Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada s Bioeconomy Research Initiatives
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1 Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada s Bioeconomy Research Initiatives Craig F. Drury, Benoit Girard, Alex Woodley, W. Dan Reynolds, Xueming Yang, Charles Lalonde (OFA), Maria Wellish, Lars Rehman (Western University), and Lori Phillips craig.drury@agr.gc.ca
2 Bioproducts in STB Strategy Matrix 9 X 4
3 AAFC s Scientists Deliver on Nine Sectoral Science Strategies *Based on 385 scientists
4 Bioproducts Strategy Objectives and Projects 1. Increase biomass yields and improve feedstock productivity, quality & availability Perennial forages (alfalfa, switchgrass and reed canary) Oilseeds, flax, carinata and camelina, cereals, corn 2. Improve sustainability of feedstock production and develop quantitative measures to support the development of sustainability metrics Agroforestry Corn stover 3. Identify components and properties in existing crops and livestock for value added industrial applications, and develop new purpose grown biomass crops Plant-made industrial, pharmaceutical and vaccine products Biopesticides Total plant utilization and co-products Biodigestion 4. Mitigate emerging biotic and abiotic threats to bioproducts feedstock
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6 Biomass Supply to Bio-products Several Initiatives partially funded through the AAFC Agri-Innovation Program Regional Assessment of Supply Field Trials (Demonstration and Research) Laboratory Analysis (Stover) Economic assessment Sector Readiness Sustainability
7 AAFC Strategic Policy Branch Bioeconomy Policy Group FPT Bioproducts Working Group Project: Bioproduct Value Chain Analysis (M. Wellisch) Define Status and Identify Gaps Agricultural Biomass suitable for bioproducts Type New Crops (annual) Crop Residues Perennials Wastes (livestock) Wastes (processing) Examples Carinata, Camelina Corn stover, Flax straw, Hemp stalks Switchgrass, Miscanthus, Jerusalem artichoke Manure Screenings, off-spec Stover Production Conversion Product Use - C6 - C5 - lignin V a l u e C h a i n
8 Corn (Canada) Breeding Agronomy Corn Production Silage Production with Manure returned to field Animal Feed cracked grain Grain Finely ground grain Cobs + Stover Chopped/ Soil Partial Stover Removal Food Manufacturing (corn grits, hominy, corn meal, corn flour) Corn Milling (fractionation: bran, gluten, starch, and germ) Stored Transported Cleaned Wholesaler Protein Starch Corn Oil Fibre Stover to Sugar Production C5, Lignin Retailer Food Manufacturing Many applications Industrial Manufacturing Many applications Ethanol Production C6 Chemical Production Animal Feed Inputs (energy, fuel, chemicals, recycled materials, etc.) 8
9 Economic Assessment of Stover Harvesting & Removal 250,000 t per year bio-refinery model Cellulosic material converted to sugars for green chemistry products Value of corn stover based on cellulose, hemi cellulose and lignin - C6 sugar - C5 sugar and lignin as co-products Value of a tonne of stover $80/t
10 Corn Stover Harvest & Baling Demonstrations at the Outdoor Farm Show
11 Harrow Research & Development Center AAFC, Ontario, Canada
12 Corn Stover Research Trials
13 Surface Residue Mid Season
14 Stover Removal Project Research Design Objectives: To determine the optimal rate of corn stover removal that would be sustainable Treatments: Soils: - Corn stover residue removal rates: - 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% removal - Conventional tillage and no-tillage - Brookston clay loam - Fox sandy loam
15 Corn Emergence Harrow sandy loam Conventional Tillage No-Tillage 100 Corn Emergence (%) Days after planting Days after planting 0% Stover removal 25% Stover removal 50% Stover removal 75% Stover removal 100% Stover removal
16 Corn Grain Yields 2015 Harrow sandy loam Brookston clay loam Corn Grain Yields (t ha -1 ) Corn Grain Yields (t ha -1 ) Conventional Tillage No-Tillage 6 Conventional Tillage No-Tillage Residue Removal Rate (%) Residue Removal Rate (%)
17 Corn Stover Biomass 2015 Harrow sandy loam Brookston clay loam Corn Stover Biomass (t ha -1 ) Corn Stover Biomass (t ha -1 ) Residue Removal Rate (%) Conventional Tillage No-Tillage Residue Removal Rate (%) Conventional Tillage No-Tillage
18 Particulate Organic Matter Harrow sandy loam Particulate Organic Matter (% change) Residue Removal Rate (%) Conventional Tillage No-Tillage
19 10 Carbon Dioxide Emissions Harrow sandy loam 2015 Conventional Tillage No Tillage Cumulative Product (t CO 2 -C ha -1 ) % Stover Removal 25% Stover Removal 50% Stover Removal 75% Stover Removal 100% Stover Removal Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
20 Highlights/Successes Preliminary results indicate that corn grain yields and corn stover biomass can increase with corn stover removal. This is due in part to the improved soil conditions in the spring especially for no-tillage treatments.
21 Highlights/Successes Soil microbial processes were impacted by stover removal and conservation tillage as demonstrated by the: - Stover removal was associated with a reduction in CO 2 emissions with conventional tillage whereas there was no effect with no-tillage - - Stover removal increased POM at: - 0 to 50% removal rates for conventional tillage - 0 and 25% removal rates for no-tillage
22 Acknowledgements We appreciate the support provided by: Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD) Natural Resources Canada Agro-Ecosystem Productivity and Health Program Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ontario Federation of Agriculture
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