Small Holders Move Up or Move out - Georgia case. Case of Georgia
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1 Small Holders Move Up or Move out - Georgia case. Case of Georgia
2 BASELINE CONDITIONS - SELF-SUFFICIENCY GEORGIA Livestock products Years Total meat 48% 41% 36% 39% 41% Diary products, milk 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% Eggs 98% 99% 100% 95% 96% Vegetables and cereals Vegetables 77% 73% 78% 75% 75% Potato 103% 85% 89% 100% 100% Maize 96% 92% 100% 96% 96% Wheat 6% 13% 9% 12% 12% MEAT SUPPLY/CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA (YEAR/KG) Georgia Azerbaijan Armenia Europe EU 104% 107% 101% 99% 106% 98% 115% Total Beef Pork Poultry Sheep and goat Other
3 EXPORT POTENTIAL Category Targeted production growth ( 000 tons) Investment (mln, USD) Fixed assets Working capital Total investment (mln. USD) Export Revenues (mln. USD) Potato Culinary Herbs Honey Total Permanent Crops Apple Kiwi Blueberry Walnut Pomegranate Hazelnut Tea Persimmon Total Total investment of million USD provide increase in annual export revenues of million USD 3
4 INVESTMENT POTENTIAL BY REGIONS
5 Strategy for Agriculture Development in Georgia Strategy of Agriculture Development in Georgia was approved by the Governmental Main strategy directions: 1. Enhanced competitiveness of rural entrepreneurs ; 2. Institutional development; 3. Amelioration and soil fertility; Decree #167 issued on 11st of February, Regional and sectorial development - value chain development; 5. Ensuring Food Security; 6. Food safety, veterinary and plant protection; 7. Climate change, environment and biodiversity; March, 2015
6 Foreign Trade Agro-Food Sector Export-Import of Agro-food products (mln.usd) Export of main agro-food products (mln. USD) ,7 1274,3 1291,6 1305,5 Hazelnut 166,6 183, ,7 512,5 774,3 825,9 wine 127,9 180, Mineral Water 106,9 137, ,3-479,6 Spirits 95,2 99, ,8 Export Import Trade Balance Source: GeoStat March,
7 Export to the European Union Export of agro-food products in European Union (thousand US dollars) Share of EU countries in the whole export of agro-food products ,3% 20,7% 23,6% 26,2% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% SHARE OF AGRO-FOOD EXPORT IN EU COUNTRIES 37% 9% 8% 21% 17% 8% Germany France Italy Lithuania Netherland Others % SHARE OF MAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS EXPORTED TO EU 5% 7% 11% 11% 66% Hazelnut Spirits Wine Mineral and Spring Water Others March,
8 Total Output and Added Value Agro Business Output Dynamic (mln. GEL) Output of food products made by processing agricultural products * Output of agricultural products Share of agrobusiness in the output of total economy (%) 17,5% 17,0% 17,1% 16,6% 17,7% 18,0% 18,5% 18,0% 17,5% 17,0% 16,5% 16,0% 15,5% 2 430, , , , * Processing of agricultural and food products Initial agricultural production Total added value in Agro sector March, 2015 Added Value in Agro Sector (current prices, mln. GEL) , ,1
9 The share of household food expenditure in total consumer expenditures 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Less than 30% Between 30-50% Between 50-75% More than 75% Not Enough
10 45% Giving preferences to price vs quality 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Never Rarely Often % 16% 43% 41%
11 Self-evaluation of household income Enough for food and for clothing Enough for food but not for clothing Not enough for food NA Can afford home appliances Can afford home appliances or vacation, but not luxury goods Can afford to buy luxury goods Can afford to buy luxury goods Can afford home appliances or vacation, but not luxury goods Can afford home appliances 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% NA Not enough for food Enough for food but not for clothing Enough for food and for clothing % 1% 5% 8% 9% 11% 18% 48%
12 Small Holder Farmer Factor/Problem Market Economy Limited Economic Base, Lack of skills&knowledge and limited access to services Higher production costs, low productivity and low competitiveness Small Holder Farmer
13 CONTEXT ANALYSIS Farm Size (Ha) Number of Farms % <0,1 57, , , , , > Total: 691,
14 CONTEXT ANALYSIS Average annual salary of a person employed in agriculture amounted to only 64% of national average in 2013 (GeoStat) Income derived from the selling of agricultural produce constituted only 11.6% of the total income for the year of 2013, which indicates that agriculture production is largely oriented towards self-consumption (Geostat) Average monthly income p/household (counting on average 4 persons) rural areas - GEL 500, approx. EURO 185 (ENPARD Baseline surveys, 2014) Out of the rural households with average monthly income of up to GEL 1000 (EURO 370) 21% continuously borrow money to purchase food stuffs whereas 39% - periodically takes credits to meet their household food needs.
15 CONTEXT ANALYSIS Average share of agricultural activity in the sources of income 20% Majority of income sources are derived from elderly pensions, social safety net and remittances from abroad Only 20-30% of the agricultural land is officially registered by the National Agency of Public Registry. Country remains highly dependent on food imports at a factor of almost 70% - this is not due to a lack of potential to substitute imports with a local production but due to extremely low competitiveness of local producers as well as to low productivity.
16 Potential Labor Comparatively well-educated farmers Land Fertile soils High biodiversity/ecosystems Lots of unused agricultural lands (stated-owned) Markets Internal market (imports substitution): Consumers prefer local products External markets: Georgia, good brand in former URSS republics Europe; DCFTA (?) and the proven success The Georgia colors had on the very map efficient distinguish agriculture the system soil during type; URSS Georgia s and before territory (10% of URSS production) represents great diversity of soils
17 Food Import Dependency Poor nutrition and food insecurity Low productivity and incomes
18 CONCLUSIONS There is an increasing of government foresight to public policies on agriculture with a potential for the triple win an area for critical growth, food security and poverty reduction. For Georgia Agriculture is both a growing sector and a poverty reduction sector. The poorest people in Georgia live in rural areas spending up to 70% of the household income on food; They are represented by nearly 650,000 smallholder farms in the country, with an average size of less than 1 ha. Agriculture still remains a source of self-employment for self-subsistence, rather than the economic activity for the overwhelming majority of the rural small holder households (20% to the income base).
19 CONCLUSIONS Despite of almost 1000% increase of state spending in support to agriculture sector, access of smallholders to and the availability of financial resources required for capital investment into the rural small holdings as well as for working capital still remains far less than desired. (lack of bankability and irrelevant modality of the grant financing schemes) The vast majority of measures implemented explicitly in support of smallholder production up until now are more of a social character rather than the economic one (such as so called ploughing program, input vouchers etc.); they are not demand based and are grounded neither on the SMART indicators for measuring impact nor on the carefully elaborated beneficiary selection criteria
20 CONCLUSIONS The allocated investments in the period of for the purpose of capital investment financing for agriculture cooperatives is low (average GEL 3,5 M p/annum) Only 20-30% of the agricultural land is officially registered by the National Agency of Public Registry. As a result, total area of agricultural land and distribution of parcels are unknown as well as the precise area of land retained in the state ownership. These factors complicate planning and execution of relevant programmatic measures on the one side and still rural small holder production remains an informal sector on the other side.
21 RECOMMENDATIONS Shift support from social projects to small holders to the economic ones through design, planning and implementation of capital investment grant schemes customized to the needs and capabilities of small holders. Decrease allocation for loan interest rate subsidy scheme and re-allocate GEL50m p/annum during at least ten years (Use ENPARD consortia models for capital investment schemes). Two areas require immediate solution: 1. Tackling land registration problems; and 2. Developing farm register - These processes can be boosted and accelerated through: a. Introduction of direct subsidies for land registration; b. setting registration of privatized agricultural land as well as registration at the farm register as one of the eligibility criteria for the farmers inclusion into the state support and/or subsidy programs
22 RECOMMENDATIONS Stipulate registered agricultural cooperatives to conduct nonbanking depositary and credit business (amendments in legislation, medium and long term investment and capacity building programs) Develop special long-term programs for integrating small holders production into the state procurement schemes for supplying food items to the public institutions such as schools, kindergartens, state ministries, agencies and departments, parliament as well as military, penitentiary, police and public health institutions. This is a long term undertaking that requires to be conducted in parallel to local production productivity and quality improvement support schemes and measures Give specific preferences to agricultural cooperatives in the process of privatizing state agricultural mechanization service - LTD Mechanizatori
23 4. Potential for local quality products (certified) Certified organic/in-conversion production in Georgia (Caucascert Ltd) Type of production Number of producers Land area ha Certified Organic ha Market (export/local) Essential oils export Wild collection (not specified) export Vineyard/Wine production local+7/export Diary&cheese production local Nuts local/export Tea local+1/export Laurel local/export Cereals local Persimmon local/export Wheat and rye local Honey&royal jelly local Vegetables local Pomegranate local/export Citruses and Kiwi local Cherry local Other (organic inputs) local/export
24 Immediately Required Actions Increase the Ministry of Agriculture s budget in time to 10 per cent of government expenditure. Support the expansion of the sown agricultural area, especially for staple food crops. Develop rural infrastructure, including transport, storage and rural waste services. Set up a national agricultural extension and training service, generally to be provided free and always to assist women as much as men. Ensure smallholders have enforceable legal title to their land, build up agricultural cooperatives, and create institutions for financial support. Provide special support for agriculture in mountainous regions. Assist all farmers to meet the new food safety standards introduced under the DCFTA. Develop the grape and wine sector, especially among smallholders. Develop rural and gastronomic tourism, as an important opportunity for rural development.
25 An important step was taken on July 1 st, 2016, when an Association Agreement with the EU came into full force. Like similar agreements reached by Moldova and the Ukraine, the main part of it is an agreement to create a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA), removing all tariffs on trade between the EU and Georgia and in other ways aligning Georgia s economy with the EU s. Most ambitiously, it will adapt Georgia s domestic legislation to match the laws that support the EU s Internal Market. This agreement undoubtedly offers advantages to Georgia. However, it also presents serious risks, especially in those parts of the legislation which will affect that half of the Georgian population who live off small family farming plots. For the new measures to achieve their potential and serve as catalysts for future development, they will need to be handled with great care. The Government needs to engage with and listen to smallholders, discover what their responses to the DCFTA are, and build on them. How serious are the risks, what need is there for complementary policies to counter them, and what should those policies be?
26 Thank You!
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