Greenhouse vegetable production in Brazil. Ítalo M. R. Guedes Research Agronomist

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1 Greenhouse vegetable production in Brazil Current status and research needs Ítalo M. R. Guedes Research Agronomist

2 Embrapa Vegetables» Focus: 100% vegetable crops agribusiness» Solutions: products, technologies and services» From seed technology up to marketing

3 Vegetables in Brazil Production value Production Total area Yield Jobs Availability Average consumption US$ 10 billion 19.3 million ton 2.2 million acres 8.8 ton / acre 7.3 million** 102 kg / inhab. / yr 30 kg / inhab. /yr*** * 2010 ** direct and indirect *** IBGE, 2003

4 Brazil continental country Source: M. A. Lopes

5 Adoption of different technology levels Differences in technology adoption are due to regional diversity and growers profile

6 Management of physical environment Control of microclimatic conditions Internal conditions are poorly controlled why?

7 Management of physical environment Source: Braga, 2000 Energy distribution inside greenhouses Energy distribution varies depending on greenhouse orientation

8 Disease management Soil borne pathogens Methyl bromide use alternatives» Crop rotation: cost or investment?» Efficient alternatives to methyl bromide» Soil organic matter management» Integrated management

9 Soil and water management Soil organic matter management Crop rotation

10 Soil and water management Soil temperature in warm tropical areas Influence on plant yiels, nutrition and health

11 Soil and water management Inadequate soil management Biological degradation Chemical degradation Physical degradation

12 Soilless cultivation Photo by Dr. Gilmar Henz The buildup of soilborne problems (salination, diseases, physical degradation) has made some growers opt for soilless cultivation.

13 Soilless cultivation

14 Plant mineral nutrition Extensive use of fertigation methods Lack of data on nutrient requirements of modern cultivars

15 Chemical control of insect pests Source: A. P. Moura» Resistance of arthropod-pests to conventional and biorational pesticides (toxicological and biomolecular screenings)» Side-effects of pesticides to beneficial organisms» Guidance of pesticides use to control arthropod-pests

16 Chemical control of insect pests Source: A. P. Moura

17 Chemical control of insect pests Source: A. P. Moura» Re-entry time after pesticides spraying» Pesticides spraying technology» Sorption, degradation, and leaching of pesticides in soils

18 Crop breeding and adaptation The focus has been mainly on evaluating the adaptability of cultivars to protected cultivation.

19 Crop breeding and adaptation Desired characteristics for tropical protected cultivation» High yield potential» Large temperature variations» High soluble solids contents» High nutrient and water use efficiency» Lower light intensities» Low wind velocity

20 Mechanization and automation Brazilian population is concentrating in urban centers Average income is rising» Machinery adapted to operations inside greenhouses» Planting, conduction and harvest» Fertigation» Temperature» Relative humidity» Is automation a viable solution?

21 Current projects Embrapa vegetables has a team of researchers dedicated to protected horticulture This team has research activities in several projects» Water and nutrient requirements of melon under protected cultivation in the Cerrado region» Tomato breeding program for value-addition and increased crop sustainability» Lettuce breeding: improving crisphead and leaf lettuce lines with heat tolerance and resistance to LMV» Introduction of a hybrid of determinate-growth tomato for industrial processing in the production chain» Development of melon cultivars for internal and external market

22

23 Thank you for your attention! Ítalo M. R. Guedes Embrapa Hortaliças

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