Agriculture and Rural Land Use. Unit 5

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1 Agriculture and Rural Land Use Unit 5

2 Agriculture Raising of animals or growing of crops to obtain food for consumption or sale

3 History of Agriculture Hunting and gathering Nomads Agricultural Revolution Planting seeds, returning to that land to cultivate crops Animal domesticationtaming wild animals for human benefit

4 History of Agriculture 2 nd Agricultural Revolution Technology through Industrial Rev. bettered the production and distribution of products 3 rd Agricultural Revolution Biotechnology Genetic engineering Takes place in a laboratory and then tested in the field

5 History of Agriculture Double-cropping: growing of two crops per year to double the harvest Triple-cropping: growing of three crops per year to double the harvest

6 Agricultural Hearths Carl Sauer- creator of cultural ecology Humans had power over their environment and weren t the product of their environment Mapped out agricultural origins of vegetative planting and seed agriculture

7 Agricultural Hearths Vegetative Plantingremoving part of a plant and putting it in the ground to grow a new plant. Seed Agriculture-taking seeds from existing plants and planting them to produce new plants.

8 Where Did Agriculture Begin? Vegetative Planting Central America and Northwestern South America Aztecs, Mayans, Incas Manioc, sweet potato, arrowroot Turkeys, llamas, alpacas

9 Where Did Agriculture Begin? Vegetative Planting Western Africa Yams and palm oil Cattle, sheep, goats

10 Where Did Agriculture Begin? Vegetative Planting Southeast Asia Root crops, banana and palm trees Dogs, pigs, chickens

11 Where Did Agriculture Begin? Seed Agriculture Southern Mexico Squash, beans, cotton Northeastern Africa Coffee Northern China Millet Northeastern India Rice

12 Subsistence Farming Producing food you need to survive Commercial farming or cash crop farming is food you produce to sell 3 types of subsistence farming: Slash and burn Nomadism Intensive subsistence agriculture Extensive subsistence agriculture-tend to cause issues with soil erosion, water degradation.

13 Changes in Cultivation Shifting cultivation-moving of farm fields after some years in search of better soil. Farmer does not try to fix old soil Slash-and-burn agriculture-burning vegetation to clear for crops

14 Changes in Cultivation Pastoral Nomadism Moving animals on a seasonal basis to areas that have necessary resources to meet the needs of the herd.

15 Changes in Cultivation Intensive subsistence agriculture-more work needed to obtain the same level of production Wet rice Rice sawahs-flooded fields Wheat Barley

16 Changes in Cultivation Intertillage-clearing of rows in fields using manual equipment

17 Livestock Farming and Ranching Dairy Farming-type of commercial agriculture Mixed livestock with crop production-commercial agriculture Cows fed with crops grown on the farm Livestock Ranchingcommercial agriculture MDCs

18 Other Types of Commercial Agriculture Specialized Fruit Production-orchards Plantation Agriculture-LDCs, one crop Truck Farms-farmers produce fruits for the market

19 Other Types of Commercial Agriculture Suitcase Farms-no one lives on the property, migrant workers Agribusiness-mass production of agricultural products Agricultural industrialization-increased mechanization of the farming process to increase productivity and profits. Grain Farming-mass planting and harvesting of grain crops Staple grains: wheat, barley

20 Johann Heinrich von Thunen Model Focus on commercial agriculture 6 rings around the market

21 Ring One: Market-Gardening Heavy, bulky products Close to the market because: Spoil, cost of transport Market-Gardening

22 Ring Two: Dairy Farming Must be produced close to market Trucks must keep products cold Dairy Market- Gardening

23 Ring Three: Livestock Fattening Adding weight to animals to raise sales Livestock Livestock Dairy Market- Market-Gardening

24 Ring Four: Commercial Grain Farming Wheat, corn, millet, etc. Transportation and production is fast Sell product to a producer who makes a product (ex: wheat to bread) Grain Farming Livestock Dairy Market- Gardening

25 Ring Five: Livestock Ranching Need more land for grazing Transportation is infrequent Livestock Ranching Commercial Grain Livestock Dairy Market- Gardening

26 Ring Six: Nonagricultural Land Use Farmers cannot produce agricultural products for money due to how far they are from the market. Nonagricultural Livestock Ranching Commercial Grain Livestock Farming Dairy Market-Gardening

27 Examples? Issues With The Model?

28 Rural Land Use and History Metes and bounds vs. township and range systems

29 Important Terms To Know: Environmental Modification-introduction of manmade chemicals and practices to an area. Desertification-enlarging deserts within arid regions (mostly due to overgrazing). Aquaculture-commercial farming of fish. Creative Destruction-removal of what was naturally occurring in a location Planned Economy-government controlled economy, often tells farmers what they can produce, and how much.

30 AP Terms to Know: Primary economic activities extracting raw materials from the earth Secondary economic activities industrial sector, take a raw material and create some type of product Tertiary economic activities Service sector Quaternary activities cannot hold/touch; selling of Internet time or cell phone services, taxes/financial service s Quinary activities management decisions of a society; people who make decisions concerning trade of commodities at the government and executive business level

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