terns and a nest of white-rumped vultures were protected in Mekong flooded in Kratie and Stung Treng Provinces. - The Royal Government of Cambodia made the forestry reform and decided to transfer 13 protected forest equivalents to 1,684,755 hectares and 5 others equivalent to 951,325 hectares which are in the process for protected forest preparation to the Ministry of Environment management. The Ministry of Environment transferred back the economic land concession. 5.7 Industry and Trade - Technically checked locations of 15 companies which proposed to establish saw-mills and proposed for extending the license validity for 27 companies. - Non-timber forest products export decreased and only 4 companies exported 3,041 m 3 of processed wood and 160 tons of resin and 4 companies imported 1,122 m 3 of processed timber. 5.8 Revenue from Forest Sector Forestry Administration on behalf of MAFF has collected revenue from forestry sector and public service related forestry with total amount 23,650,211,379 Riels. The amount was transferred to the accounts of state revenue and National Forest Development Fund in the amount of 19,877,168,957 Riels and paid for rewards in the amount of 6,780,886,441 Riels. 5.9 International cooperation in forestry There are 27 projects implemented by 17 Development Partners and 27 projects implemented by 5 NGOs, 1 project implemented by a company and 09 projects implemented by RGC to support the National Forest Programmes; There are 150 officers including the forestry administration leaders and staffs boarding to 18 countries in order to engage in 38 seminars, 43 meetings, and 4 study tours. The significant meetings are 1) the Asian Expert Group on convention on International trade in extinct species (12 th AEG-CITES) and Asian Wildlife enforcement Network in Siem Reap province. 2) Engaged in proposal defending on establishing biodiversity center at Council for Development of Cambodia (CDC) funding from Korea successfully. 3) 37 th Asian Ministerial meeting on Agriculture from August 2016 in Puerto Princessa Philippine. 4) Asian senior officer meeting on August, 2016 in Laos. Establishment Korea-Mekong forest Cooperation Center in Phnom Penh in order to coordinate the cooperation fund in forestry sector for Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. 46

49 SECTION 6 ACHIEVEMENTS ON SUPPORT SERVICE AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 6. Support Service and Human Resource Development 6.1 Results of Policy Implementation and Private Investment A. Agricultural Strategic Development Plan In the 5 th mandate of the Royal Government of Cambodia laid out the Rectangular Strategy Phase-III remains agriculture as a priority sector to contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction. The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) was officially launched in July Based on this, in consistent with NSDP , MAFF has also formulated its Agricultural Strategic Development Plan (ASDP) In this ASDP, MAFF has defined 5 programs, 63 sub-programs and more than 500 activities to implement its ASDP. To formulate this ASDP with inclusive and effective manners, 4 consultations meetings had been conducted (1 st meeting was in October 2014, 2 nd meeting was in December 2014, 3 rd meeting was March 2015, and the 4 th meeting was in May 2015) with participated from heads of all central and provincial departments of MAFF, line ministries, concerned institutions, involved development partners, NGOs, and civil societies aiming to make this document be better, transparently, and smoothly among sub-sectors in the whole sector and other relevant sectors. In general, ASDP was formulated aimed at contribution to the economic growth and poverty reduction. This sector strategy was developed to implement and to promote the agricultural economic growth, to export agricultural production, and to manage and conserve sustainable natural resources. This ASDP was officially launched in January 2016 and it was a strong basis for formulation of budget strategic plan (3 years rolling plan) and annual program budgeting. So far, all tasks had been successes fully done. B. Budget Strategic Plan 2017 The Budget Strategic Plan (BSP) 2017 was formulated based on Rectangular Strategy Phase- III of the Royal Government of Cambodia, National Strategic Development Plan , and Agricultural Strategic Development Plan This BSP was also aligned with the Circular No.04 dated 09 June 2016 of the Royal Government of Cambodia. This BSP is the key tool and mechanism to increase efficiency and efficacy of budget in the framework of the public financial reform program through direction of budget allocation for prioritized activities to achieve the policies, strategies and priorities in sustainable development of agriculture. In the meantime, BSP 2017 focused on the enhancement of agricultural productivities, diversifications, and commercialization, especially the research, agricultural techniques extension, strengthening the sub-national service support, and promote animal production and aquaculture so as for food security and improve livelihoods of people to get out of poverty. This BSP had also included the implementation the Royal Government s policy on promotion of paddy production and rice export. Furthermore, the two strategic programs had also continued preparing and implementing with aiming to achieve the sustainable management of natural resources (forestry and fisheries). The indicators setting and targeted indicators by each 47

50 program were clear and eased for monitoring and evaluating programs, sub-programs, and activity clusters which were used government and development partner s budgets. C. Formulation of Policy on Bio Digester in Cambodia Bio-digester plays important role in reduction of GH from animal production to environment, management of waste from animal production. In Cambodia, the National Bio Digester program is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and executed by General Directorate of Animal Health and Animal Production. The process of this work has passed many stages and much more remarkable progress. However, at the present time, the specific policy framework responding to the actual context and demand which related to the promotion of bio digester development is yet to formulate. As needed, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries established a technical working group to formulate policy of bio-digester development in Cambodia. As a results, the policy paper was developed aligning with RGC s strategy and aiming to promote the development and sustainable and effective utilization of bio digester, and joined implementing the Cambodia sustainable development goal. Vision: People and rural communities have access to good health, better livelihoods, and sustainable environment through the expansion of livestock production and effective and sustainable utilization of bio-digester in Cambodia. Objective: To promote effective and sustainable development and utilization of bio-digester aiming to supply rural renewable energy, to improve agricultural production, as well as to contribute the increasing living standards of farmers, rural communities, and other stakeholders which will be joined implementing the Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals. Target: (1) To sustain building capacity and increasing the dissemination of bio digester technologies to farmers, Bio Digester User Communities, and other stakeholders so as for increasing construction of bio digesters with quality throughout the country; (2) To extent the bio digester technology research and development in order to increase the efficiency of utilization aiming to take much more advantages; (3) strong support from the government and development partners, and to promote private sector and other stakeholders the development and establishment of bio digesters so as for high effective animal waste management, and (4) to increase carbon credit to support the sustainable bio digester development. D. Formulation of Agricultural Development Master Plan 2030 MAFF s Technical Working Group on the formulation of medium and long terms agricultural development master plan has endeavoured to design and formulate the content of agricultural development master plan 2030 with remarkable results, especially having set the vision, mission, goal, and policy goals as follows: Vision: A modern Agriculture Sector which is competitive, inclusive, resilient and sustainable to ensure food security and safety as well as nutrition for the prosperity and wellbeing of Cambodian people, Mission: Provide high quality services with a sound scientific, technological and legislative base for developing an efficient and sustainable Cambodian agriculture sector, Policy Goal: Increase agricultural growth by around 5% per annum and expand agricultural exports with high quality and safety through enhancing agricultural productivity, value added and enabling competition, taking into account the sustainable use of land and ensuring sustainable fisheries and forestry resource management. 48

51 E. Government - Private Sector Rice Forum The MAFF leads to conduct the Government-Private Sector Rice Forum, which was held on 16 August 2016 with the participation of members of the working groups, both government and private sector. This forum aims to review and discuss the challenges of the private sector, which has proposed deal for boosting the development of the Cambodia rice sector to progress high efficiently. The forum discussed the agenda, several important parts (1) discussed about mechanisms to support and cooperate from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, provincial technical departments, concerned institutions and development partners on the establishment of the regional and provincial rice working groups (2) the private sector requested the support of the creation of certification mark specifies the characteristics of goods and services to facilitate the Cambodia Rice Federation take to advertising. (3) the private sector proposed to increase the pure rice seed production (4) discussion on SPS for rice exports and the issue of rice imported into Cambodia (5) discussion of the status of official rice exports, of the secretariat one window office (6) discussion on the expansion of infrastructure, irrigation systems, roads, transportation and electricity to increase production and reduce costs for the competition. In response to the request of the private sector, MAFF requested a decision from the Government in two points: (1). Requests to establish the regional and provincial rice working groups, which will be chaired by H.E Governor or the Deputy Governor and the participation of all relevant departments at the provincial level. (2). Requests to establish SPS check points at the borders to check for proper hygiene and sanitary to ensure food safety and public welfare in the country. As a result, the Government approved the proposal through a letter No. 942 SCN dated September 17, The Working Group of Government-Private Sector Rice Forum had another meeting on November 30, 2016 that the meeting proceed according to two main agendas (1) review the progress of the outcomes of Rice Forum on 16 August 2016 (2) examine and address the challenges that were faced in the agricultural value chain in accord with the letter No SHV dated 02 November 2016 of the Committee on Economic and Financial Policy. The results of this meeting are as follows: (1) Review the progress of the 1st Meeting: In response private sector requested, and according to notice No SCN, dated 07 September 2016, the Royal Government agreed on 2 points 1) to establish a Provincial Rice Working Group and 2) to create a SPS Check Points at the border to controlling hygiene and sanitary in the rice import and export. A) The procedures and mechanism of formation of a provincial working group The Working Group of Government-Private Sector Rice Forum discussed the possibility of forming Provincial Rice Working Group and agreed to create only at the main rice producing provinces. Decision to let the private sector to prepare a drafting TOR of the Provincial Rice Working Group and the lists of representatives of the private sector who are participating from each province sent to Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to review and sent to H.E Governors to create a this rice provincial working group accordingly. 49

52 B) The establishment of control post through the Export-Import So far, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has built 05 SPS offices at the main borders and is preparing a Sub-Decree to locate SPS posts, a joint Prakas on SPS judicial police and the joint declaration on determination of SPS inspection fee. (2). Review and resolve the challenges encountered in the agricultural production value chain The meeting discussed excitedly about the challenges that have been going on in the value chain of agricultural production, including inputs (problem of seed varieties, fertilizers, pesticides...) the problem relating to offering agricultural techniques to farmers/agricultural community, market issues, deficiencies in the implementation of Contract Farming System, the issue of high production and processing costs (especially electricity prices, interest rate, warehousing, transport...) etc. The meeting also debated the key issues raised and agreed measures following. 1). Mechanism for connecting key stakeholders in agricultural value chain The meeting agreed that the need to implement mechanisms link between key stakeholders in the agricultural production chain, including "public-private producer/agricultural community partnership". Overall, the agricultural community/cooperative is a large-scale producer to supply to processing and export under the assistance of the state and the private sector (especially, production techniques, capital... etc.) and the associated market by implementing the Contract Farming System. The private sector is being asked to choose the agricultural community as a partner to produce and implement the mechanisms of agricultural production contract farming. In this case, MAFF also been oriented to support any particular technical assistance, produce high yield seed in accordance with market demand, provide technical crop maintenance and strengthen the agricultural community in ensuring the implementation of the mechanism of production contract farming. In addition, the meeting also heard about the key foundation solution for addressing marketing issue, is the promotion of the establishment of "Agricultural Special Economic Zone." This is important mechanism to stimulate the agricultural economy to grow and this is the key for further Implementation linking between the three main actors in the value chain: "public-private agricultural community." 2). Credit problems for agricultural production chain The meeting noted the progress of the Government Special Credit Scheme presented by the representative of Rural Development Bank (RDB). As of the time reported, the Rural Development Bank provided loans to millers with the amount of $ 1.5 million, about 5.5% of the planned credit of 27 million US dollars by requiring grain stocks for a mortgage. The size of the loan is 70% of the rice stocks collateral. Credit is the catalyst that is used for short-term interest rate of 7% and capital will be returned back to the government in May The meeting requested Cambodia Rice Federation continues to discuss details with the Rural Development Bank of the mechanism to provide more loans in accordance with the actual requirements. 50

53 In relation to this investment capital, the representative of the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) confirmed that in order to contribute and facilitate the agricultural sector, NBC conducted meeting with commercial banks and microfinance institutions, and submitted a report to Committee on Economy and Finance Policy and the Bankers' Association reported that the capital of about US $ 300 million is available to help to this sector and agreed to lowering the interest rate as possible. 3). Rice shipments through Thailand for export The private sector requested the meeting to discuss the proposal to use Lam Chhabang Port (Thailand) to facilitate the Cambodia rice transportation for export to international markets. The representative from the Ministry of Commerce informed the meeting that the ministry is discussing with Thai counterpart for implementing the principle of transit goods. 4). Issue of electricity price for serving the agricultural sector Higher electricity issue was also raised in the meeting. The private sector requested to review the possibility in further electricity discounts for agricultural production, especially in the use of night time. A representative of the Ministry of Mines and Energy confirmed the meeting about the cost of electricity. To contribute to reducing the production costs, the Ministry has a supportive budget of US$ 6 million for assistance to reduce the price of electricity to farmers (480 Riels/kwh for agricultural production in the night time), while miller discounted to $ /kwh. The meeting proposed that the Ministry of Mines and Energy to be provide application form, locations to submit the request for preferential electricity price to farmers or cooperatives. 5). Time of request to export The private sector requested to consider further reducing the time of completing export procedure. Currently in One Window Office (at the CDC) has officials stationed from five institutions, however, the procedure to request for rice export is much reduced. The time consuming, longer or shorter, in the export process is SPS measure, while the goods contained infectious materials. If diagnosed with compounds abomination that is really needed more time to implement SPS measures. The meeting requested to review procedures further to reduce the administrative procedures as much as possible, and leave enough time for implementation of the technical procedure for the exportation. F. Private Investment in Agriculture The RGC has granted the Economic Land Concession (ELC) aiming to encourage and attract private investment, both domestic and overseas countries for development of agro-industry in an intensive manner and diversification with contributing the rural job creation, increasing the living standards, promoting export of the agricultural products for national revenue and economic development. As of 2016, there are totally 229 companies that have been signed the contract with MAFF and MOE and remained valid. These investment projects operated in 18 provinces with the total land contracted of about 1.53 million hectares. The achievement was reported as follows: - Land clearance: 504,658 hectares - Cultivation: 430,631 hectares; 51

54 - Construction: Constructed all types of road system of 10,701 Kilometres; - Labour Forces: Total labour forces of including of Khmer staffs, of Khmer labourers, of temporary labourers and 1,776 of foreign technical staffs and experts. To continue sustainable management and effective ELC development, the following instructions has been provide by MAFF: 1. Request all ELC investment companies to expedite agro-industrial crops production based on the workplan and production plan as stated in detail in the master plan of each company, and need to cooperate closely with the agricultural provincial departments with good and firm monitoring from the local forestry administration officers to ensure the proper and effective utilization of land. 2. In case of the land conflicts hindering the investment operation, work closely with the ministry especially with Conflict Resolution and Coordination Committee, which has been newly established to resolve the conflicts, complaints, and suggestions from the people pertaining to the ELC investment projects by strict implementation of the announcement letter issued by the RGC in conformity to the reports of inter-ministerial committee for monitoring, measurement and evaluation of ELCs. 3. For the companies which have not been registered, promote and expedite the land registration in a fast and timely manner in good cooperation with Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and relevant ministries/institutions especially Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction and local authorities. In line with this process, the ministry will make land transformation request to convert public state land into private state land based on the land title data correctly registered. 4. According to the information notice letter (Sor.Chor.Nor) of the RGC, ELC investment companies, who already solved the conflicts, are required to work with MAFF to prepare the renewal of the contract on the impact-free land and to revise the investment duration from 70 years to 50 years in compliance with the reports of inter-ministerial committee for monitoring, measurement and evaluation of ELCs. ELC investment companies with new contracts are required to review and revise the master plan based on the new land s. 5. ELC investment companies, which reach deadline for the land payment, are required to pay the fee of the ELCs in compliance with guideline and procedures, and to cooperate well with ELC land fee collection committee 6. The companies, who received the approval of the investment before the Directive No. 1 dated 7 May, 2012 of the RGC, are required to continue the procedures implementation in compliance with investment guideline of the RGC. 7. All ELC investment companies are required to have the full reports of environment and social impact assessment (ESIA), which is the requirement for helping sustainable development and contributing to the reduction of the conflict. With this necessity, MAFF suggests the companies to expedite the production of the ESIA report, and to submit to the ministry as soon as possible. 8. Ministries, relevant institutions and provincial state land management authorities are required to cooperate and manage the withdrawn ECLs in a responsible manner to avoid any anarchic land possession and to take legal actions in a fast manner. 9. Continue to enforce the law and policies, and strengthen institutional mechanism to promote commercial activities and agricultural exports, improved processing capacity, further improved trade facilitation including one-stop service mechanism, enhanced logistical system, improved agricultural produces with international standard, increased capacity of financing with appropriate price, improved partnership between farmers and 52

55 traders and between large-scale agro-industry with family agriculture through the implementation of contract farming, and contribution to the reduction of migration of the people. 6.2 Public Financial Management In order to implement the law on the Public Finance for the Administration in 2017 effectively, the RGC has issued the Order number 263 dated 26 th December 2016 on the Distribution of National Revenue by chapter of law on the Public Finance for the Administration in 2017 and the Order number 264 dated 26 th December 2016 on the Distribution of National Expenses by chapter of law on the Public Finance for the Administration in Based on the laws and orders mentioned above, the Ministry of Economy and Finance has issued the Declaration number 1552 dated 26 th December 2016 on the Delivery of Duty on collecting the national revenue for 2017, and the Declaration number 1554 dated 26 th December 2016 on the Distribution of National Expenses by sector, by economic category, by program category of the budget content for the management within the year of In the new context of 2017 s budget law, it is named as the budget combining between power and resources with well-prepared policy measures in order to achieve important results which were determined in the program policy of the government within the context of regional and international economy in order to reach a real change, and obtain a development with quality and sustainability. The revenue collection and expenses of the year 2016 of the MAFF achieved as follows: The revenue collection for 2016 reached 38, million riels, about 93% of the budget law. The expenses at the central level of 2016 reached 122, million riels, about 91% of the budget law. This result clearly shows that MAFF has implemented the budget in the best way. The budget implementation of the five programmes of MAFF: -Programme 1: implemented 18,297,970,000 Riels, about 92% of the 2016 s budget law (19,824,200,000 Riels) -Programme 2: implemented 8,021,000,000 Riels, about 72% of the 2016 s budget law (11,159,700,000 Riels) -Programme 3: implemented 13,729,920,000 Riels, about 98% of the 2016 s budget law (13,729,920,000 Riels) -Programme 4: implemented 9,656,440,000 Riels, about 84% of the 2016 s budget (11,493,900,000 Riels) -Programme 5: implemented 72,876,940,000 Riels, about 93% of the 2016 s budget law (78,239,790,000 Riels) 6.3 International Cooperation International Cooperation The efforts have been undertaken to achieve satisfactory results of international cooperation as follows: - Coordinated and collaborated with other countries, where leaders, senior officials and officials of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries totally 406 persons have been nominated to attend conferences, meetings, workshops, training courses, study tours, etc. 53

56 - Coordinated with French Center for Agriculture Research and International Development to sign the MOU on Cooperation in Cambodia s Rubber Sector; - Coordinated the discussion with the Ministry of Agriculture of Malaysia on the MOU on Cooperation in Agriculture Sector, as a result, the final draft MOU has been agreed; - Coordinated the signing of 9 Project Agreements with 6 International NGOs namely FAO, FIDR, Charity Cow for Cambodia, Dana Asia, IVY, and CWS; - Coordinated the signing of MOU with CIAT Institute, Save the Children Organization, and FAO on the FAO Country Programming Framework to support the development of Agriculture Sector in Cambodia; - Organized the World Day to combat desertification and World Food Day; - Signed the Protocol with AQSIQ of China on the Export of Milled and Broken Rice to China; - Developed Cambodia-Thailand Agriculture Cooperation Program, ; - Submitted 12 project proposals to the Indian Embassy in Cambodia; - Submitted 6 ODA Proposals to CDC for further submitting to Japan; - Coordinated with the Ministry of Economic and Finance in order to request the support for the Project Concept Note by Tied Aid Loan to be submitted to Hungry and Chian. Under ASEAN Framework, the ASEAN Member States including Cambodia have endorsed the following key documents: - Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the Strategic Plan of Action for the ASEAN Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry, The ASEAN Food Safety Regulatory Framework (AFSRF) - Intra-ASEAN Phyto-sanitary Guidelines for the importation of i) mango fruit for consumption and ii) corn for planting materials - Revised Principles of Harmonization for the Establishment of ASEAN MRLs - List of 4 ASEAN MRLs for i) Lambda Cyhalothrin in Chinese broccoli (Chinese kale), ii) Thiamethoxam in basil leaves, iii) Emamectin Benzoate in basil leaves, and iv) Lufenuron in carambola (star fruit) - ASEAN Standards for Bitter Gourd, Loofah, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Head Lettuce - Strategic Plan of Action for ASEAN Cooperation on Crops ( ) - Strategic Plan of Action for the ASEAN Cooperation in Livestock ( ) - ASEAN Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHP) for Animal Welfare and Environmental Sustainability Module - The Plan of Action for the ASEAN Rabies Elimination Strategy - Certificate of Approval for the Re-accreditation of National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory - Strategic Plan of Action on ASEAN Cooperation in Fisheries ( ) - ASEAN Regional Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity (RPOA- Capacity) - Regional Guidelines on Traceability System for Aquaculture Products in the ASEAN Region; - The Strategic Plan of Action for ASEAN Cooperation on Agricultural Cooperatives ( ); - The Strategic Plan of Action for ASEAN Cooperation on Forestry ( ) - Work Plan for Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) in ASEAN ( ) - The Strategic Plan of Action for ASEAN Cooperation on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Measures ( ). 54

57 6.3.2 Cooperation with Development Partners A. Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project (TSSD) Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project (TSSD) is designed to increase to agricultural productivity and improve access to markets created in 196 communes in 28 districts in five target provinces Banteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, Kampong Thom, Kampong Cham and Tboung Khmum. The Project has three Components: (i) Commune development through Block Grants (NCDDS); (ii) Agricultural Productivity Enhancement (MAFF/GDA & MPTC); and (iii) Effective Project Management (all IAs). The project with a total budget of USD million was approved for implementation commencement (i.e. date of effectiveness of ADB Loan/Grant) in March 2010 and will finish all its field operations at the end of As of the end of 2016, TSSD has spent 85% of its planned time and made overall physical progress of 92%. It has disbursed USD (or 87.7%) of its planned budget. The project has implemented its field program with over thirty thousand small households by providing group revolving fund to 1,200 smallholder families, constructing/rehabilitating rural infrastructure (685 sub-projects) supporting agricultural productivity, providing field training (+field demonstrations on improved agricultural practices crop production, livestock raising and aquaculture) to around 107,168 farmers (64,223 females), production and distribution of quality rice seeds of over 2,850 tons and production and distribution of extension and technical materials (printed manuals/posters, leaflets, radios and training VDOs) to agriculture officers and extension workers and for wider share with public through the project website at In 2016 the main activities and achievements under MAFF/GDA component are as follows: Organization of four provincial workshops on agricultural extension policy which were attended by 173 participants (26 females). Finalization of Vision and Master Plan for Cambodia Crop Vision by The two agriculture stations (Balang in Kampong Thom and Teuk Vil in Siem Reap) produced 40 tons of rice certified seed of different varieties including Phka Rumduol, Phka Romiet, Phka Rumdeng, Raing Chey, Sen Pidor and Chulsar. The two stations bought (through pre-production agreement/contract farming arrangement) 77 tons of commercial rice seed from 19 rice seed producer groups (RSPGs). Provision of technical supervisions and supports to 35 RSPGs to produce a total 960 tons of commercial rice seed. Facilitation and support for registration of 13 farmer producer groups (for GAP vegetable and rice seed) to become agricultural cooperatives. Organization of 478 field technical agriculture training (+ field demonstration + GAP vegetable farmer field school) for 12,043 farmers (6,503 females). Printing of technical manuals on native chick production (1,000 copies), Muscovy duck raising (500 copies) and 275 training posters on Muscovy duck raising, fish raising, frog raising, mushroom growing and safe use of pesticides. Production and broadcasting of 51 provincial radio (+call-in) programs on successful farmer experiences on different improved practices and 11 provincial TV programs on the project activities and achievements. 55

58 B. promotion of inclusive and sustainable growth in the Agricultural Sector: Fisheries and Livestock Sub-Sector Component Program: Promotion of inclusive and sustainable growth in the Agriculture Sector: Fisheries and Livestock is a program that provides grants of the European Union to the Ministry of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries, which has amounted 20 million Euros and the contribution of the Royal Government of Cambodia of 6 million Euros. The program is for 5 years starting the year The main purpose of this program is to enhance economic growth - society in a sustainable manner through the development of Fisheries sub-sector component and livestock sub-sector component with fully support from the Royal Government of Cambodia, Civil Society and Development Partners which implementing strategy based on (Programme-Based Approach- PBA). Total budget of 26 million euros for Agricultural reform, focusing to improve on agricultural sector policy and working system of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to develop for fishing and livestock production activities in a sustainable manner in Cambodia. B.1 Policy Component Result 1- Policy and planning framework developed, including the new Agricultural Master Plan formulation: The programme has made remarkable progresses through some publication of policy documents and plans such as (1) Agricultural Strategic Development Plan , (2) Gender Mainstreaming Policy and Strategic Framework in Agriculture , (3) Childhood Development and Protection Policy and Strategic Framework in Agriculture , and (4) MAFF Action Plan for the Implementation of the Cambodia Industrial Development Policy both in Khmer and English version. Guidebook for Investors in the Agricultural Sector was prepared and consulted among line departments of MAFF. Result 2- Human Resources Development in MAFF: The Human Resource Development Policy for MAFF was prepared and reviewed by the head of HRD Department. Action plan for the implementation of the HRD Policy was also developed. Result 3- Support the emergence of strong civil society partners in development of the sector: Although the programme called for the proposals from civil society partners to apply for the grant, there were no any civil society partners selected for the grant under the sector policy component due to D+3 rule passed. Result 4: Strategy for private sector based financing of smallholders production and agricultural value chains development: Some key activities have been implemented including (1) the improvement of the market website, (2) the conduct of seven (07) training courses on Farmers Marketing School, and (3) conduct of six (06) training courses on the submission of market information. Result 5: Support to the Technical Working Group on Agriculture and Water (TWG-A&W) Secretariat: With the support from this program, TWG-AW organized five (05) meetings including two (02) consultation meetings on Localization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for MAFF, developed TWG-AW website as an information hub for sharing agriculture and water related documents and policies with the members and also the public, endorsed TWG-AW Workplan 2016, prepared and approved the Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs) Progress Report and the revised JMIs , and officially established three (03) Sub-TWGs including agricultural extension, livestock, and irrigation scheme management respectively. 56

59 Result 6: MAFF systems reform and systems capacity building: the EU-funded programme provided the support for strengthening agricultural statistic system through cassava yield survey, improving the capacity of monitoring and evaluation via the training on computer for statistic work, and conducting the training on environmental impact assessment (EIA). B.2 Livestock Component Expected result 1: Reinforcement of livestock-related systems and institutes Strengthening capacity building in programme implementation and management and total 57 courses were conducted with 280 participants, including 64 women. Plan Developments: There were 3 important plans produced including: - Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Development in 10 years: Draft of Implementation Plan on control of priority livestock diseases - Draft of strategic plan for faculty of animal science and faculty of veterinary medicines for Royal University of Agriculture. Strengthening on animal health service consistent with the standards of world animal health: there were discussing and planning to control of infectious animal diseases to the involved stakeholders which 41 participants include 7 women participated and attended meetings to discuss on these issues. There were 3 training courses in Thailand with 7 participants include 3 women participated. Intervention of the animal disease outbreaks: have been conducting as monthly meetings and system reporting on status of animal diseases which 70 outbreak cases were responses and taken samples from sick animals in total of 465 samples. The intervention were provided with 390 veterinary kits, 949 heads of cattle and buffaloes vaccinated and 2,303 heads of animals were treated. Strengthening the Animal Health Services: There were several discussion and planning to control of infectious priority animal diseases with the relevant 58 participants, and supported to do bio-security at the animal farms, slaughterhouses, markets in 25 province in 50 times with a total of 1,750 farmers including 150 women and supported the several vaccinations on FMD, black leg and HS for cattle and buffaloes in 25 provinces. Strengthening on management of slaughterhouses, hygiene, meats and animal production: has been strengthening the implementation of the Anukret 108 on the management of slaughterhouses, hygiene, meats and animal production to the owners of slaughterhouses, the traders of slaughtering, meat and animal producers at slaughterhouses and markets in 22 times in 20 provinces, and at the 151 slaughterhouses across country which involvement of 442 participants include 135 women and one workshop conducted to follow up the achievements on compliance to anukret 108 standards with a total of 54 participants include 15 women, provided supports of 95 meat transportation boxes/containers and 5 demo on meat transportation trailers to OAHPs for showing the implementation of good hygiene in the transportation of meat in 25 provinces. In addition, the training for meat inspectors were conducted on meat hygiene, meats and animal products to the officers of the Offices of Animal Health and Productions in 7 provinces includes: Pursat, Battambang, Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, Takeo, Kampong Speu and Kampot, with 145 participants including 21 women. In that part, the media were created namely 57

60 ( which more than 30,000 readers accessed, plus other technical documents and video documentary and video clips and have broadcasted through public media system. Expected result 2: strengthening of the village animal health worker system Animal Disease Control: having reporting system in place on the status of animal diseases as well as supporting activities and veterinary materials and kits for cattle and buffaloes infection, prevention vaccination in 25 provinces. Improved capacity building of 270 VAHWs on how to use and how to vaccinate on FMD diseases for cattle and buffaloes and supported to the 320 VAHWs in doing FMD vaccination campaign to 92,372 heads of cattle and buffaloes and supported the activities to collect the blood samples of cattle and buffaloes before the first time of vaccination taken, before the second time of vaccination and collected 1,200 samples of flood samples after FMD injections. In cooperation with civil society and development partners: signed a contract with AVSF on 20 June 2016 name Project for Strengthening Capacities and System of VAHWs to Boost Incomes in Cambodia. The contract requires AVSF and 2 Partners to conduct several trainings to 200 new VAHWs and refresher trainings to existing 1,900 VAHWs, formation of 12 Agriculture Cooperatives (ACs) and provide indirect beneficiaries to approximately 94,500 people. Major achievements includes promoting the project to stakeholders and selected target groups which including the existing 1,900 VAHWs and 201 new VAHWs. AVSF have been conducting the refresher training sessions on animal health and production foundations such as on parasites, good animal husbandry for pigs, cattle, chickens and its diseases, veterinary drug uses, one health concept, medicines and immunity against viruses, infectious diseases from animals to humans, handling the waste pharmaceuticals after uses, and established Facebook account 'Petsat-Chhnaeum.' Outputs 3. Direct support to smallholder animal production Programme has established 200 demo for livestock raising and cattle forage activities to 64 farmers as following: 100 demo for sow raising (4 demo per province) established and 91 farmers replicated this success 100 demo for chicken raising (4 demo per province) established and 64 farmers replicated this success 64 demo for grass growing (4 demo per province) on s of 15 hectares and 137 families replicated from this success activity to their land about 10 hectares. Animal Revolving Stock Programme: the program has improved breeds of cattle and pigs through imports of quality pig and cattle breeds, semen straws such as Bramanh, Indonesia Brazil in 570 doses. The results of the breeding in 2016, 493 cattle and 1,019 sows were made artificial Insemination breeding, 350 semen straws were produced by using the local breeds and 63 cows were injected of estrumate hormone. Improvement the capacity of farmers: programme provided training to the farmers on feed production techniques, sourcing and feed preparation by using the local raw materials for cattle, buffaloes, pigs and poultry in 16 courses which participated by 415 farmers include 163 women and another training on cattle grass growing technique in 30 courses were participated by 750 farmers including 291 women. 58

61 Livestock Sub-Sector Component has also cooperated with the civil society organizations and development partners in the implementation of this programme by signing a contract with PIN on project called «Civil Society, Authorities and Markets for Sustainable Community Animal Production, Livelihoods and Environment (CAM-4-SCALE Project)» on June 20, 2016, to implement in 8 target provinces: Battambang, Pursat, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Takeo, Kampot, Prey Veng and Svay Rieng in 13 districts, 59 communes, 220 villages. The contract requires for PIN and 3 partners have to: increase the capacity of farmers in relation to animal health and production and animal breeding for 11,000 families, formation of 720 farmer groups and formation of 40 agriculture cooperatives. Major achievements: PIN organized for one national quick off workshop to inform stakeholders about project, selected target groups which includes of 220 VAHWs/Extension Workers, 370 of LPMGs and 216 chicken raising demos and 4 pig raising demo and provided training to target groups in 26 courses with 902 participants. B.3 Fisheries Component 1. Progress The Imprest Administrator (IA) and Imprest Accounting Officer (IAO) under the Fisheries Administration (FiA) will continue to monitor and supervise the FiA staff implementation of plan activities in the Operational Programme Estimate 2 (OPE2). Additional focus will be devoted on activities that were delayed in Operational Programme Estimate 1 (OPE1) and carried over to OPE2. The IA and IAO will devote time in monitoring procurement procedures, which includes the evaluation and preparation of various contracts with successful tenderers to ensure that all contracts will be concluded before the D+3 Rule of the EU Practical Guide. FiA will continue the process of Grants preparation with successful Civil Society Organizations to sign contracts before the D+3 Rule. Capacity building of the FiA staff will continue to be supported in OPE2 implementation. Achievement against the overall objective of the programme The overall objective of the Programme has been addressed through close coordination and cooperation between Fisheries Administration (FiA) and the different development partners (DPs)/stakeholders of the sector. The FiA and DPs have assisted smallholder fishermen to increase their income by at least 30%, promote gender equity and reduced child labour in the sector, established conservation s from cancelled fishing lots including RAMSA in the Upper Mekong and Tonle Sap Lake, and the government has increased the yearly budget of FiA to support development in the sector. Achievement against the purpose and objective of the Fisheries Sub-sector Component The FiA reported in 2015 that the total inland capture fisheries annual production is at 487,905 tonnes. Community fish refuge, rice field fishponds and smallholder hatcheries have been supported to achieve the 15% increase in aquaculture production of more than 120,000 tonnes. The FiA supported strengthening and registration of 36 CFis with the government through facilitation and completion of requirements and necessary documents. At least 60% of planned activities in the FiA Annual Workplan have been funded and implemented under OPE1. Three fisheries processed products have been standardized to assist livelihood of the communities. Three Programme Estimates have been prepared, which include Start-up Estimate (SUPE, March August 2014) to prepare the programme implementation; Operational 59

62 Programme Estimate 1 (OPE1, August February 2016) to initially implement FiA Programme activities in the field; and Operational Programme Estimate 2 (OPE2, March February 2017) to continue the implementation of FiA Programme activities in the field. Key results of the Fisheries Sub-sector Component Achievement: 1. Promotion of sustainable inland fisheries management FiA strengthened 36 CFis in OPE1 through re-lection of CFC and registration to MAFF. FiA has supported 8 community fish refuges in 8 communes of the four provinces. FiA supported construction of demarcation poles installed in 6 conservation s in Tonle Sap Lake. FiA mapped and demarcated 74 hectares flooded forest in Kratie. Sixty deep pools were identified and two community fisheries s have developed conservation management plan in the Upper Mekong Region. Fisheries communities and local authorities in 30 communes have increased their knowledge and awareness regarding policy proclamation on fishing gears. Five fiber glass boats were provided to community fisheries in five provinces to assist FiA in cracking down illegal fishers. Fish migration study and capacity building of FiA staff on research methodology have been supported. Five CFi in Takeo province received technical and financial support to improve their financial system and livelihood activities. 2. Aquaculture development Investments in aquaculture feed and seed supply infrastructure were carried out through development and improvement of local hatcheries. More than six million fish fingerlings and 990,000 postlarvae of freshwater giant prawn were produced in government hatcheries. The National Aquaculture Development Strategy, which sets down the goal and vision for the state of the sector in 2030, was endorsed by the TWGFi in 2014, and a 3-year rolling action plan has been prepared. FiA provided extension support to 20 rice-fish farmer and 60 fish farmer households in four provinces. Two local hatcheries were established and 10 existing local hatcheries were supported. FiA carried out pilot disease survey at 45 fish farms in 2 provinces. A training on Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP) was provided to 10 FiA staff and 10 fish farmers. FiA supported the initial preparations of ponds and other equipment in one coastal province for Artemia culture and production. 3. Fisheries value-chain development FiA supported development of the fisheries value-chain through an initial meeting with Vietnam Department of Fisheries aiming for MoU on the development of the Fisheries Value Chain for both countries. The FiA initially supported the centralization of three processed fisheries products standards, and enhanced the quality and safety inspection control services in the provinces. 4. Reinforcement of Fisheries Administration management capacities FiA supported training of its staff both at central and cantonment levels, resulting in: enhanced skills in statistics; improved internal control; strengthened PBA and M&E systems; enhanced IT management. FiA conducted TNA to determine the level of capacity of the staff both at the central and sub-national levels. FiA supported 2 retreats, meetings and coordination among the members of the TWGFi for the development of the sector. The SPF has been updated to cover and submitted to MAFF for review and approval. 5. Grants process The Fisheries component has launched the call for proposal of Grants in OPE1. Four lots have been proposed in this grants to be supported in the four regions (Tonle Sap Region, 60

63 Chaktomuc Region, Upper Mekong Region and Coastal Region) of the fisheries sector. Evaluation committee has been proposed with approval from EUD. Evaluation and approval of the concept and full proposal of NGOs were initially concluded. Four NGOs were provisionally selected to implement activities in the sector under this grant. The total budget allotted for grants is EUR 2,202,642 or 25% of the total budget of the component. However, the budget requested in each region are as follows; (1) Tonle Sap Region (Kg Chhnang and Kampong Thom Province) is EUR 879,530; (2) Chaktomuc Region (Prey Veng Province) is EUR 359,501; (3) Coastal Region (Koh Kong Province) is EUR 327,034; and (4) Upper Mekong Region (Stung Treng Province) is EUR 363,917. The four grant contract dossiers for the regions are now under review of EUD for endorsement. 2. Expenditure As of February 2016, the total expenditure of the Fisheries sub-sector component is EUR 2,257, or 31% of the total budget allotted to the sector. This expenditure is itemized as follows: (1) SUPE Expenditure is EUR 79,467 or 1% of total budget; and (2) OPE1 Expenditure is EUR 2,177,548 or 30% of total budget. C. ADB Loan No CAM (SF) Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS) Trade Project I. Project Results: Output 1: Strengthened surveillance and inspection programs: the progress under this output was at 56% as of December (i) (ii) Plant Health: Pest lists for rice and maize have been finalized. The development of pest list for cassava citrus and mango have completed their field work activities. These three crops are in the process of data analysis and recruitment of taxonomists support the finalist pest list development. PH-CIU completed the 4 th set of quality analysis of all these samples which 118 samples proved to be of great quality while the remaining is of poor quality, stemming from inappropriate storage or long over expired. The 2 nd rice seed health testing was completed with collection of 280 rice seed samples from two rice seed varieties, Sen Pidor and Sen Kro Orb, from 7 provinces to conduct health, quality and germination testing and analysis. PH-CIU is doing PRA activity for importing seed as Taro, Rice, and Chilly, Check for Quarantine Pest, especially disease in Post Entry Quarantine Green House in Prey Veng Province. Animal Health: 18 TAD outbreaks effected households in four provinces have been responded to with cases/cattle treated. The TAD surveillance program was conducted a meeting with 50 farmers together with provincial district staff in selected 6 villages in Takeo province to seek their participation in the surveillance program. The border surveillance program was completed the second step and other steps will be conducted in Nine activities of TAD awareness campaigns in four provinces have been conducted involving 47 meetings with 4,300 farmers and stakeholders, delivered 3 training on TAD risk based surveillance and awareness with 34 people, completed 40 import-handling awareness meetings for awareness campaign benefiting more than 3,730 farmers and stakeholders. 61

64 (iii) MAFF ANNUAL REPORT Three border staff training on Understanding and application of the manuals for import handling were completed with total of 73 participants. A training on provincial and district veterinary staff on TAD prevention and control was completed in DAHP with 25 participants. A technical staff training on manual An introduction to risk analysis for the facilitation of animal product trade in Cambodia a system approach, was conducted in DAHP with 15 participants. Training APRI staff on General chemistry and analyses techniques and Training on Practical drug residue analyze were conducted. UPLC was delivered to GDAHP in 2016 and fully installation is expected in second quarter Database management-import handling has been set up; and validation of protocol for analysis using Elisa screening test on drug residue has been completed. Food Safety: Surveillance on Food Hygiene and Food Safety at Restaurant and Catering Establishments was completed while survey collected and tested a total of 1,765 samples from 203 restaurants/catering in Phnom Penh, Seim Reap and Preah Sihanok province. Surveillance on Street Food is ongoing in Phnom Penh, Seim Reap and Preah Sihanok province. Surveillance on chemical contaminants in food and dosmestic markets is ongoing. More than 300 food samples from major markets across Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Preah Sihanouk have been collected and tested for chemical contamination by using test kits and laboratory analysis. FS-CIU conducted survey on Praka no DGH/DDF and Praka no DGH/DDF in 345 restaurants and hotel in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Preah Sihanouk to assess their understanding; 1,115 restaurants in two provinces and Phnom Penh received Hygiene and LOGO Certificates issued by Ministry of Health/DFF. FS-CIU conducted food safety monitoring to 140 restaurants in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Preah Sihanouk. Three dissemination workshops on Prakas No and 1309 were conducted with 161 participants. Two workshops on food poisoning, investigation and response were conducted in December 2016, in Siem Reap, with 51 participants. Three staff participated in overseas learning exchange in Thailand and Malaysia, and Sweden. A workshop on Understanding of Technical and Food Import Inspection and Certification Camcontrol/MoC, was completed on February 23, 2016 in Siem Reap Province beneficiating 78 participants from regulatory agencies, private sectors, and universities. A study tours to Thailand was taken place in June 2016 to learn from the experiences of the Bangkok Metropolitan government as well as the Departments of Health, Environmental Health, Medical Science on policy and regulatory enforcement. From 2013 to 2016, FS conducted four study tours to understand about food safety in the regional countries. Development of database software for food safety information in CamControl and DDF were completed. Output 2: Improved regional cooperation and harmonization: The progress for this output is 36% as of December (i) Animal health: 2 bilateral working groups was organized with Thailand and Vietnam in 2015; (ii) Plant health: three officers of the GDA were funded to attend regional meetings. TAD Exchange Missions is planned for PR China to take place in second quarter Output 3: Enhanced Education Levels/University Training of SPS Specialist: the progress under this output was at 83% as of December Four SPS academic curricula of the Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) have been updated, officially launched and put into used, the construction of the microbiology laboratory building completed and inaugurated, two overseas 62

65 training for faculty members completed, seven domestic trainings in related to SPS was conducted, and Collaboration between RUA and GDA/DAHP/DDF/ CAMCONTROL strengthened by conducting the Detection of Aflatoxins in agriculture products. Output 4: Project Management and Support: The progress under this output is at 83% as of December The PMU and CIUs has been fully operational and IT policy and backup guideline were completed and operational. New microbiology laboratory building at RUA was completed and officially launched in March 2016 and equipped with lab equipment. External project financial statements (APFS) for FY 2015 conducted by KPMG and the management letter completed and submitted to all relevant institutions; and the procurement of civil work equipment and consulting services are at 89%%, 81% and 87% respectively, with UPLC recently procured for the Animal Health CIU. D. Agriculture Services Programme for Innovation Resilience and Extension (ASPIRE) Component 1: Evidence Based Policy The Outcome of Component 1 will be a national programme implementing an updated extension policy and supported by multiple donors that provides smallholder farmers with access to quality information services. The framework will also refer to recent research and strengthened market and value chains analysis supported by ASPIRE or other agricultural development interventions. The results for the component 1 are mentioning below MAFF published its new Agricultural Extension Policy in Cambodia in April 2015, promoting pluralistic extension services with increasing roles for other stakeholders. Completed draft guidelines on roles and responsibilities in extension. Final Guidelines on Roles and Responsibilities in Extension was endorsed MAFF is established the Agriculture Extension Advisory Committee (AEAC) and the National Agriculture Technology Sub-Committee (NATSC) MEF is established Analytical Unit at SNEC has been issued for supporting Extension Policy Component 2: Capacity Development for Extension Services Under Component 2, Outcome 2 states that MAFF has institutional and human resources capacity to manage an effective, demand driven Agriculture Extension system linking researchers and knowledge-based agencies to extension agents in public sector, private sector and civil society and to farmers. The IFAD Supervision Mission in September 2016 rated the Progress of this Component as moderately satisfactory. The delivery of Component 2 has ramped up considerably since the May 2016 ISM. Importantly, the Agriculture Extension Advisory Committee (AEAC) and the National Agriculture Technology Sub-Committee (NATSC) have been established. This is a key step in the implementation of the new Policy on Agriculture Extension in Cambodia (PAEC). It is now crucial that these committees become functional as this is a readiness indicator for Component 2 to move into Phase 2 of the programme. To achieve this, both the AEAC and the NATSC need to have clarity on their roles and responsibilities. It is agreed that GDA develop a TOR and work plan for both the AEAC and the NATSC, with the assistance of the International Extension System and Methodology Adviser, and this this be then included in the draft MAFF roles and responsibilities document. The achievement of component 2 are as following: 63

66 TORs have been drafted for the AEAC, NATSC and the Extension Hub National and international experts are on board to support MAFF establish the Hub and Portal. Farmer Needs Assessment Tools have been developed. Tablets for CEWs in place and waiting MIS is setting 35 master trainers from the PDAFF and district agricultural offices received training on conducting Farmer Field Schools. 35 Master trainers received training in gender mainstreaming in agriculture New training and extension materials have been developed and Materials will be disseminate on time Some training and extension materials are developed and ready for printing. These materials are climate resilient rice growing technique, small-scale chicken raising, cucumber growing, small-scale pig raising, small-scale fish raising, cabbage growing, mango farming, technical guidebook on exported rice varieties production and technical guidebook on lemon growing. Finalized draft Guideline on roles and responsibilities in extension has been developed. 60 Commune Extension Workers have been recruited and actively perform extension and other services. 62 Agricultural Extension Officers and NGO staff attended two parallel 3-month training of trainers courses on agricultural extension advisor training which were held from September to November The trainings are implemented by RUA and PNCA. 10 lecturers from RUA, PNCA and Kampong Cham Agriculture School participated in this activity. 5 students from RUA also participated. Other activities are in progress. Component 3: Improved Extension Services Outcome 3 for Component 3 states that at least 120,000 smallholders have improved and resilient farm businesses as a result of integrated, demand led extension services and investments in climate resilient infrastructure. The IFAD Supervision Mission in September 2016 rated the Progress of this Component as moderately satisfactory (4). The progress 2016 are as following All five PDAFFs finalized a draft Provincial Agriculture Sector Development Plan for This include the Strategic Budget Plan and Program Budgeting Farmer Field Schools and 747 demonstrations are on-going. 9,645 smallholder farmers benefit from this activity. 82 VAHWs received on-going technical backstopping. They also received Vet Stocking and they are active in providing animal husbandry services to local people. The Contracting Out arrangements are still in progress. Consultant has been hired on Public-Private Partnership. Draft Farmer-to Farmer Guidelines have been developed. In summary a range of different extension activities have taken place in 441 villages, reaching an estimated 36,580 households or approximately 110,000 persons (over half of whom were women) National and international experts are on board. Model Farmers identified. Award contracted with firm to produce five video spots. Draft Farmer-to Farmer Guidelines have been developed. 64

67 Component 4 Infrastructure Supporting Climate Resilience Agriculture MAFF ANNUAL REPORT The Progress of Component 4 was rated by the IFAD Supervision Mission in September 2016 as moderately unsatisfactory (3) as implementation is lagging behind schedule. Currently Vulnerability Reduction Assessments (VRA) and District Climate Change Adaptation Development Plans (DCCADP) have been completed in 16 districts and commune selection is on-going for the first batch of 8 Performance Based Climate Resilient Grants. Component 4 promotes investment in infrastructures supporting climate resilient agriculture such as irrigation, drainage, water control/check structures, and flood protection structure and ASPIRE is cofinanced 1/3 with total of commune investment. the achievement for 2016 are as following, Organized trainings and workshops on VRA Assessment, District Climate Change Strategy Development and PBCR Grant Assessment for concerned stakeholders at sub-national levels and farmers. 375 people participated in the trainings and workshops. Completed conducting vulnerability reduction analysis assessment for 28 communes and two sangkats. 1,500 people participated in the assessment activity. Development of Climate Change Strategy for 14 districts and one municipality. Conducted performance based climate resilience grant baseline preparation in all five target provinces In 2016 the ASPIRE s total expenditure has reached to US$3,215,616 equal 46% against with total budget planned. E. Project for Agricultural Development and Economic Empowerment (PADEE) PADEE project was financed by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) with the counterpart budget sharing by Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). It had been implemented by Project Support Unit of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF- PSU) and the Implementing Support Unit (ISU) of the Minis of Women Affairs (MoWA-ISU) at the national level and its respective Provincial Department of Kampot, Kandal, Prey Veng, Svay Rieng and Takeo provinces at the sub-national level. The project goal is to improve the livelihood of poor and poorest people in the rural of 982 villages, of 246 communes in the 33 districts of these five provinces, through their agricultural production improvement and their income generating diversification. The project has formulated 984 Improved Group Revolving Fund (IGRF), which consisted 50 households per group to provide technical and financial training and to release the fund for their use the group fund. After Farmer Field School (FFS), that the project provided as top-down approaches, for all 49,000 households of those 984 IGRF, the project had formulated 3,2114 Common Interest Group (CIG), according to their preferences as bottom up approaches, to provide more efficient and detailed on rice seed production, vegetable, sweet corn, mushroom, water melon, mungbean and pig, chicken, and fish raising to improve their production. On the other hand, the project have release the fund to the group (USD 12,000/group) through Group Conditional Transfer Scheme (GCCTS), splitting into 3 years (USD 4,000/group/year) for the group members use as revolving fund with small interest (according to their decision for increasing group fund). By December 2017, the IGRF had received USD 10,960,000 and has increased up to 12,839,988 (USD 1,879,988 plus) with the income rate 17%. 65

68 As the production had increased year by year, the project had innovated the value chain activity, which is based on market driven production approaches through formulation of vegetable, mushroom and chicken value chain clusters. Beside the value chain cluster support through collection pints establishment and operation, the project had provided the fund for co-investment (as 50% proportion) to the farmer cluster member for their improvement of production infrastructure or input supply which are allow them to produce their qualified product (as qualitative and quantitative required by the market). The management of information system (MIS) had operated as a key tracker on the result of effectiveness of the project intervention. All the collected data were entered into the system and analysed by management team and used as officially as follows: Profit rate between before and after intervention (internal rate of return IRR) average 107% Technical adoption rate in average: o High (75-100%) 25.88% o Medium (50-74%) 64,05% o Poor (<50%) 10.07% To sustain and strengthen the knowledge an experience sharing among farmers themselves (IGRF farmer and non-igrf farmers(, the PADEE had initiated farmer to farmer activities, which are promoting as Local Champion 26 farmers and 300 model farmers, working as Community Learning Center. F. Cambodia Agricultural Value Chain Program (CAVAC II) Cambodia Agricultural Value Chain Program (CAVACII) is a Government of Australia's support program and continue from CAVACI with a total budget of Million Aus$ during 6 years from 2016 to CAVACII will contribute to the achievement of two goals: (1) improved incomes for smallholder farmers; and (2) increased trade in milled rice and other crops. CAVAC aims to increase the productivity and incomes of small farmers; and trade in milled rice and other crops by strengthening market systems and investing in irrigation infrastructure. The indicative component results expected at the end of the program are respectively: (i) 135,000 farming households have knowledge of and apply improved farming practices; (ii) 25,000 farming households gain access to sustainable irrigation; and (iii) five new rice varieties are introduced and used. CAVAC II has 3 component including: Component 1. Productivity and Diversification will continue to work in fertiliser and pesticide markets, and diversification into cassava and other crops such as pulses and maize. It will also be exploring opportunities to expand into new markets such as chilli and fruit crops; scoping for these s and other markets will be further analysed in Component 2 Irrigation and Water Management aims to increase incomes to farming households over the life of the program in Kandal, Prey Veng, Takeo, and Tboung Khmum target provinces. After completing the construction of seven irrigation schemes in 2016, the focus of activities and deliverables for 2017 include: starting construction on two schemes in early 2017; Farmer Water User Communities (FWUC) office construction; flood damage maintenance and repair; on-farm water management works; and strengthening of established FWUCs. Component 3 Milling and Export. To further assist this policy, potential partnerships with Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Cambodia Rice Federation (CRF), other 66

69 organisations and associations, and collaboration with leading seed companies is being explored. Component 3 has also begun exploring the possibilities of registering foreign bred varieties in Cambodia, which will define the support to producers / companies which are: providing training in business management; supporting improved post-harvest handling to maintain seed quality; and, production and promotion of direct seeding using low-cost mechanized seeders. I. Food Security for Underprivileged Farmers (2KR) Since 1992 to 2011, Japan Government has provided grant to the Royal Government of Cambodia through the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to implement the Food Security for Underprivileged Farmers-2KR aiming to reduction of Cambodia people poverty through the enhancement of food production. The grant had been provided in the form of agricultural machinery and inputs, such as chemical fertilizers made in Japan and selling to poor farmers with reasonable cheap price. The revenue from the selling has been co-managed by MAFF and Japan Embassy to the Kingdom of Cambodia by year By then, this formality has been triple managed between MAFF, MEF and JICA for the support of the various project development implementation which contribution of beneficiary of poor farmers as target set by the project (Former 2KR). In 2016, Japan and MAFF sides principally endorsed the amount of supported budget 1,974, for implementing five projects, as follows: 1. Agricultural Productivity Improvement through Extension, APITE (APPP, Phase II) implemented by GDA 2. Boosting Vegetable Production in Rainy Season to Improve Farmers Income and Nutrition implemented by GDA 3. Strengthening the Adaptive Capacity and Resilience of Sustainable Culture-Based Fisheries Development Communities to Climate Change to Attain Food Security in Three provinces implemented by FiA; 4. Management of Prey Lang Forest for Local Community Benefit implemented by FA; 5. Genetic improvement of local chicken breed and enhance its productivity through demonstration trial in the context of climate change in Cambodia implemented by GDAHP The above five projects have been implemented with managed, controlled, and coordinated by Project Steering Committee for Food Security for Underprivileged Farmers and Project Monitoring and Evaluation Unit (PMEU). G. Technical Working Group on Agriculture and Water (TWG-AW) Technical Working Group on Agriculture and Water (TWG-AW) is co-chaired by H.E. Ty Sokhun, Secretary of State, MAFF and H.E. Thor Chetha, Secretary of State, MoWRAM. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is currently the development partner lead facilitator in TWG-AW. Below are the progresses TWG-AW has made. 1. TWG-AW Meeting TWG-AW organized 5 meetings from March to November 2016 with active participation from the TWG-AW members of around 87 in each meeting. The meeting discussed and monitored agreed issues, approved some key tasks to promote the leadership and ownership of both 67

70 ministries, and shared the information of project progresses implemented by DPs and other stakeholders. The meeting achieved the following results. a TWG-AW Workplan was prepared based on the Guideline on the Roles and Functions of TWG which was approved for the implementation by the RGC in early 2016 to set the directions of TWG-AW to further promote the partnership and strengthen development cooperation to ensure the aid and development effectiveness at the sectoral level. b. Result Framework (RF) Template was developed and endorsed as the tool for ensuring the consistency of the government policies with DP s country assistance strategies or/and programs to Cambodia. Moreover, this tool will help align the agriculture priorities as stated in the ASDP with the projects/programs of DPs in contributing to the achievement of those priorities especially sectoral goal. In addition, this tool will promote the government ownership and leadership both at the policy and project/program levels. It will also strengthen the partnership between government and DPs including NGOs and private sectors. This initiative is consistent with the one of the RGC as stated in the Development Cooperation and Partnership Strategy (DCPS) The elements of the RF include RSIII (Rectangle 1 and Side 1 and 2 for agriculture sector under the TWG-AW mechanism), NSDP , ASDP (program, objectives, and indicators of program), Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs), scope of TWG-AW, on-going DPs projects/programs under TWG-AW, disbursement by years extracted from Cambodia ODA Database and priority projects/programs of MAFF to be mobilized for implementing PIP. c. Development of Sub-TWGs Sub-TWG on Agricultural Extension was developed in line with the agricultural extension policy in ensuring the participation of all relevant stakeholders in contributing to the achievement of this policy. TOR of this Sub-TWG was developed in close cooperation between GDA, chair, and IFAD, co-chair of Sub- TWG. MoWRAM is the member of Sub-TWG. GDA revised the TOR following the reception of the comments from its members. GDA requested DPs to send focal point or representative to make a list of Sub-TWG members to facilitate the invitation to the meeting. Sub-TWG on Livestock was prepared and established based on the MAFF s Decision on the Establishment of Sub-TWG on Livestock No. 478 dated November MAFF is the chair of this Sub-TWG. With support from EU/EC, Strategic Planning Framework for Livestock Development was developed and successfully printed for the distribution. This framework plans to be officially launched in the near future. Sub-TWG on Irrigation Scheme Management was agreed to develop. Based on this meeting, MoWRAM prepared and issued Decision on the Establishment of Sub-TWG on Irrigation Scheme Management No. 221 dated October, This Sub-TWG consists of members from 04 departments such as Agriculture Irrigation Department, Department of Planning and International Cooperation, Engineering Department, and Department of Farmers Water Users Community. H.E. Thor Chetha, Secretary of State, MoWRAM, is the chair of Sub-TWG. This Sub-TWG plans to select DP facilitator to support the preparation of TOR for the operation of Sub-TWG and other necessary tasks. 68

71 All Sub-TWGs are in the infant stage. The establishment of Sub-TWGs aimed at facilitating the effectiveness of the discussion in the TWG-AW as stated in Guideline on the Roles and Function of TWG. All Sub-TWGs shall report to plenary sessions of TWG-AW about the progresses and challenges to be solved regularly. d. TWG-AW Website was developed to promote the transparency and to be an information hub to share information and policy documents related to agriculture and water with the TWG-AW members in a timely manner. This new TWG-AW website plans to be operational in late April e. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), approved by UN, consists of 17 goals and 169 indicators for the period of 10 years ( ). The list of around 230 indicators was prepared and plans to be endorsed in UN Summit in September Ministry of Planning, as designated as national focal point for SDGs, organized the consultation workshop to discuss about the localization of global indicators as in the list to contribute to the attainment of SDGs. The result of the workshop was prepared and sent to all relevant government ministries and institutions for internal review and discussion through TWG mechanism. TWG-AW meetings were organized to discuss the goal, target, indicators, responsible ministries/institutions, method of computation, source of data and frequency of data collection of the list of SDGs indicators, which integrated the comments from internal discussion of MAFF and DPs. The representative from MOP also attended the meetings as a speaker to elaborate and answer the questions raised by TWG-AW to facilitate the discussion and preparation of the list of SDGs for MAFF in a correct and timely manner. The meeting was organized twice and discussed about the SDG related to MAFF. As a result, the meeting suggested MAFF to review all relevant indicators commented by DPs. Department of Planning and Statistics (DPS) had internal meeting and workshop to review the comments of DPs and sent to MOP for the consolidation. f. Revised Joint Monitoring Indicators (JMIs) and JMIs Progress Report were prepared based on the guidance from CDC/CRDB. After the two documents were officially signed, the secretariat sent out these documents to CDC/CRDB for the consolidation. 2. Non-TWG-AW Meetings and workshops Apart from the quarterly meetings of TWG-AW, meetings and workshops of the TWG-AW members were organized under the leadership of co-chairs of TWG-AW as followings. a. Workshop on Cambodia Partnership for Sustainable Agriculture (CPSA) was organized in cooperation between MAFF and Grow Asia to create working group for 6 crops including cassava, palm sugar, vegetable, pepper, coconut and rice. Ministry of Commerce also supported the dissemination. CPSA aims to develop and implement agricultural projects with participation from relevant stakeholders by focusing on crop production chain and smallholder farmers. Each working group had 02 meetings since its establishment. Grow Asia was included as a member of TWG-AW to connect the producers with the agricultural policies. Concept note on the Establishment of CPSA Secretariat was prepared by Grow Asia and sent to members of TWG-AW for comments. Grow Asia conducted a general meeting in November b. Workshop on Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2016 was jointly organized by MAFF and World Bank to share information and to collect comments from relevant stakeholders with participation from members of TWG-AW and other relevant 69

72 stakeholders. World Bank prepared this document annually. EBA 2016 focused on the seed, fertilizer, mechanization, finance, market and transportation and also on the stage of each topic including process, quality management, and trade. c. Launch of Joint FAO-OECD-UNCDF Publication on Adopting a territorial approach to food security and nutrition was prepared with the TWG-AW meeting in collaboration between MAFF, CARD, FAO and OECD. This document aimed at reforming governance system at all levels and for better operation through the transformation from top-down and one-size-fits-all approach to the pluralistic, bottom-up and context-based approach. To implement the above-mentioned approaches, H.E. Ty Sokhun provided some comments including (1) conduct regional study and analysis to identify opportunity for development, build capacity of sub-national level on the approach, (3) improve the coordination at policy and institutional level, (4) develop good information at local level, and (5) set the mechanism and new financing flow. H. Official Development Assistance (ODA) Support to Agricultural Sector In the NSDP , the agricultural sector required the capital investment of USD 3.9 billion for the period for contributing in achieving the GDP growth target. The Official Development Assistance (ODA) has been one of the key financing sources for this sector. The ODA contributed to the requirement around USD 209 million in 2014, USD million in 2015 and USD million in The portion of ODA disbursement to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) respectively is around USD 35 million in 2014, USD 33.3 million in 2015 and USD 60.7 million. Among the sub-sectors of the agriculture set out in the Cambodia ODA Database, sector policy and management, financial services, extension services, irrigation, food security and nutrition, and training have had substantial shares of the total ODA to the sector when the ODA disbursement to agriculture sector slightly decreased from around USD million in 2014 to USD million in

73 ODA Disbursement by Sub-Sectors of Agriculture and Water* from (*classified as Agriculture by Cambodia ODA Database) MAFF ANNUAL REPORT (Plan) 2018 (Plan) 2019 (Plan) Agriculture Agriculture Sector policy and management 22,803,798 32,861,756 52,156,736 51,405,519 25,601,096 - Agriculture financial services 3,923,067 4,755,644 4,228,712 1,492, Extension Services 5,653,621 4,525,268 3,841,680 2,530, Food Security, Nutrition 4,834,724 4,509,854 5,720,184 2,435,018 1,642, ,120 Other 2,265,851 2,287,618 5,485,270 2,152,465 2,152,465 - Education, Training 2,768,131 2,225,989 1,336,436 1,702,907 1,440,000 - Food Crops 613,797 1,979,429 2,420,825 2,180,840 59,605 - Fisheries 1,041,493 1,774,940 2,061,017 4,021,219 5,083,333 - Livestock & Veterinary 483,410 1,049,471 1,094, , Cash and Export Crops 1,025, ,707 1,326,170 1,093, Forestry 600, , Post-harvest 90,000 30,000 40,000 40, Agriculture inputs 3,083,000 5,082,960 5,000,000 - Agro-Industry 30,000 30,000 30,000 - Sub-Total 46,103,594 57,183,896 82,824,397 74,667,535 41,009, ,120 Water Agriculture water & Irrigation 163,132, ,348, ,031,046 58,492,069 56,668,402 - Meteorology Sub-Total 163,132, ,348, ,031,046 58,492,069 56,668, Grand Total 209,235, ,532, ,855, ,159,604 97,677, ,120 Source: Data extracted from Cambodia ODA Database on 17 March, cooperation projects with total 21 development partners are on-going in the agricultural sector including agriculture water and meteorology. China stands the first top rank for the disbursement in the sector followed by France, ADB, USA, IFAD, Australia, Japan, and EC as shown in the Table below. Despite their disbursements are not much FAO and Republic of Korea have substantial numbers of the cooperation projects. ODA Disbursement by Development Partners in Agriculture and Water* from (*classified as Agriculture by Cambodia ODA Database) No. Donor # of Projects (Plan) 2018 (Plan) 2019 (Plan) 1 China ,592,385 87,472,498 48,500,007 20,009,514 15,125,700-2 France 4 28,215,340 2,250,179 2,431,550 2,149, ADB 21 19,575,310 15,209,000 45,672,000 40,400,000 37,300,000-4 USA 11 19,216,317 25,924,800 22,010,544 22,016,592 1,523,333-5 IFAD 5 12,896,327 12,438,708 20,543,653 11,053,944 6,787,820-6 Australia 4 10,739,511 11,097,162 13,997,959 11,970,074 14,214,463-7 Japan 11 5,950,463 7,017,672 15,393,440 8,797,445 8,180,704-8 EU/EC 7 5,577,654 5,805,309 9,847,629 4,326,712 2,813,276-9 UNDP 2 1,795,268 1,039,939 10, Switzerland 3 1,155,106 1,664,911 1,691,439 1,492,919 29, New Zealand 1 1,084,652 1,196, , , , FAO ,550 2,700,075 2,395,136 81, Canada 2 437, , ,093 40, Ireland 1 66, Republic of Korea 12 65,000 1,009,814 15,972, ,000 60, Czech Republic 1 60,000 80, UNIDO 1 50, , , , Germany 1-807,307 1,658,069 1,056,338 1,056, , Sweden UNODC 1-21, World Bank ,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 - Total ,235, ,532, ,855, ,159,604 97,677, ,120 Source: Data extracted from Cambodia ODA Database on 17 March,

74 ODA Support to MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry (MAFF) has been one of the implementing agencies receiving ODA support from development partners in the agriculture sector including agriculture water. According to the Table below, MAFF received disbursement of approximately USD 35.2 million (16.8%) in 2014, USD 33.3 million (18.87%) in 2015 and USD 60.7 million (29.5%) in 2016 compared to the total disbursement in the sector. MAFF s absorption of large part of the ODA provided on sector policy and management reflects its key role in policy, directions, and measures for the sector. MAFF also played as the implementing agency for some agriculture water projects though many irrigation projects have been under the Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology (Plan) 2018 (Plan) 2019 (Plan) Agriculture Agriculture Sector policy and management 3,590,939 8,615,737 27,456,736 27,405,519 25,601,096 - Extension Services 5,586,954 4,525,268 3,841,680 2,530, Agriculture financial services 3,553,067 4,298,644 4,024,712 1,492, Education, Training 2,668,661 1,781, , , ,000 - Cash and Export Crops 1,025, ,867 1,326,170 1,093, Other 322, , , , ,206 - Livestock & Veterinary - 500, , , Food Crops 65, , , ,656 30,000 - Post-harvest 90,000 30,000 40,000 40, Forestry - 21, Agriculture inputs - - 3,083,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 - Agro-Industry ,000 30,000 30,000 - Food Security, Nutrition Fisheries Sub-Total of Agriculture 16,902,528 21,524,384 41,653,873 39,592,988 32,217,302 - Water Agriculture water & Irrigation 18,308,810 11,791,745 19,074,719 17,573,815 20,218,204 - Meteorology Sub-Total of Water 18,308,810 11,791,745 19,074,719 17,573,815 20,218,204 - Grand Total 35,211,338 33,316,129 60,728,592 57,166,803 52,435,506 - Source: Data extracted from Cambodia ODA Database on 17 March, 2017 ODA Disbursement to MAFF by Sub-Sectors from projects supported by 13 development partners are in cooperation with MAFF. In 2016, ADB was in the first rank to provide support to MAFF followed by IFAD, EU/EC, Australia and Japan subsequently. Since 2014, development partners have provided ODA to NGOs, and research institutes for the implementation of the fisheries and forestry related projects. ODA Disbursement to MAFF by Development Partners from No. Donor # of Projects (Plan) 2018 (Plan) 2019 (Plan) 1 ADB 13 16,341,000 11,223,000 20,400,000 24,100,000 23,500,000-2 IFAD 3 9,140,021 9,623,912 14,683,123 10,178,414 6,787,820-3 Japan 3 3,074,277 3,844,036 3,509, , ,206-4 Australia 2 2,458,056 1,666,264 7,431,721 10,473,815 12,718,204-5 UNDP 2 1,795,268 1,039,939 10, France 2 1,025, ,867 1,326,170 1,093, EU/EC 1 1,011,809 4,186,788 9,131,398 4,250,660 2,813,276-8 FAO 1 151,230 86,220 12, USA 3 149,375 59, , , , Republic of Korea 9 65, , , ,000 60, Switzerland 1-40,363 78,999 12, UNODC 1-21, World Bank ,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 - Total 42 35,211,338 33,316,129 60,728,592 57,166,803 52,435,506 - Source: Data extracted from Cambodia ODA Database on 17 March, 2017 In conclusion, the ODA has played the key role in financing the agriculture capital investment in Cambodia though it does not cover a large amount of the needs. The role of MAFF is 72

75 indispensable particularly in the sub-sectors directly related to the agricultural development. Nevertheless, since the agriculture development including as well the agricultural water in Cambodia, the strong coordination and management of ODA in an effective and efficient manner is vitally important. The current Technical Working Group (TWG) on Agriculture and Water should be effectively used to ensure the effective coordination and alignment of the resources with the development priorities in the sector and among related ministries including MAFF. 6.4 Human Resource Management in Agriculture Sector Human Resources Management To contribute with the Royal Government of Cambodia to achieve the target indicators of policies including the National Development Strategic Plan and Rectangular Strategy Phase III, MAFF has paid much attention to human resource management through the study of human resource needs in both quantitative and qualitative based on the actual work burden, duty and work responsibility, job description, performance evaluation, human resource policy development, human resource management information system development, structure reform, function and implementation, periodically strengthening agricultural staff management at national and under national levels. In 2016, there were 6,908 staff in total of which 1,520 or 22% female staff in MAFF 2,785 including 771 women or 27% at national level and 4,123 including 749 women or18% at provincial level. In meantime, there were 139 retired staff, 237 on leave without payment and 52 staff out of the list of civil servant (release, resign and death). The ministry has also recruited 333 personnel through examination (for status A 247 of which 84 women and B 86 of which 36 women and including 10 staff of which 2 female). To encourage staff for their effort to work, the ministry has nominated and transferred 301 staff of which 36 women and awards medal for good performance to 685 staff of which 113 women. (From Bronze to the medal of National Merit) Based on the situation framework graphic of staff in 5 years ( ) it is shown that the number of civil servants gradually decreased, while the number of new civil servants does not balance with the lost one. In this case, it is an issue for policy implementation of the Royal Government of Cambodia; especially the Administrative Reform Programme at under national level. In order to achieve Strategic Plan, MAFF spreads the agricultural structure to commune, 73

76 Sangkat in order to acknowledge and transfer the agriculture technique to be more effective to the farmers through implementation of the Policy on Agricultural Extension of the ministry Human Resource Development In the previous legislature in the National Development Strategy, the Royal Government of Cambodia has defined 4 key priorities namely road, water, electricity and people. However, in the context of economics and modern technology and the increased competition, the Royal Government of Cambodia of the 5 th legislature of the national assembly has paid much attention on human resource development. This means that it is transforming the 4 key priorities to people, road, water and electricity. In respond to the priority setting Human Capital of RGC, MAFF has paid attention to strengthen the capacities building of staff through the local and overseas short-term and longterm training courses. As of 2016, MAFF has trained 3176 staff of which 844 female staff. Two thousand five hundred and twenty six staff of which 680 female staff had participated local short-term training courses. Separately, 650 staff of which 163 female staff had participated training courses abroad, 613 staff of which 152 female staff for short-term training courses and 37 staff of which 11 female staff for long-term training courses in which 24 staff for Ph.D and 13 staff for Master degree Students Training The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries offer three higher education institutions such as Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), Prek Leap National School of Agriculture (PNSA) and Kompong Cham National School of Agriculture (KCNSA). In this 5 years, Royal University of Agriculture has received the number of enrolments and graduates in the following: Student enrolment and graduate from Royal University of Agriculture in the last 5 years Student Total Female Total Female Total Female Total Female Total Female Enrolled student (BSc.) Graduated Student (BSc.) Graduated Student (MSc.) Graduated Student (PhD.) Students enrolment at Prek Leap National College of Agriculture in the last 5 years Academic year Associate Bachelor Total Total Female Total Total Female Female Total 5 years

77 Students graduated from Prek Leap National College of Agriculture during the last 5 years Acacemic year Associate Bachelor Total Total Female Total Total Female Total Total 5 years Student enrolment and graduate at Kampong Cham National School of Agriculture The three academic institutions have been working to revise or develop long-term strategic plan in order to implement their updated curricular for better education research and extension in the context of ASEAN Economic Community and Globalization. For International Cooperation, there are 13 international experts working in the institutions and from 58 different institutions through both bilateral and multilateral. Furthermore, Kampong Cham National Agricultural School has received the support from KOICA to build up education programme for Saemaul Undong Movement Concept. Moreover, Royal University of Agriculture completed the microbiology laboratory building with 2 levels with well-equipped facility with the support from Trade Facilitation Project (SPS). For research work, the three institutions currently have 30 projects related to agronomy, animal science, veterinary, forestry, fishery, agroindustry, land management etc. The main sources of finances are from Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, Ministry of Environment, Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, European Community, Korea, Japan, the United States etc. In addition, three main research centers were organized at Royal University of Agriculture such as the Center of Excellence on Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Nutrition (CE SAIN) with the support from USAID, Potato Research Center with the support from KOPIA and KOICA, and Biogas Technology and Information Center with the support from UNIDO. 6.6 Gender and Child Development in Agriculture Sector Updated and officially introduced the policies for implementation Developed five-year Action Plan on Gender Mainstreaming,