2017 Fungicide Trials: What have we learned? Katia Viana Xavier PhD in Plant Pathology Postdoctoral Researcher University of Florida- GCREC

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1 2017 Fungicide Trials: What have we learned? Katia Viana Xavier PhD in Plant Pathology Postdoctoral Researcher University of Florida- GCREC

2 Pomegranate Production in Florida Market Cultivar selection Physiological disorders Diseases and pests No labeled fungicides Limited information

3 How to avoid this?

4 Summary Flower buds Which pathogens did we find? Fungicide trials When and what to apply? Pathogen survival in crop debris 4

5 Flower buds pathogen identification Achala KC, 2016

6 Flower buds pathogen identification Location Pathogen Recovery (percentage) Alternaria Diaporthales Aspergillus Botryosphaeriacea Colletotrichum Pestalotiopsis None Total Zolfo Spring 9.5% 32.5% 1.6% 0.0% 8.7% 0.0% 47.6% 126 Haines City 25.1% 17.4% 6.4% 0.9% 6.4% 26.0% 17.9% 235 Suwanee Valley 0.0% 15.4% 3.8% 7.7% 30.8% 0.0% 42.3% 26 Tifton, GA 2.0% 51.0% 0.0% 44.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0% 100 Alma, GA 0.9% 48.1% 0.0% 41.7% 9.3% 0.0% 0.0% 108 Grand Total % 31.8% 3.0% 15.6% 7.4% 10.3% 19.5% Achala KC, 2016 Less than 20% of the buds had no fungi on them

7 Summary Flower buds Which pathogens did we find? Fungicide trials When and what to apply? Pathogen survival in crop debris 7

8 Fungicide trials 2017 Goal: To test the efficacy of different fungicides against leaf spot and fruit rot on pomegranate

9 Fungicide trials 2017 Systemic fungicides: Merivon (Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin) Luna Experience (Fluopyram + Tebuconazole) Topsin (Thiophanate-methyl) Contact fungicides: Penncozeb (Penncozeb) Captan Biologicals Serenade (Bacillus subtilis) Tenet WP (Trichoderma spp.) Neem oil

10 Fungicide trials 2017 Disease evaluated every other week: Leaf spot Fruit rot 10

11 Fungicide trials 2017 Disease evaluated every other week: Leaf spot Fruit rot April Aug Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC): Disease accumulation over time 11

12 Fungicide trials 2017 Trials were conducted: Parrish 1. Wonderful, 2. Vikusnyi, 3. Al Sirin Nar, 4. Azadi, 5. Sakerdze, and 6. Christina Plant City 1. Angel red Treatment A group of 3 pomegranate trees 12

13 Trial 1- Spray calendar 4/5 4/19 5/3 5/17 5/31 6/14 6/28 7/12 7/26 8/2 8/23 1. Non-treated control 2. Serenade (Bacillus subtilis); 20 oz/acre 3. Tenet WP (Trichoderma spp.) 3 lb/ acre 4. Penncozeb; 4 lbs/acre 5. Captan; 5 lbs/acre 6. Topsin; 30 fl. oz./ acre 7. Merivon; 7 fl. oz./acre Fungicide application Harvest

14 AUDPC AUDPC Trial 1- Leaf spot 4/5 4/19 5/3 5/17 5/31 6/14 6/28 7/12 7/26 8/2 8/ A Plant City 4000 Parrish 3000 AB B C C C C A CD AB CD BC D CD 0 0

15 AUDPC AUDPC Trial 1- Fruit rot 4/5 4/19 5/3 5/17 5/31 6/14 6/28 7/12 7/26 8/2 8/23 Plant City Parrish A B BC B CD D CD AB B A AB AB B B 0 0

16 Conclusion for trial 1 Non-treated Serenade Merivon Topsin

17 Trial 2- Spray calendar 4/5 4/19 5/3 5/17 5/31 6/14 6/28 7/12 7/26 8/2 8/23 Merivon 1. Non-treated control 2. Neem oil /Neem oil 3. Merivon/Serenade 4. Merivon/Tenet 5. Merivon/Captan 6. Merivon/Topsin 7. Merivon

18 AUDPC AUDPC Trial 2- Leaf spot Plant City Parrish A A B C C C C C B C C C C C Non-treated control 2. Neem oil /Neem oil 3. Merivon/Serenade 4. Merivon/Tenet 5. Merivon/Captan 6. Merivon/Topsin 7. Merivon

19 AUDPC AUDPC Trial 2- Fruit rot Plant City Parrish NS A AB AB AB AB B AB 1. Non-treated control 2. Neem oil /Neem oil 3. Merivon/Serenade 4. Merivon/Tenet 5. Merivon/Captan 6. Merivon/Topsin 7. Merivon

20 Trial 3- Spray calendar 4/5 4/19 5/3 5/17 5/31 6/14 6/28 7/12 7/26 8/2 8/23 2 3, 4, Non-treated control 2. Luna Experience 3. Merivon/Captan/Topsin 4. Merivon/Captan/Merivon 5. Merivon/Topsin/Merivon 6. Merivon Spray Harvest

21 AUDPC AUDPC Trial 3- Leaf spot Plant City Parrish A A 1000 B B B B B 1000 B B B B B Non-treated control 2. Luna Experience 3. Merivon/Captan/Topsin 4. Merivon/Captan/Merivon 5. Merivon/Topsin/Merivon 6. Merivon

22 AUDPC AUDPC Trial 3- Fruit rot Plant City Parrish A B B C C BC A B B B B B Non-treated control 2. Luna Experience 3. Merivon/Captan/Topsin 4. Merivon/Captan/Merivon 5. Merivon/Topsin/Merivon 6. Merivon

23 Summary Flower buds Which pathogens did we find? Fungicide trials When and what to apply? Pathogen survival in crop debris 23

24 Pathogen survival on crop debris Goal: Identify which pathogens are present on the crop residues. Crop residues Zolfo Springs Plant City Parrish GCREC Pilidiella granati The most common, specially on the leaf litter Three isolates of Colletotrichum sp.

25 Colletotrichum overwinters in plant debris Fruits, twigs and leaves are source of inoculum for next season Anthracnose disease cycle Colletotrichum spores disseminates Symptoms on fruits and leaves Colletotrichum infects flower buds & remain latent

26 Conclusion Field trials showed that contact and systemic fungicides were more effective than the biological ones. Integrated disease management will be critical for commercial pomegranate production in Florida. Sanitation and other cultural practices are required to reduce disease levels in pomegranate.

27 Acknowledgments Dr. Gary Vallad Dr. Bill Castle Dr. Zhanao Deng Dr. Zhengfei Guan Dr. Hugh Smith Dr. Shinsuke Agehara Growers: Cindy Weinstein Pacific Tomato Growers Sutherland s Pomegranate Field - Plant City, FL Mc Teer Farms - Haines City, FL Cee Bee s Citrus - Odessa, FL Vallad Lab The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) and Florida Pomegranate Association (FPA) for providing support for this research.

28 Thank You

29 Conclusion Non-treated Serenade Merivon Topsin

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