Enhancing Pulses Production on Sustainable Basis

Transcription

1 Enhancing Pulses Production on Sustainable Basis Dr. B. Rajender, IAS Joint Secretary (Crops) National Food Security Mission (Pulses) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Government of India

2 Pulses for nutritional security Pulses constitute a very important dietary constituent for humans and animals because of their richness with proteins (ranging from 20 to 27%, depending upon the crop species) and essential minerals, vitamins and dietary fibres. The protein content of grain legumes is double that of wheat and three times that of rice. Therefore, pulses as a complement to cereals, make one of the best solutions to protein-calorie malnutrition. Beside proteins, these are also important source of the 15 essential minerals required by human beings. Pulses occupy a unique place in India s nutritional food security.

3 Present Status of Pulses in India India is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. All time record pulses production of million tonnes is estimated during as per 4 th advance estimate. The previous highest pulses production of million tonnes was attained in the year The major pulses producing states are Madhya Pradesh (27.2%), Maharashtra (16.6%), Rajasthan (13.3%), Uttar Pradesh (9.5%), Karnataka (7.5%), Andhra Pradesh (4.2%), Gujarat (3.6%), Jharkhand (3.4%) and Chhattisgarh (3.2%), which together accounts for 88.5 % of the total production during

4 Share of individual pulses ( ) Other Rabi Pulses 13% Arhar 21% Urad 11% Gram 41% Moong 9% Other Kharif pulses 4%

5 Sr.No The details of production target for individual pulse crop during XII Plan ( million tonnes) Pulse crop * T A T A T A T A T A Arhar Gram Urdbean Mungbean Total pulses Kharif pulses Rabi pulses (* 4 th Advance Estimate) T= Target A= Achievement

6 Per Capita availability of Pulses in India S. No. Year Gram per capita per day Kg per capita per year Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance, 2015

7 Constraints in Pulses Production Poor genetic yield potential and lack of technological breakthrough in the varietal development. Inadequate availability of quality seeds of improved varieties. Inadequate and imbalanced use of nutrients Pulses suffer heavily from soil moisture stress/drought Yield losses due to insect-pests and diseases Lack of mechanization Area Expansion: Unutilized potential of rice fallows

8 Enhancing Pulses Production Approach I Productivity Enhancement Approach II Area Expansion

9 Approach - I : Productivity Enhancement Activities Improving Seed Replacement Rate Providing life saving irrigation in pulse districts Ensuring availability of critical inputs Mechanization for pulses production Action plan Advance planning for each state rolling seed plan; production of sufficient quantity of breeder seed and their conversion into foundation & certified seed; maintenance of seed buffer; public-private partnership and farmers participatory seed production Micro-irrigation through sprinklers or drip and rainwater harvesting Timely availability of critical inputs like bio-fertilizers, sulphur, zinc, gypsum, boron, bio- pesticides etc. at field level Farm machinery for essential agricultural operations like tillage, planting, harvesting, inter-cultivation, threshing, processing etc. through cooperatives or custom hiring 2/26/2018 9

10 Approach-II: Area Expansion Potential crop/ cropping systems Specific area/niche Increase by (million ha) 1. INTERCROPPING Mungbean with Sugarcane (Irrigated); & with Cotton & millets (Rainfed Upland) Pigeonpea with soybean, cotton, sorghum, millets & groundnut (Rainfed Upland) Chickpea with barley, mustard, linseed & safflower (Rainfed) Uttar Pradesh (Central, Eastern & Western), Bihar; Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh, Malwa (Madhya Pradesh), Vidarbha (Maharashtra ), Karnataka (North), Tamil Nadu Rajasthan(South Eastern), Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Vidarbha(Maharashtra ) Chickpea/lentil with autumn planted / ratoon sugarcane Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar /26/

11 Potential crop/ cropping systems 2. CATCH CROP Mungbean summer Approach-II: Area Expansion contd spring/ Specific area/niche Uttar Pradesh (Central &Western) Haryana, Punjab, Bihar, West Bengal 3. RICE FALLOWS Chickpea Uttar Pradesh (Eastern), Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha Increase by (million ha) Urdbean/mungbean Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Karnataka 0.20 Lentil Uttar Pradesh(Eastern), Bihar, West Bengal 0.10 Assam, Jharkhand Lentil/fieldpea North-East KHARIF FALLOW Urd/mung Uttar PradeshP (Bundel.), Madhya Pradesh 0.30 Total /26/

12 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses National Food Security Mission (NFSM) was launched in with the objective to increase pulses production by 2 million tonnes by the end of the 11 th Plan. The Government has given top priority to increase production of pulses in the country through area expansion and productivity enhancement. Consequently, the pulse production was increased from million tonnes in to million tonnes by , i.e million tonnes. NFSM was continued in 12 th Plan with new target of additional 4 million tonnes of pulses production. All time record production of million tonnes of pulses was achieved during and additional pulses production during 12 th plan was 5.86 million tonnes.

13 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Around 60% of the total allocation of NFSM is made towards NFSM- Pulses to increase the production of pulses in the country through area expansion and productivity enhancement. Financial assistance for various interventions like demonstration of improved technologies, distribution of quality seeds of new varieties, integrated pest management and soil amendments, farm machinery & implements, water saving devices and capacity building of farmers are being provided under NFSM and RKVY to enhance the production and productivity of pulses. Under revamped NFSM, the pulses component of NFSM is extended from 468 to 638 districts of 29 states including all districts of North-Eastern states and hill states like Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand.

14 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. The cultivation of pulses as inter-crop with cereals, oilseeds, commercial crops and on farm bunds of paddy fields is being promoted to increase the area under pulses. At least 30% of the cluster demonstrations under NFSM and BGREI are being conducted by adopting cropping system approach to utilize the paddy fallow area for pulses cultivation. Under NFSM, a programme of Additional area coverage for increasing pulses production during Rabi/Summer was also being implemented since to expand area and enhancement of productivity of pulses during rabi/summer season in major pulse growing states.

15 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Moreover, value chain integration of pulse growers through formation of Farmer-Producer Organizations (FPOs) are also being promoted through SFAC, particularly, to support the small and marginal farmers to offer collective strength for seed production, procurement and access to improved technologies. Besides this, primary processing of pulses is encouraged by establishment of mini dall mills under NFSM for realization of better market price. SAUs/ICAR/CGIAR institutes are also involved to address various researchable issues of pulses and demonstrations of latest technologies for better yield realization at farmers field.

16 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Enhancing Breeder Seed Production for Increasing Indigenous Production of Pulses in India For strengthening of breeder seed programme at ICAR institutes and SAUs project was approved in 2016 for 12 centers in 8 states with total budget of Rs lakh for 2 years ( & ). Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Kanpur is nodal agency for this project. During , total of quintals of additional breeder seed have been produced against target of quintals. Creation of seed hubs for increasing Indigenous production of pulses in India Total of 150 seed hubs have been approved starting from 2016 involving seven ICAR institutes, 46 AICRPs and 97 KVKs in 24 States with ICAR- IIPR, Kanpur as nodal agency for three years with total budget of Rs crore. During , total of quintals of certified seed have been produced against target of quintals. During , target of quintals of certified seed production has been fixed.

17 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Cluster Front Line demonstration on Pulses through ATARIs/KVKs Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs), a vast network of ICAR in the country, play an important role in demonstrating the improved crop production technologies in farmer s fields and multiplication of seeds of pulses. The demonstration of each pulse crop is organized in cluster approach and varieties included in demonstrations are not older than 10 years. During the year , cluster demonstrations were conducted on ha against target of ha involving eight ATARIs on lentil, green gram (summer), chickpea, field pea, black gram, Rajmash, French bean, pigeon pea, horse gram and cowpea. New high yielding varieties and best management practices were used in demonstration plots. During , hactare demonstrations of pulses are to be organized by 549 KVKs and Rs crore has been allocated for this purpose.

18 Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Seed mini-kits of pulses For expansion of cultivation of new varieties of pulses, a target of lakh number of seed mini-kits of pulses have been approved ( for Kharif, for Rabi and for Summer) for the year for distribution to farmers free of cost through State Governments.

19 Minimum Support Price (Rs/qtl) S. No. Commodity Kharif Crops 1 Arhar (Tur) Moong Urad Rabi Crops 4 Gram Masoor (Lentil) Source: CACP

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21 Crop Area (lakh ha) % Total Production (lakh tonnes) % Total Productivit y (kg/ha) Chickpea Lentil Pigeon pea Pea Beans Total Pulses FAO Statistics 2014

22 Global Ranking in area, production and yield of total pulses Country Area (lakh ha) Production (L tonnes) Country Area % Cont Prod % Cont Country Yield kg/ha India India Bahrain Niger Myanmar Ireland 5886 Myanmar Canada Israel 5576 Nigeria China Belgium 4445 Brazil China mainland Tajikistan 3985 Canada Brazil Denmark 3952 China Ethiopia China mainland Trinidad & Tobago USA UK 3755 Tanzania Russia Netherland 3639 Mexico Australia India 660 World World World 909 FAO Statistics 2014

23 Export Quantity in lakh tonnes Name of pulses % Share % Share (April- Feb) % Share Peas Chickpeas Tur (Arhar) Moong, Urad, Lentil Other Pulses Total Import Import Quantity in lakh tonnes Name of pulses % Share % Share (April- Feb) % Share Peas Chickpeas Tur (Arhar) Moong, Urad, Lentil Other Pulses Total Source: Department of Commerce

24 Pulses Top 5 Export Destination Top 5 Import Destination Shri Lanka (81.07%) Canada (60.97%) Nepal (12.56%) Russia (14.82%) Peas Ukraine (4.28%) USA (6.96%) USA (1.63%) France (5.36%) Bangladesh (0.42%) Lithuania (4.15%) Pakistan (35.60%) Australia (74.40%) Algeria (15.17%) Russia (16.49%) Chickpeas Turkey (8.58%) Tanzania (2.79%) Sri Lanka (8.07%) Myanmar (0.92%) U Arab EMTS (4.97%) USA (0.74%)

25 Pulses Top 5 Export Destination Top 5 Import Destination Moong/Urad Lentil USA (39.96%) Myanmar (70.37%) Shri Lanka (13.05%) Kenya (7.43%) UK (9.86%) Australia (6.32%) Australia (7.77%) Tanzania (3.15%) Malaysia (7.63%) Uzbekistan (2.60%) Sri Lanka (43.39%) Canada (89.58%) Bangladesh (18.11%) USA (7.47%) U Arab EMTS (8.35%) Australia (2.88%) Egypt (3.98%) Turkey (0.03%) USA (3.67%) Mozambique (0.03%)

26 Pulses Top 5 Export Destination Top 5 Import Destination USA (40.79%) Myanmar (46.35%) U Arab EMTS (18.28%) Tanzania (18.71%) Pigeon peas Canada (11.28%) Mozambique (15.36%) UK(10.75%) Malawi (12.56%) Singapore (5.11%) Sudan (3.36%) Source: Department of Commerce