Reducing costs by getting soil fertility right!
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1 Reducing costs by getting soil fertility right! IFA Smart Farming Seminar 10 th April David P. Wall Teagasc, Johnstown Castle
2 Outline Soil fertility & fertiliser trends Balancing Lime, P and K fertiliser applications Building Soil fertility? Soil fertility management targets Wall, D.P, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle 2018
3 National Fertilizer Use (tonnes) N, P & K Fertilizer use Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Source: DAFM 0
4 Fertilizer Price ( / tonne) Fertilizer ost Teagasc Presentation Footer 4 Wall, D.P, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle 2018
5 Litres Milk to pay for kg of N, P or K Milk price ( /l) Impact of Farm prices: Milk P (litres/kg) K (litres/kg) N (litres/kg) Milk Price ( /l) Source: CSO Wall, D.P, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle 2018
6 National Soil Fertility Soils with Optimum Fertility (ph 6.3, P & K Index 3) Soil Fertility ,545 samples 11.6% 55% low in P 50% low in K 66% low ph (<6.3) Source: DAFM / Teagasc Soil fertility meeting crop production targets 88.4% Deficient soil fertility Wall, D.P, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle 2018
7 Lime: How Much Extra Grass Produced? 180 ROI 7:1 Return on investment of 4-7 in extra grass for every 1 in lime!
8 DMY (t/ha) Mean dry matter yield response to soil and fertilizer P (Schulte & Herlihy, 2007) Why Build Soil P & K Fertility? Herlihy et al Grass Yield response to Soil and Fertilizer P Index 3 Index 1 & 2 Low response to fertilizer Index 4 Soil supply sufficient to meet demands Yield response to increased soil P levels ~ 1.5 t/ha (worth 270/yr) Large variation between 15 Soil P (mg/l) soil types! K Similar response in silage (1-3 t/ha/yr) 45 kg/ha 30 kg/ha 15 kg/ha 0 kg/ha
9 Soil Fertility: to Build or not to Build??? Is it cost effective to build soil P (or K)? Soil fertility build-up: Increased P build-up option ~ 50 kg/ha of P Fertilizer to raise soil P by 1 mg/l (Cost: 50/ha/yr) Irish studies showing the soil test P response to build-up P applications ~ 125 kg/ha P Fertilizer to raise by 1 Index Reference Studies Conducted across a range of soils Land Use type 250 /ha to raise by 1 P Index ( 500/ha to go from Index 1 3) Need to be sure you ll use the extra grass!! Culleton et al Long term Cowlands, Johnstown Castle Grassland (grazing beef) Silage Yes harvest costs, etc Sheil et al., 2016, Long term P fertiliser study Grassland (simulated grazing) Grazing Index 1 vs. Index 3 for P ~ 1.5 t/ha of DM» Need to be set up to utilise this grass Wall et al., 2017, Heavy soils study (5 dairy farms ) Grassland (grazing dairy)» Equivalent to winter feed for 1 LU!!!!!!! P build-up required to achieve 1mg/L STP 59 kg/ha P for Index 1 56kg/ha P for Index 1 40 kg/ha for Index 2 76 kg/ha at P Index 1 50 kg /ha at P Index 2 Stocking rate increase and/or reduced feed costs needed to justify costs!!
10 Cost of lost production in Index 1 & 2 Same Example Dairy 2 cows / ha Index 3 Fertilizer advice (grazing) = 13 kg/ha P & 35 kg/ha K Cost of maintenance P & K = 60 /ha/yr Production loss in Index 1 vs. Index 3 for P &K Approx. 3.0 t/ha/yr of additional grass DM produced Increased grass production = 540/ha/yr Additional P & K for build up = 50 kg/ha P & 60 kg/ha K Additional Fertilizer Cost = 160/ha/yr until soil P / K increases Long-term investment benefits of increasing to Index 3 Soil ph needs to be right as well!
11 Steps to Soil Fertility Management Information Interpretation Index Description 1 Very Low 2 Low 3 Target 4 High Action Wall, D.P, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle 2018
12 Opportunity! Use tools/ technologies to improve decision making
13 Fertiliser Planning
14 Calculating Offtake
15 17 Teagasc Presentation Footer
16 Soil Fertility Management Targets Have soil analysis for whole farm Soil ph between 6 and 6.5 in all fields P and K Index 3 in all fields Index 4 is a resource Exploit it Index 1 & 2 identify and nourish Optimise slurry first then top up with fertilizer as required Nutrient inputs in proper balance Fertilizer planning is key! Soil fertility & fertiliser is a key investment to maintain a viable farming business!
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