A PROFITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CATTLE PRODUCTION IN SMALL HOLDERS EGYPTIAN HERDS BY THE USE OF ADAPTED GENETIC MATERIAL

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1 A PROFITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CATTLE PRODUCTION IN SMALL HOLDERS EGYPTIAN HERDS BY THE USE OF ADAPTED GENETIC MATERIAL By Ahmed TAWFIK, head of GOVS, Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture

2 EGYPT Population : 69 million people, Concentrated in 5 % of the land 3 million people living from breeding 2,7 million cows 1,7 million buffalos. Fayoum Beni Souef Climate : Mediterranean on the coast of Alexandria, Middle desertic near Cairo, Total desertic in the south.

3 GENERAL SCHEDULE 1 INVOLVING IN THE PROGRAMM breeders 6 TO GENETIC AUTONOMY Local semen production 5 SELECTION Station de Beni-Souef IDENTIFICATION animals 3 INSEMINATION females 3rd generation 4 BIRTH 2 nd generation registered 1st generation

4 From first doses up to genetic autonomy Method The local female herd is low producing and has a poor morphology + ABONDANCE ABONDANCE or TARENTAISE Providing genetic improvement using proven bull s semen from adapted breeds + Animal Insemination (A.I) 1st generation and its calve F1 (1 st generation) = 50 % exotic blood and F2 (2nd generation) = 75 % dam and its daughter and F3 (3rd generation) = 87,5 % exotic blood following Baladi and its calve (1st generation)

5 Method Baladi Very little productive Bad morphology RETOUR

6 Method or ABONDANCE 2 hardy Breeds : Possible adaptations according to the breeders and their needs TARENTAISE Genetic contribution by the semen of adapted breeds. RETOUR

7 Method Animal Insémination (A. I.) RETOUR

8 Method Baladi and its calve (1st generation) 1st generation and its calve F1 (1 ST generation) = 50 % exotic blood and F2 (2 nd generation) = 75 % dam and its daughter and F3 (3 rd generation) = 87,5 % exotic blood RETOUR

9 Method Identification by ear-tagging Record by computing and data processing (training in France) Training of key personnel and local technical assistance Performances tests (Weight measurement)

10 Method Choice and purchase of best 3rd generation bulls from pedigree and morphological traits for evaluation in station Local production of semen and results appraisal (growth and semen quality)

11 Results of Animal Insemination Frozen semen used : doses Abondance Tarentaise doses doses Females inseminated Pregnancy test positive : 69 % Baladi s insemination Satisfied veterinary and breeders showing the French doses used on their cows.

12 Results zootechnical activities animals identified By ear-tagging (cows and calves) Birth Identifications (1st & 2 nd generation) Easy calving : 99,7 % Operator preparing the installation of ear-tagging for the identification Weight of 1st generation with birth (Kg) 1st generation Ab 1st generation Ta Average Males 31,4 31,1 31,3 Females Average 29,7 30,6 29,1 30,2 29,4 30,4

13 Results zootechnics activities Easy calving Better resistance to the unfavourable food conditions and the diseases that more specialized races milk.

14 Results Crossed animals 1st generation Milk production Liter / day Pure Baladi 1st generation 50% Ta 1st generation 50% Ab 1st and 2 nd generation 75 % Ab & Ta Average (*) 4 to 5 11 to to to 15 Maximum (*) 8 à 9 > 16 > 19 > 25 (*) Results under the traditional conditions of Egyptian breeding and supplies.

15 Results Crossed animals 1st generation Milk Production Crossed Baladi X Tarentaise 18 kg of milk by day The dairy production of the crossed animals (1st generation) is largely improved, just like the persistence and the length of lactation. The genetic potential of the crossed animals is not always expressed. The optimization of the production requires an improvement of the management of the herd : food and sanitary arrangements. Improvement of dairy production : X 3

16 Results Crossed animals 1st generation Males Pure Baladi 1st generation 50% Ta 1st generation 50% Ab Growth of the males to the fattening Weight at 12 months 210 Kg 273 Kg 292 Kg Estimate starting from barymetric measurements: Nearly volumetric measurements out of the two sexes (*) 1st generation Ta = Crossed Baladi x Tarentaise (**) 1st generation Ab = Crossed Baladi x Abondance Daily profit 550 g/day 750 g/day 800 g/day

17 Results Crossed animals 1st generation Growth of the males to the fattening Cross bull calf local race X Abondance 16 months : 450 kg Cross bull calf Baladi X Tarentais 14 month : 380 kg The crossed animals F1 are sold in butchery on market 3 to 4 months before pure Baladi (14/15 months instead of 18/20). At this age, their weight is approximately 450 kg. This precocity decreases the food cost of fattening by more than 20%.

18 Results Crossed animals 1st generation females crossed in farm Females 1st generation 50% Ta 1st generation 50% Ab Weight at 12 month 241 Kg 246 Kg Daily profit 580 g/day 591 g/day (*) 1st generation Ta = Crossed Baladi x Tarentaise (**) 1st generation Ab = Crossed Baladi x Abondance

19 Results Crossed animals 1st generation Meat production Improvement of beef conformation + 30 % meat + 15% yield of carcass Better valorization of kg

20 Economic Results Theoretical annual economic profit by 1st generation cow (Ab ou Ta) Calculation carried out on 4 calvings by cow in 5 years of presence in the breeding, the traditional conditions of Egypt. Comparison with the results obtained on pure Baladi. Rate of exchange used : EGP = 0,2744

21 Meat product : FROM FIRST DOSES UP TO GENETIC AUTONOMY Economic Results Theoretical annual economic profit by 1st generation cow (Ab ou Ta) Descent = 1 calf by year 2 males Kg per animal (sale at 18 months) 2 females + 75 Kg per animal (sale to the reform) soit Kg par vache F1 et par an Reform = + 75 Kg per 5 years = + 15 Kg per year Total meat product Selling price Kg per year 3,3 per Kg ESTIMATED ECONOMIC PROFIT FOR MEAT : 429 per year

22 Economic Results Theoretical annual economic profit by cow 1st generation (Ab ou Ta) Milk Product : Superiority production of 1st generation = liters by lactation is : liter x 4 lactations = Kg per year 5 years Total milk product Selling price litres per year 0,17 per litre ESTIMATED ECONOMIC PROFIT FOR MILK : 191 per year.

23 Results Economic Theoretical annual economic profit by 1st generation cow (Ab ou Ta) Kg meat / year Kg milk / year

24 Economic Results Theoretical annual economic profit by 1st generation cow (Ab ou Ta) The production of milk and meat is to be considered in relation with the reduced food needs and the low maintenance costs

25 = animals x 155 Kg x 3,3 /Kg 1st generation = Males Females 1st generation Milk Product FROM FIRST DOSES UP TO GENETIC AUTONOMY Economic Results Theoretical estimate of the return on genetic investment = animals x 4 lactations x liters x 0,17 /liter = Meat Reform = animals x 75 Kg x 3,3 /Kg of meat = Not taken into account of the product milk and meat resulting from the 2nd generation animals Total of plus value generated by the programm : Programme Cost : The relationship between the genetic investment and the generated products is of more than 1 to 10.

26 Results General Assessment Meeting of the French and Egyptian Ministers of Agriculture and the Ambassador The team of Fayoum A technical exchange which supports also the human exchanges at all levels A program with recognized results which satisfies the breeders and their families Associations of breeders To develop the genetic potential

27 PARTENERS Nicole BLOC, Chairman 14 chemin des Aubépines FRANCHEVILLE FRANCE Tèl. 33 (0) Fax 33 (0) GOVS General Organisation of Veterinary Service FRENCH EGYPTIAN PROGRAM NADI EL SEID ST DOKKI GIZA CAIRO - EGYPTE A : Tawfik, Chairman Tèl tawfik@claes.sci.eg Philippe AME, French Chairman 10, Aziz Osman ZAMALEK LE CAIRE EGYPTE Tèl p.ame@link.net

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