Current Food Security and Nutrition Challenges and the role of agriculture and food systems

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1 Current Food Security and Nutrition Challenges and the role of agriculture and food systems Sumiter Singh BROCA Policy Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Briefing on ICN2 Jakarta 29 Oct 2014

2 What is food security? Availability Sufficient quantity of food nationally: domestic production + net imports + (other things) Access Access by individuals to entitlements to acquire food (e.g. income) Utilization (or nutritional outcomes) Utilization of food by individuals: adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care. Stability of access Low risk of losing access to food 2

3 Undernourishment trends: Developing Regions Source: FAO/IFAD/WFP: State of Food Insecurity in the World

4 Undernourishment trends in Asia Source: FAO/IFAD/WFP: State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014

5 The changing distribution of hunger in the world: Numbers and shares of undernourished people by region in and Total = 805 million ( )

6 Malnutrition Global Facts 805 m people suffer from chronic hunger 162 million children under five years of age stunted Undernutrition major cause of death in children under five, causing 45% of all child deaths in 2013 Over 2 billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies Overweight and obesity affect 2.1 billion people 42 million children under five years are overweight Over 500 million adults affected by obesity in 2010

7 Stunting in Children: Global Source: UNICEF: 7

8 Stunting prevalence: Asian subregions South Asia East Asia and Pacific Source: UNICEF: 8

9 Proportion of undernourished in total population, selected Asian countries Source: FAO/IFAD/WFP: State of Food Insecurity in the World

10 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2012 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 in selected Asian countries

11 Obesity and overweight in Asia-Pacific 11

12 Micronutrient deficiencies still high in Asia Accumulative Mineral and Vitamin Deficiency Index, Asia Source: Maplecroft 2012

13 Problem of food losses and waste Asia-Pacific region is a hotspot for fruit, vegetable and rice losses to spoilage, damage and other causes 50 percent of fruits and vegetables Up to 37 percent of cereals 20 percent of meat and dairy products Nearly percent of the food supply is wasted after reaching dining tables in developed countries and middle income countries in Asia. 13

14 Global production in 2050 Compared to 2005/07, the world will need to produce every year 60% more food (77% in developing countries): 1 billion tonnes more of cereals (45%) 196 million tonnes more of meats (76%) 713 million tonnes more of roots & tubers (64%) 172 million tons more of soybeans (79%) 429 million tons more of fruits (68%) 365 million tons more of vegetables (47%)

15 Source: FAO: World Agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision Projected consumption to 2050: GDP per-cap ($ at 2005/07 prices) Food in kcal per person per day South Asia 2005/ Cereals (million tonnes) Meat (million tonnes) Milk and dairy products (milk equivalent, million tonnes)

16 Source: FAO: World Agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision Projected consumption to 2050 East and Southeast Asia GDP per-cap ($ at 2005/07 prices) Food in kcal per person per day 2005/ Cereals (million tonnes) Meat (million tonnes) Milk and dairy products (milk equivalent, million tonnes)

17 Is there enough land? million ha Arable land in use, 2005/07 Additional land projected to be in use, Developed countries sub-saharan Africa Latin America Near East / North Africa South Asia East Asia Source: Bruinsma, 2011

18 Is there enough water?

19 Most of the world s water is used for agriculture Source: FAO

20 Growth in cereal yields is slowing Growth rate, percent per year Wheat Rice (paddy) Maize Total cereals Source: Bruinsma 2011

21 Agric R&D expenditure growth slowed sharply from to

22 To sum up Region has made good progress in reducing food insecurity and malnutrition But big differences remain across sub-regions Growing challenges to achieving further reductions in malnutrition and food insecurity Role of food and nutrition policy remains critical

23 Thank you

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