Weed Control Strategies for Athletic Fields in North Carolina
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1 Weed Control Strategies for Athletic Fields in North Carolina Travis Gannon North Carolina State University web:
2 What We ll Talk About: Proposed EPA bans Annual bluegrass control Overseeded areas Nonoverseeded areas Ryegrass removal Herbicides for kyllinga spp. and dallisgrass control
3 TurfFiles Find this presentation and more online Sign-up for Turf ALERTS Learn about turfgrass pests: Weeds Insects Diseases Identify your turf or weed species using Decision Aids
4 Old Herbicides EPA Proposed Bans: MSMA, DSMA, CMA Triazine herbicides
5 Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass
6 Problems with Overseeding Bermudagrass Decreased herbicide options for weed control Increased weed incidence annual bluegrass
7 Problems with Overseeding annual bluegrass Tufted, clumped winter annual Yellow green Prolific seed producer Encouraged by seed bed preparation
8 Products Included Trade Name Form. Common Name Overseeding Rest. Balan 2.5G benefin 6-8 weeks Barricade 65WG prodiamine 8 weeks Dimension 40WP dithiopyr 8 weeks Pendulum 60WG pendimethalin 12 weeks Ronstar 2G oxadiazon 16 weeks
9 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control a ab 70abc 53c Barricade.5 Barricade.75 Ronstar 2 40 Pendulum Rates are lb ai/a applied 10 WBO, ratings taken 5-8, Forest Oaks CC, 2001
10 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control a 94a 80 71abc Barricade bc 45c Barricade.5 Ronstar 2 Pendulum 2 20 Dimension.5 0 Rates are lb ai/a applied 8 WBO, ratings taken 5-8, Forest Oaks CC, 2001
11 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control a 88a 91a 80ab Dimension.5 6WBO 60 Balan WBO Balan 2 X WBO&6WAO Barricade 2 X.38 8WBO&4WAO Rates are lb ai/a, ratings taken 5-8, Forest Oaks CC, 2001
12 Nontreated Barricade.75 10WBO
13 Barricade.5 10WBO Ronstar 2 10WBO
14 Pendulum 2 10WBO Barricade.5 8WBO
15 Barricade.38 8WBO Barricade 2 x.38 8WBO&4WAO
16 Ronstar 2 8WBO Pendulum 2 8WBO
17 Dimension.5 8WBO Dimension.5 6WBO
18 Balan WBO Balan 2 x WBO&6WAO
19 Clogged nozzle with Barricade application
20 Conclusions Across locations and years, Barricade applied at 0.5 lb ai/a provided acceptable control in all three trials Across locations and years, the following treatments provided acceptable annual bluegrass control in two of three trials: Barricade 0.6 lb ai/a 8 WBO Barricade 0.4 lb ai/a 8 WBO Dimension Ultra 0.5 lb ai 6 WBO Balan 2.75 lb ai/a 6 WBO
21 Conclusions Number of annual bluegrass germination flushes will vary Control less than optimum in years with multiple flushes later in the season To optimize control, utilize preemergent AND postemergent herbicide
22 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control Velocity 1.3 oz x 2 Velocity 2 oz x 2 Velocity 2.6 fb 1.3 oz WAIT 8 WAIT Nontreated Rates are per acre, initially applied 2-15, Tobacco Road GC, 2005
23 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control WAIT 8 WAIT Velocity 1.3 fb 2.6 oz Velocity 0.66 oz x 3 Velocity 1.3 oz x 3 Nontreated Rates are per acre, initially applied 2-15, Tobacco Road GC, 2005
24 Velocity 1.32 oz/a x 3 Velocity 0.66 oz/a x 3
25 Velocity 2.6 fb 1.3 oz/a Velocity 1.3 fb 2.6 oz/a
26 Velocity 2 oz/a x 2 Velocity 1.3 oz/a x 2
27 Conclusions The following treatments provided acceptable annual bluegrass control: Velocity 2 fb 2 oz Velocity 2.6 fb 1.3 oz Velocity 1.3 fb 2.6 oz Velocity 1.3 fb 1.3 fb 1.3 oz However, perennial ryegrass phytotoxicity will range from 10 30%, regardless of rate regime
28 Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control in Nonoverseeded Areas
29 % Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass Revolver 0.4 fl oz Revolver 0.8 fl oz Roundup Pro 1 qt WAT 4 WAT 8 WAT Rates are product per acre applied Poa annua was 3-8 tiller w/ seedheads at application. Quail Ridge, 2001
30 Nontreated
31 Revolver 0.4 oz/m
32 Roundup Pro 1 qt/a
33 % Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass Revolver 0.2 oz Revolver 0.4 oz Monument 0.47 oz + NIS Roundup Pro 1 pt 0 30 DAT 60 DAT 120 DAT Revolver rates are per 1000 ft², others are per acre applied Poa annua was tillered at application.
34 % Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass Princep 1 lb Monument 0.33 oz Revolver TranXit 1 oz 20 Certainty 1.33 oz 0 2 MAT 3 MAT Revolver rates are per 1000 ft², others are per acre applied
35 Princep 1 lb ai /A AAtrex 1 lb ai / A Roundup Pro 1 lb ai / A Treated Dec 22, 2003 Photo Feb 5, 2004
36 Conclusions The following treatments provided acceptable annual bluegrass control through 120 DAT when applied mid- January: Revolver 0.4 oz/m Monument 0.47 oz/a Applied mid-november, Monument (0.33 oz/a), Revolver (0.4 oz/m), and TranXit (1 oz/a) provided excellent control through 3 months after treatment. However, at 6 months after treatment, Monument provided good control while Revolver continued to provide excellent control.
37 Precautions for Using Sulfonylurea Herbicides Use around sensitive areas Lateral movement Tracking Applied early, control will break Timing of application is crucial Decreased herbicide performance if cool weather persists after application
38 and very phytotoxic to perennial ryegrass Metsulfuron is highly water soluble
39
40 Precautions for Using Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Herbicides Single application of simazine control may break Single application 2 lb ai/a Nov 15 With sequential application 1 lb ai/a Oct 15 fb Dec 15 Do not apply after Jan 01 glyphosate Provides no residual May delay bermudagrass greenup
41 % green-up Glyphosate sprayed at 33gpa on with XR11003 nozzles Spraying Glyphosate on Partially (15%) Greened- Up Tifway Bermudagrass Roundup Pro 8oz Roundup Pro 12 oz Roundup Pro 16 oz Roundup Pro 24 oz Roundup Pro 32 oz 0 9 DAT 24 DAT LSD 8.0 LSD 8.6 Nontreated
42 % green-up Spraying Glyphosate on Partially (15%) Greened- Up Tifway Bermudagrass Roundup Pro 8oz Roundup Pro 12 oz Roundup Pro 16 oz Roundup Pro 24 oz Roundup Pro 32 oz Nontreated 49 DAT 57 DAT LSD 6.7 LSD 5.5 Glyphosate sprayed at 33gpa on with XR11003 nozzles
43 Conclusions - PRE In nonoverseeded areas, prodiamine (Barricade) may be an option for preemergence control of winter annuals Depends if your field has recovered lb ai/a applied September 01
44 Overseeded Ryegrass Removal
45 Sulfonylurea Herbicides Certainty - sulfosulfuron Manor, Blade, Quali Pro MSM - metsulfuron Revolver - foramsulfuron Monument - trifloxysulfuron Tranxit - rimsulfuron
46 Bermudagrass Bermudagrass has a high light requirement and does not grow well under low light or shady environments Increased light intensity and daylength increase rhizome, stolon, and leaf growth Duble, 1996
47 Shade Tolerance of Various Turfgrasses Cool-Season Species creeping bentgrass Kentucky bluegrass rough bluegrass tall fescue fine fescue Shade Tolerance fair very poor excellent good excellent Beard (2002)
48 Shade Tolerance of Various Turfgrasses (cont.) Warm-Season Species St. Augustine zoysiagrass centipedegrass bermudagrass Shade Tolerance excellent good medium very poor Beard (2002)
49 Bermudagrass Under low light (<60% full sunlight), bermudagrass develops narrow, elongated leaves, thin upright stems, elongated internodes, and weak rhizomes Duble, 1996
50 Spring Transition The Problem Turf-type cool-season ryegrass cultivars that perform well during the autumn overseeding establishment and winter playing season tend to persist well into the spring and early summer Canopy shading results in impaired bermudagrass greenup and possible stand loss Beard (2002)
51 Bermudagrass spring transition (cont.) Biological indicator for greenup initiation 62 F at 4 inch depth Beard (2002)
52 Bermudagrass spring transition (cont.) Minimizing spring transition problems Lower mowing height Increased nitrogen fertility Light vertical mowing Core aerification Beard (2002)
53 Treatments Ammonium nitrate (4-25 & 6-13) -applied at 2 lbs / 1000ft 2 to wet turf foliage Core cultivation * Pronamide -applied at 1 lb ai/a Scalping * Vertical mowing * Vertical mowing / scalping * Nontreated * Treatments repeated every 2 weeks
54 Summary Verticutting, core aerifications and later ammonium nitrate application did not affect ryegrass transition. Horgan & Yelverton, Crop Sci.
55 Summary The perennial ryegrass in all treatments transitioned out at the same rate as the nontreated plots Thus environmental conditions ultimately dictated transition of overseeded perennial ryegrass to bermudagrass Horgan & Yelverton, Crop Sci.
56 Problem with Overseeded Bermudagrass Trend to hold perennial ryegrass too long in the spring and overseed too early in the fall
57 How Much Growth Does Bermudagrass Need (w/o ryegrass competition)? About 100 days (Observation) Anything less will lead to a gradual decline of bermudagrass over time
58 Spring Transition- What Happens to Bermudagrass? Bermudagrass is aggressive so is perennial ryegrass. In spring, competitive edge heavily favors perennial ryegrass. It s all about plant competition for resources!
59 Spring Transition- What Happens to Bermudagrass? Long-term health of bermudagrass will hinge on successfully growing it back in prior to overseeding in the fall.
60 Spring Transition- What Happens to Bermudagrass? Bermudagrass that is not well-established should not be overseeded.
61 Herbicide Application Rates Kerb 1.0 lb ai/a Manor or Blade 0.5 oz/a + NIS Revolver 0.4 oz/m or 18 oz/a Monument 0.3 oz/a + NIS Tranxit 1.0 oz/a + NIS Certainty 1.33 oz/a + NIS
62 What Are The Issues With Herbicde Use? Costs: ranges from $40-$100/acre How fast do you want to kill it? Dead and dying ryegrass is not pretty Herbicides are mobile
63 What Is The Best Herbicide To Use? All five are effective in removing ryegrass (some also kill Poa annua) The speed they remove ryegrass differs
64 Speed Of Kill with Transition Herbicides Revolver = Monument = Tranxit are faster than Manor which is faster than Kerb.
65 Speed of Kill with Transition Herbicides Revolver, Monument, Tranxit days Manor or Blade days Kerb days
66 % Control Removal of Overseeded Perennial Ryegrass in Bermudagrass with Herbicides bc 45bcd 61b 54bc 93a 95a 91ab 95a 39def Monument 0.3 oz TranXit 1 oz Manor 0.5 oz Revolver 17.4 oz Kerb 1 lb ai hi 2 WAT 4 WAT Rates are per acre applied June 2, Means within a rating date followed by same letter(s) are not significantly different (P=0.05). NCSU Turf Field Lab 2003.
67 Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia) & False Green Kyllinga (K. gracillima)
68 % Control False Green Kyllinga Control with Sulfentrazone lb ai.375 lb ai fb.25 lb ai Dismiss 4F sulfentrazone 0.3G.375 fb.375 lb ai LSD=11.0 Data collected , 82 DAIT. Rates are lb ai per acre. Sequential applied 6 WAIT.
69 % Control Monument 0.56 oz, Sedgehammer 1.33 oz, Certainty 1.25 oz/a + NIS. Data collected , 82 DAIT. Sequential applied 6 WAIT. False Green Kyllinga Control with Sulfonylureas application applications LSD= Monument Sedgehammer Certainty
70 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum)
71 MSMA fb Rev 2 fl oz/1000 ft 2 2WAIT fb MSMA 3WAIT Photo: 12 WAIT
72 MSMA fb Rev 2 fl oz/1000 ft 2 2WAIT fb MSMA 3WAIT Photo: 1 YAIT
73 Certainty 1.25 oz/a + MSMA 2 lb ai/a + NIS 0.25% applied May 2 and June 13, 2005 Photo June 27
74 QUESTIONS? Travis Gannon North Carolina State University web:
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