U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries 미국의농장정책및개발도상국. Dr. Gary W. Williams Professor of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries 미국의농장정책및개발도상국. Dr. Gary W. Williams Professor of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University"

Transcription

1 U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries 미국의농장정책및개발도상국 Dr. Gary W. Williams Professor of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University

2 U.S. FARM POLICY AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Agriculture and Development - What is a less developed country? - Two polar views of the role of agriculture in overall economic development Brief Review of U.S. Farm Policy - Farm policies the U.S. has abandoned - U.S. farm policies currently in place - Changes likely under the new U.S. Farm Bill 2018(?) The Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries

3 Agriculture and Development What Is A Less Developed Country? Comparing levels of per capita income is the most common method of defining level of development system World Bank Development Classification countries with populations of 30,000+ categorized by their annual per capita income levels into 5 groups: (1) Low-income countries (LICs) - $1,025 or less (2) Lower-middle-income countries (LMCs) - $1,026 to $4,035 (3) Upper-middle-income countries (UMCs) - $4,036 to $12,475 (4) High-income OECD countries } $12,476 or more (5) Other high income countries

4 Agriculture and Development World Bank Country Development Classification by Per Capita Gross National Income (GNI) Levels

5 Agriculture and Development

6 Agriculture and Development Ranking Countries by Level of Development - New Human Development Index (HDI) (2010)» Attempt by UNDP to compare relative development among countries using a broader concept of development» Ranks 187 countries by their human development on a scale of 0 (low) to 1 (high) based on four important aspects of development: (1) life expectancy at birth (2) mean years of schooling (3) expected years of schooling of today s school children (4) real gross national per capita incomes» Ranks the countries into three groups: (1) Low human development (index of ) (2) Medium human development (index of ) (3) High human development (index of )» The HDI reveals that: (1) a country can do much better than might be expected at a low level of income and (2) substantial income gains can still accomplish relatively little in human development.

7 Agriculture and Development New Human Development Index for 23 Selected Countries (2008 data)

8 Agriculture and Development Developing Countries Share Some Important Characteristics 1. Relatively high share of LDC population is employed in agriculture.

9 Agriculture and Development 2. The agricultural labor share of total labor decreases with increases in GDP per capita

10 Agriculture and Development 3. The more agriculturally-based a country, the greater the rural percentage of the country s poor Agriculture s Contribution to Growth and the Rural Share of Poverty in 3 Types of Countries

11 Agriculture and Development 4. LDC ag sectors account for much of the employment but less of the output than industrial sectors Agriculture s Share of Output and Employment in Selected Countries, United States European Union Republic of Korea Source: World Bank Development Report

12 Agriculture and Development 5. LDC ag production is growing Average annual growth rates in agricultural production, from 1995 to

13 Agriculture and Development 5. LDC ag production is growing and faster than population.

14 Agriculture and Development - Africa continues to face severe food production challenges despite some rebound in the last decade. Food Production Index, ( = 100) World 40 Africa

15 Agriculture and Development - On a per capita basis, African food production has made little progress Food Production Per Capita Index, ( = 100) Africa World

16 Agriculture and Development - But African agricultural output per capita performance has been highly mixed across countries

17 Agriculture and Development 6. Uneven global distribution of agriculturally productive land is part of the problem

18 Agriculture and Development 7. Low productivity is a problem Many LDC farms are inefficient and low-productivity subsistence family operations Labor productivity increasing but at much slower pace than in DCs Low LDC land productivity as well.

19 Agriculture and Development - U.S. and other DC agriculture is more highly efficient as a result of technology adoption» DC farm output productivity has increased steadily since 1800s» Sharp jump in the 1940s due to new technology development and adoption

20 Agriculture and Development Two polar views on agriculture-to-development link 1. Agriculture as a supplier of resources for economic development: - Agriculture plays passive role in development as a supplier of resources, primarily labor, to support industrialization and development of a modern sector (Lewis Two Sector Model). - Development of agricultural sector not necessary for overall development. - In fact, agricultural development retards overall development by competing with the modern sector for resources. 2. Agricultural growth as a pre-condition for overall economic development Agricultural growth: - provides source of growing food supplies to feed economic growth - reduces dependence on foreign sources of food - reduces cost of food - increases incomes among the most poor and creates internal market for modern sector goods - increases urban employment and wages - promotes agricultural exports and foreign exchange earnings - leads to greater international economic independence - increases tax base and revenues for overall development projects

21 Agriculture and Development Lewis Two-Sector Surplus Labor Theory The focus is on the structural transformation of a primarily subsistence, agricultural economy with two sectors: (1) Traditional sector: - overpopulated, rural subsistence sector with MP L = 0 (2) High-productivity, modern, urban, industrial sector to which surplus rural labor is transferred Focus on the process of labor transfer from traditional sector and growth of output and employment in the modern sector: Labor transfer and employment growth results from output growth The speed of output growth determined by rate of industrial investment and capital accumulation in urban sector Investments are made possible by excess urban sector profits over wages, assuming all such profits are re-invested The wage level in the urban sector is fixed and set at some premium over the average wage level in the agricultural sector

22 The Lewis Model of Modern-Sector Growth in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labor Economy Total Profit output D 1 Share of Total Output Paid to Labor

23 The Lewis Model of Modern-Sector Growth in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labor Economy Total Profit output D 1 Share of Total Output Paid to Labor

24 Brief Review of U.S. Farm Policy Over the years, U.S. farm policy has been criticized as being anti-developmental Since the 1930s, the U.S. has operated four main types of policies to support its farm sector: 1. Price Support Policies: 1930s through early 1980s Government Surplus Purchase (Stockholding) Program» Began in 1930s as a means of raising prices to farmers.» Huge government stocks of commodities in the 1960s and 1970s.» Abandoned in the early 1980s Demand Expansion Programs Began in 1960s and most continue under current farm policy:» Foreign economic development programs» Alcohol fuels programs» Food subsidy programs (SNAP) for low income consumers» School lunch program for low income school children» Many others. Supply Control Programs» Began in 1930s as a means of reducing surpluses from price supports.» Discontinued with the 1996 Farm Bill.

25 Brief Review of U.S. Farm Policy 2. Revenue/Income Support Policies: began in the 1980s Direct payments to farmers (decoupled payments): Began in 1996 Farm Bill but eliminated in 2014 Farm Bill Coupled Payments: Current policy under 2014 Farm Bill Farmers can choose between two programs: (1) Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program» A PRICE-based countercyclical program.» Farmers receive a subsidy equal to the difference between the support price (called the reference price ) and the market price.» When the market price goes down, the subsidy goes up and when market price goes down, the subsidy goes up.» Consequence: Production is higher and market price is lower. (2) Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) program» A REVENUE-based countercyclical program.» Farmers receive a subsidy equal to the difference between a guaranteed revenue per acre and their actual revenue per acre» When the farm revenue goes down, the subsidy goes up and when farm revenue goes down, the subsidy goes up.» Consequence: Production is higher and market price is lower.

26 Brief Review of U.S. Farm Policy 3. Crop Insurance: began in the 1930s but subsidies have increased under recent farm bills Crop insurance is a risk management tool Producers purchase crop insurance to protect against the loss of their crops due to natural disasters such as hail, drought, freezes, floods, fire, insects, disease, and wildlife, or the loss of revenue due to declines in price. Rather than support farm prices or revenue, crop insurance helps eliminate wide swings in farm revenue from year to year as a result of natural disasters and other production and price risks. The cost of crop insurance is federally subsidized and regulated and is sold by private crop insurance agents and companies whose costs are also subsidized. Crop insurance has grown from a small program to become a key component of U.S. farm policy in helping farmers manage the risks in farming. Nearly 90% of U.S. crop acreage is covered by crop insurance

27 Brief Review of U.S. Farm Policy 4. Trade Policies Export Subsidies Abolished under WTO in 2015 (the Nairobi package ) Import Tariffs - Reduced under WTO - Free Trade and Trump s Fair Trade - Trump s tariff trade war may hurt the U.S. agricultural sector but perhaps not as severely as many think.

28 Effect of Chinese Import Tariffs on US. Agricultural Exports Recent research shows that a 25% Chinese tariff on imports of U.S. soybeans, pork, cotton, and sorghum results largely in a change of destination of U.S. exports. So the result is largely a change in the patterns of world trade and small effect on the volume of trade. In the case of soybeans, U.S. exports fewer soybeans to China but more elsewhere while South America exports more soybeans to China but less to other countries. Zheng, Wood, Wang, Jones, Choices, 2018

29 Effect of Chinese Import Tariffs on US. Agricultural Exports Another recent paper concludes that the 25% Chinese tariff on U.S. agricultural commodities could reduce world trade in agricultural commodities and raise prices (benefits producers and harm consumers in low income countries). The extent of the effect depends on elasticities (responsiveness of supply, demand and trade to price changes). Taheripour and Tyner, Choices, 2018.

30 Effect of Chinese Import Tariffs on US. Agricultural Exports That same paper shows that the 25% Chinese tariff is a lose lose proposition for both China and the United States. The loss in economic well-being is about the same in both countries. South America and other countries experience significant improvements in their economic well-being. Taheripour and Tyner, Choices, 2018.

31 Effect of Chinese Import Tariffs on US. Agricultural Exports In response to the 25% Chinese tariff, U.S. producers will adjust by switching to the production of other commodities. Development consequence: LDC producers of soybeans, sorghum, cotton, pork and other products will benefit but LDC producers of most other commodities will be harmed. Taheripour and Tyner, Choices, 2018.

32 Brief Review of U.S. Farm Policy 4. Trade Policies Export Subsidies Abolished under WTO in 2015 (the Nairobi package ) Import Tariffs - Reduced under WTO - Free Trade and Trump s Fair Trade - Trump s tariff trade war may hurt the U.S. agricultural sector but perhaps not as severely as many think. The 2014 Farm Bill expires this year. However, the 2018 Farm Bill will not likely make drastic changes in U.S. farm policy.

33 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries Price support policies: - The U.S. abandoned farm price support as a policy objective more than 20 years ago. - Demand expansion policies still used extensively (biofuel subsidies, food stamps, school lunch programs, advertising programs, etc.) Revenue/income support policies are now the main linkage between U.S. farm policy and development. - The consequence is substantially higher U.S. agricultural production and lower world prices through payments of subsidies to producers. - The criticism is that the U.S. is paying rich farmers in a rich country to produce more and dominate world agricultural markets at the expense of poor farmers in poor countries. Crop insurance helps reduce world price and production volatility - No price support or production change

34 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries Trade policies: - U.S. no longer utilizes export subsidies on agricultural commodities. - WTO agreement reduced the level and impact of import tariffs U.S. Average Import Tariff Rates, Trump tariff war could erase gains made in reducing trade barriers... or force countries to negotiate leading to more free trade

35 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries So does U.S. farm policy have a negative effect on the economic development of LDCs? - Yes. and No. or Maybe! - U.S. farm policies have switched:» FROM anti-development price support policies that RAISE food prices in low income countries (but also stimulate LDC production)» TO anti-development revenue support policies that REDUCE LDC food production and incomes of low income farmers (but also reduce the cost of food in low income countries)» But crop insurance policies help stabilize LDC markets for both producers and consumers» A tariff war between developed countries could SUPPORT world prices for those particular commodities and LDC production (but also further increase the cost of food in low income countries). BUT the opposite would be the case for other commodities as U.S. production pattern changes. - Which is worse?» The current policies that discourage production in LDCs but hold down the cost of food to billions of low income consumers?» Or policies that encourage production in LDCs but increase the cost of food to billions of low income consumers?

36 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries But remember two things: (1) The U.S. is not the only developed country to support and subsidize its farm sector or the worst. Percent of Farm Receipts from Government Payments, * * PSE as a % of gross farm receipts

37 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries But remember two things: (2) U.S. farm policy also includes direct assistance to LDC agricultural development - Key objective in U.S. farm policy - Agricultural development activities help poor people in developing countries feed themselves. - As agriculture sectors become more productive, labor can then be transferred out of agriculture and employed in other economic activities, making the economy less dependent on agriculture. - U.S. economic development followed this process. Also, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other formerly less developed countries. - Development brings increases in incomes and standards of living. - Increased income leads to increased demand for food. - U.S. is major food exporting country so foreign economic development leads to increased foreign demand for food and increased exports of U.S. agricultural and food products.

38 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries Four General Categories of U.S. Economic Development Assistance: (1) Institution building - helping developing countries build governmental and private institutions to support and administer an efficient agriculture and food system such as land and property rights management, extension services, producer marketing cooperatives, and much more. (2) Infrastructure development - building transportation, energy, irrigation systems, storage facilities, etc. essential to the efficient functioning of agricultural markets and too expensive for developing countries alone to finance. (3) Technical assistance providing services of experts from developed countries to assist in institution building and infrastructure development. (4) Applied research funding for research by U.S. and international agencies to find practical solutions to problems facing the agricultural sectors of developing countries. (Examples: Internationa Rice research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico.)

39 Connection Between U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries U.S. is also the world s largest provider of food assistance to developing countries - Various programs administered through USAID (Food or Peace or PL480) and USDA (Food for Progress) - Primarily in-kind donations which have become controversial due to the potential negative effects on production in the recipient country - Consequently, the U.S. is moving toward purchasing more in-country, locally sourced food and monetary donations

40 Summing Up Current U.S. commodity policy tends to benefit low income consumers in LDCs but negatively affect LDC producers. A tariff war between U.S., China and other U.S. export competitors would do the opposite for some commodities (soybeans, pork, others) but the same for others. U.S. food assistance polices have also tended to harm LDC producers by making U.S. food available to low income LDC consumers but programs are changing to reduce effects on local production. But the U.S. spends billions of dollars in agricultural development programs to benefit agricultural producers in developing countries. So, what do you think? - Is U.S. agricultural policy anti- or pro-agricultural development? - Is it economically more efficient for LDCs to produce their own food or import cheaper food from lower cost producers like the U.S.?

41 U.S. Farm Policy and Developing Countries QUESTIONS? 질문이있으십니까? Dr. Gary W. Williams Professor of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University

AGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 24: U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY

AGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 24: U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY AGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 24: U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY AGEC 429 Lecture #24 U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY Free Trade: Long-time stated goal of U.S. agricultural policy - World trade

More information

Background on U.S. Agricultural Policy: Food Security Objectives and Trade Implications

Background on U.S. Agricultural Policy: Food Security Objectives and Trade Implications Background on U.S. Agricultural Policy: Food Security Objectives and Trade Implications Workshop Post Bali Agricultural and Trade Policy Options: Focus on China 23 October 2014 jason.hafemeister@fas.usda.gov

More information

2018 Crop Outlook. Chris Hurt, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics. Michael Langemeier, Assoc. Director, Center for Commercial Agriculture

2018 Crop Outlook. Chris Hurt, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics. Michael Langemeier, Assoc. Director, Center for Commercial Agriculture 2018 Crop Outlook Chris Hurt, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics Michael Langemeier, Assoc. Director, Center for Commercial Agriculture James Mintert, Director, Center for Commercial Agriculture

More information

Competitiveness of American Agriculture in the Global Economy. Ian Sheldon. AED Economics

Competitiveness of American Agriculture in the Global Economy. Ian Sheldon. AED Economics Competitiveness of American Agriculture in the Global Economy Ian Sheldon AED Economics What is globalization? Increasing world economic integration Trade, direct investment, financial flows, and migration

More information

Oral Statement before the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Hearing on the trade section of the farm bill

Oral Statement before the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Hearing on the trade section of the farm bill Oral Statement before the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Hearing on the trade section of the farm bill April 25, 2001 Bruce A. Babcock Center for Agricultural and

More information

Impact of WTO Accession on China's Agriculture, Rural Development and on Farmers

Impact of WTO Accession on China's Agriculture, Rural Development and on Farmers Impact of WTO Accession on China's Agriculture, Rural Development and on Farmers Li Xiande Professor Institute of Agricultural Economics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences May 16, 2006, World Bank

More information

U.S. Farm Bill Scenarios and Impact on Developing Countries

U.S. Farm Bill Scenarios and Impact on Developing Countries U.S. Farm Bill Scenarios and Impact on Developing Countries Robert L. Thompson Gardner Endowed Chair in Agricultural Policy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tim Josling Senior Fellow, Freeman

More information

The Outlook for Grain Markets and Texas Agriculture in Emily Kerr and Michael Plante

The Outlook for Grain Markets and Texas Agriculture in Emily Kerr and Michael Plante The Outlook for Grain Markets and Texas Agriculture in 2013 Emily Kerr and Michael Plante Share of world production, 2000-2010 average 45% U.S. dominates world production of corn, soy 40% 40% 38% 35% 30%

More information

Run-Up to the Next Farm Bill Robert L. Thompson

Run-Up to the Next Farm Bill Robert L. Thompson Run-Up to the Next Farm Bill Robert L. Thompson 1 A successful Doha Round will reduce and eliminate tariffs and other barriers on farm and industrial goods. It will end unfair agricultural subsidies. We

More information

A lost opportunity? Ian Sheldon Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics

A lost opportunity? Ian Sheldon Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics Failure in the global trade talks: A lost opportunity? Ian Sheldon Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics Presentation prepared for LEAD - Class XI Walnut Creek, OH, In the

More information

7. ( ) Traditional Chinese agriculture was characterized by high land intensity high labor intensity high capital intensity a high export ratio

7. ( ) Traditional Chinese agriculture was characterized by high land intensity high labor intensity high capital intensity a high export ratio Modern China Economics Midterm Examination 2012/4/20 I. Multiple Choice Questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. All questions refer to China unless mentioned otherwise. Answer all

More information

Purpose and Uses of ARMS Data

Purpose and Uses of ARMS Data Purpose and Uses of ARMS Data Kevin L. Barnes Director, Western Field Operations USDA NASS James MacDonald USDA Economic Research Service ARMS Phase III National Workshop January 11, 2017 St Louis, Missouri

More information

WikiLeaks Document Release

WikiLeaks Document Release WikiLeaks Document Release February 2, 2009 Congressional Research Service Report 98-253 U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy Charles E. Hanrahan, Resources, Science; Beverly

More information

Chapter 10. Mexico. Evaluation of policy developments

Chapter 10. Mexico. Evaluation of policy developments Chapter 10 Mexico Evaluation of policy developments Overall, there has been good progress in improving the market orientation of the sector. Compared to the OECD average, the level of producer support

More information

THE WELFARE IMPACT OF JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY DISTORTIONS. Sjors Hendricus Antonius Bom *

THE WELFARE IMPACT OF JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY DISTORTIONS. Sjors Hendricus Antonius Bom * THE WELFARE IMPACT OF JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY DISTORTIONS Sjors Hendricus Antonius Bom * Section I: Introduction While economists are nearly unanimous in their general opposition to protectionism,

More information

The Frame of Agricultural Policy and Recent Agricultural Policy in Korea June

The Frame of Agricultural Policy and Recent Agricultural Policy in Korea June The Frame of Agricultural Policy and Recent Agricultural Policy in Korea June 25. 2014 Jeong-Bin Im Department of Agricultural Economics Seoul National University Contents of Presentation I. Introduction

More information

Changes in Southern Cotton and Peanut Producing Regions

Changes in Southern Cotton and Peanut Producing Regions Changes in Southern Cotton and Peanut Producing Regions Shelbi R. Knisley 1 United States Department of Agriculture- Economic Research Service (USDA-ERS) Selected Poster prepared for presentation at the

More information

RURAL REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: REVIEW AND PROSPECT

RURAL REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: REVIEW AND PROSPECT RURAL REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: REVIEW AND PROSPECT Dr. HAN Jun Director-General Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) PRC China s rural population ranks second in the world China

More information

Prospects and challenges of agricultural trade between China and Latin America: analysis of problems and opportunities from the Chinese perspective

Prospects and challenges of agricultural trade between China and Latin America: analysis of problems and opportunities from the Chinese perspective Prospects and challenges of agricultural trade between China and Latin America: analysis of problems and opportunities from the Chinese perspective Li Xiande Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,

More information

Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors contributing to recent increases in food commodity prices

Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors contributing to recent increases in food commodity prices Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors contributing to recent increases in food commodity prices Ron Trostle Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Markets and Food

More information

Dr Biswajit Dhar Professor and Head Centre for WTO Studies Indian Institute of Foreign Trade New Delhi

Dr Biswajit Dhar Professor and Head Centre for WTO Studies Indian Institute of Foreign Trade New Delhi Dr Biswajit Dhar Professor and Head Centre for WTO Studies Indian Institute of Foreign Trade New Delhi Agreement on Agriculture: The key objectives Long-term objective: to establish a fair and market-oriented

More information

Structural Changes in the Agricultural Economy

Structural Changes in the Agricultural Economy Structural Changes in the Agricultural Economy Statement of Patrick Westhoff (westhoffp@missouri.edu) Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute University of Missouri Columbia (www.fapri.missouri.edu)

More information

Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University

Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University I. Success 1. For the past three decades (1978-2010), China

More information

Testimony to the United States House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture

Testimony to the United States House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture Introduction Testimony to the United States House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture by Darren Hudson Larry Combest Endowed Chair of Agricultural Competitiveness Texas Tech University June 3,

More information

NATURE OF THE CRISIS IN COTTON

NATURE OF THE CRISIS IN COTTON NATURE OF THE CRISIS IN COTTON Frank Lowenstein Staff Economist, Office of the Secretary U.S. Department of Agriculture The surplus problem for cotton is now the worst of any major agricultural commodity.

More information

The Food vs. Fuel Controversy

The Food vs. Fuel Controversy The Food vs. Fuel Controversy Ian Sheldon Andersons Professor of International Trade Ohio State University Great Decisions Program, 2009 sheldon.1@osu.edu http://aede.osu.edu/programs/anderson/trade/ World

More information

Korea s Agricultural Policy: History, Challenges and Ways Forward

Korea s Agricultural Policy: History, Challenges and Ways Forward Korea s Agricultural Policy: History, Challenges and Ways Forward CHO, Eun-Ji Deputy Director Agricultural Policy Division Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Feb. 21. 2018 15:00, WTO Room

More information

U.S. Agricultural Policy and WTO Commitments

U.S. Agricultural Policy and WTO Commitments U.S. Agricultural Policy and WTO Commitments Anne Effland Economic Research Service, USDA The views expressed here are the author s and may not be attributed to the Economic Research Service or the U.S.

More information

WTO and Agriculture. Dr. Sachin Kumar Sharma Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies, Indian institute of Foreign Trade

WTO and Agriculture. Dr. Sachin Kumar Sharma Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies, Indian institute of Foreign Trade WTO and Agriculture Dr. Sachin Kumar Sharma Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies, Indian institute of Foreign Trade Email: sksharma.jnu@gmail.com Prior to AoA After Second World War: Policy of stable

More information

Agricultural Subsidies Remain a Staple in the Industrial World Grant Potter February 28, 2014

Agricultural Subsidies Remain a Staple in the Industrial World Grant Potter February 28, 2014 $ (in Millions) % of total Agriculture Agricultural Subsidies Remain a Staple in the Industrial World Grant Potter February 28, 2014 I n 2012, the most recent year with data, agricultural subsidies totaled

More information

AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND ITS IMPORTANCE

AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND ITS IMPORTANCE AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND ITS IMPORTANCE 1. SOME HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS Since the founding of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1959, one of the objectives was to increase productivity and the volume

More information

Greening of Subsidies and Food Security

Greening of Subsidies and Food Security UNCTAD GLOBAL COMMODITIES FORUM 13-14 April 2015 Greening of Subsidies and Food Security By Ms. Rashmi Banga The Commonwealth The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect

More information

Impacts of Possible Chinese 25% Tariff on U.S. Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities

Impacts of Possible Chinese 25% Tariff on U.S. Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities 2nd Quarter 2018 33(2) Impacts of Possible Chinese 25% Tariff on U.S. Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities Farzad Taheripour and Wallace E. Tyner JEL Classifications: F13, F167, Q17 Keywords: International

More information

CORN: DECLINING WORLD GRAIN STOCKS OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR HIGHER PRICES

CORN: DECLINING WORLD GRAIN STOCKS OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR HIGHER PRICES CORN: DECLINING WORLD GRAIN STOCKS OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR HIGHER PRICES OCTOBER 2000 Darrel Good Summary The 2000 U.S. corn crop is now estimated at 10.192 billion bushels, 755 million (8 percent) larger

More information

Methods of agricultural support measurement in China

Methods of agricultural support measurement in China Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(7):251-255 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Methods of agricultural support measurement in China

More information

Statement to the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the hearing:

Statement to the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the hearing: Statement to the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the hearing: The Effects of Tariffs on U.S. Agriculture and Rural Communities July 18, 2018 Submitted By: Scott VanderWal

More information

2018 Farm Bill Survey

2018 Farm Bill Survey 2018 Farm Bill Survey In preparation for participating in development of the 2018 Farm Bill, we are surveying producers on key issues that are likely to be considered by Congress during this process. The

More information

Impacts of Chinese Tariffs on Soybeans and other Ag Commodities and the Renegotiated NAFTA Agreement

Impacts of Chinese Tariffs on Soybeans and other Ag Commodities and the Renegotiated NAFTA Agreement Impacts of Chinese Tariffs on Soybeans and other Ag Commodities and the Renegotiated NAFTA Agreement Wallace Tyner Purdue University In collaboration with Farzad Taheripour, Dominique van der Mensbrugghe,

More information

Rethinking US Agricultural Policy:

Rethinking US Agricultural Policy: Rethinking US Agricultural Policy: Changing Course to Secure Farmer Livelihoods Worldwide Daryll E. Ray Daniel G. De La Torre Ugarte Kelly J. Tiller Agricultural Policy Analysis Center The University of

More information

Agricultural subsidy policies and its development in PR China

Agricultural subsidy policies and its development in PR China Study Report - Extract Agricultural subsidy policies and its development in PR China Report by Prof. Hu Xiangdong, CAAS, short-term expert Revised by DCZ Beijing, July 2017 1 1. Introduction The German-Sino

More information

What s in the Farm Bill And Why Should We Care?

What s in the Farm Bill And Why Should We Care? What s in the Farm Bill And Why Should We Care? Nicole Ballenger Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of Wyoming October 2014 Less than one percent of the U.S. population claim farming

More information

2019 Corn & Soybean Market Outlook

2019 Corn & Soybean Market Outlook 2019 Corn & Soybean Market Outlook Lunch & Learn Meeting, Tonganoxie, Kansas February 20, 2019 DANIEL O BRIEN EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIST 2019 Corn & Soybean Market Drivers 1) U.S. Economy Strong

More information

Impacts of Possible Chinese Protection of 25 Percent on US Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities

Impacts of Possible Chinese Protection of 25 Percent on US Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities Impacts of Possible Chinese Protection of 25 Percent on US Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities Farzad Taheripour Wallace Tyner Purdue University July 10, 2018 Study Objectives Our aim was to estimate

More information

FAO RICE CONFERENCE. Rome, Italy, February 2004 IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO DOHA ROUND FOR THE RICE SECTOR

FAO RICE CONFERENCE. Rome, Italy, February 2004 IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO DOHA ROUND FOR THE RICE SECTOR February 2004 FAO RICE CONFERENCE 04/CRS.4 E FAO RICE CONFERENCE Rome, Italy, 12-13 February 2004 IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO DOHA ROUND FOR THE RICE SECTOR By: Eric J. Wailes L.C. Carter Professor, Department

More information

Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West

Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West Contributors: Steven L. Danver Print Pub. Date: 2013 Online Pub. Date: May 21, 2013 Print ISBN: 9781608719099 Online ISBN: 9781452276076 DOI: 10.4135/9781452276076

More information

Table 1. U.S. Agricultural Exports as a Share of Production, 1992

Table 1. U.S. Agricultural Exports as a Share of Production, 1992 Export markets are important to U.S. agriculture, absorbing a substantial portion of total production of many important commodities. During the last two decades there have been periods of expansion and

More information

The Iowa Pork Industry 2008: Patterns and Economic Importance by Daniel Otto and John Lawrence 1

The Iowa Pork Industry 2008: Patterns and Economic Importance by Daniel Otto and John Lawrence 1 The Iowa Pork Industry 2008: Patterns and Economic Importance by Daniel Otto and John Lawrence 1 Introduction The Iowa pork industry represents a significant value-added activity in the agricultural economy

More information

CRS Report for Congress

CRS Report for Congress Order Code 98-253 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy Updated August 11, 2006 Charles Hanrahan Senior Specialist in

More information

How Will Public Policy Shape the Future of Midwest Agriculture?

How Will Public Policy Shape the Future of Midwest Agriculture? How Will Public Policy Shape the Future of Midwest Agriculture? Robert L. Thompson Gardner Endowed Chair in Agricultural Policy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign December 1, 2009 Outline Potential

More information

Grain Prices Remain Sensitive to Weather, Export Developments

Grain Prices Remain Sensitive to Weather, Export Developments July 16, 2002 Ames, Iowa Econ. Info. 1842 Grain Prices Remain Sensitive to Weather, Export Developments Correction for the July 1 Iowa Farm Outlook In the section titled Possible Future Acreage Revisions,

More information

Soybean Supply and Demand Forecast

Soybean Supply and Demand Forecast Soybean Supply and Demand Forecast U.S. soybean planted acreage is expected to increase 5.7 million acres over the forecast period. U.S. soybean yields are expected to increase 2.2 bushels per acre or

More information

M10/3/ECONO/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX ECONOMICS PAPER 3. Thursday 20 May 2010 (morning) 2 hours

M10/3/ECONO/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX ECONOMICS PAPER 3. Thursday 20 May 2010 (morning) 2 hours 22105107 ECONOMICS Higher level PAPER 3 Thursday 20 May 2010 (morning) 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS to candidates Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer three questions. Use fully

More information

Report: Effects of Farm Subsidies on Farm Management Decisions

Report: Effects of Farm Subsidies on Farm Management Decisions Report: Effects of Farm Subsidies on Farm Management Decisions March 2018 U.S. agriculture subsidies were created in the 1930s during the Great Depression with an intent to prop up low crop prices and

More information

Prospects for Corn Trade in 2018/19 and Beyond

Prospects for Corn Trade in 2018/19 and Beyond Prospects for Corn Trade in 2018/19 and Beyond Ben Brown Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics The Ohio State University February 15, 2019 The agricultural industry is a

More information

EU support of its processing tomato industry and the competitive consequences for California

EU support of its processing tomato industry and the competitive consequences for California EU support of its processing tomato industry and the competitive consequences for California Bradley J. Rickard, Assistant Professor, Agribusiness Department California Polytechnic State University, San

More information

Iowa Farm Outlook. March 2014 Ames, Iowa Econ. Info Long-Term Projections for Beef Production and Trade

Iowa Farm Outlook. March 2014 Ames, Iowa Econ. Info Long-Term Projections for Beef Production and Trade Iowa Farm Outlook 0BDepartment of Economics March 2014 Ames, Iowa Econ. Info. 2047 Long-Term Projections for Beef Production and Trade We often spend a lot of time focusing on the short-term market situation

More information

California Agriculture: Trends, Issues and Outlook

California Agriculture: Trends, Issues and Outlook California Agriculture: Trends, Issues and Outlook Executive Seminar on Agricultural Issues December 10, 2001 Daniel A. Sumner University of California Agricultural Issues Center, and Department of Agricultural

More information

UPDATED HOG PRODUCTION ESTIMATED RETURNS

UPDATED HOG PRODUCTION ESTIMATED RETURNS February 15, 21 Ames, Iowa Econ. Info. 187 UPDATED HOG PRODUCTION ESTIMATED RETURNS The Iowa State University Extension Estimated Livestock Returns have provided a barometer of profitability for the Iowa

More information

Agricultural Trade Outlook August Philip Abbott

Agricultural Trade Outlook August Philip Abbott Agricultural Trade Outlook August 2014 Philip Abbott Key Issues Record Agricultural Exports in 2013/14 at $149 billion Prices lowered, but trade volumes recovered Corn exports had collapsed in 2012/13

More information

A Tale of Two Continents: Avenues of Synergy Between Asia & LATAM. Dr. Siang Hee, Tan Executive Director CropLife Asia

A Tale of Two Continents: Avenues of Synergy Between Asia & LATAM. Dr. Siang Hee, Tan Executive Director CropLife Asia A Tale of Two Continents: Avenues of Synergy Between Asia & LATAM Dr. Siang Hee, Tan Executive Director CropLife Asia 25 April 2017 Had your morning coffee? And ready for the cocktail this afternoon? From

More information

2018 AG ECONOMY OUTLOOK NORTH DAKOTA BANKERS ASSOCIATION 66 TH LEGISLATIVE SESSION

2018 AG ECONOMY OUTLOOK NORTH DAKOTA BANKERS ASSOCIATION 66 TH LEGISLATIVE SESSION 2018 AG ECONOMY OUTLOOK NORTH DAKOTA BANKERS ASSOCIATION 66 TH LEGISLATIVE SESSION TABLE OF CONTENTS 2017 U.S. Farm Income Outlook... 3 2018 U.S. Farm Income Outlook... 5 Agriculture Outlook... 6 Crop

More information

How Trade Liberalization Can Benefit the Environment (or The Fallacy of Food Miles )

How Trade Liberalization Can Benefit the Environment (or The Fallacy of Food Miles ) How Trade Liberalization Can Benefit the Environment (or The Fallacy of Food Miles ) Robert L. Thompson Gardner Endowed Chair in Agricultural Policy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 12 May 2008

More information

Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda Kym Anderson and Will Martin

Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda Kym Anderson and Will Martin Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda Kym Anderson and Will Martin Development Research Group The World Bank Washington DC Kanderson@worldbank.org Why try to reduce sensitive agric

More information

Agricultural Research, Innovation, Productivity, and Poverty

Agricultural Research, Innovation, Productivity, and Poverty Agricultural Research, Innovation, Productivity, and Poverty Julian M. Alston University of California, Davis OECD Global Forum on Agriculture 29-30 November 2010 University of California Agricultural

More information

What Does Trade Disruptions with China Mean for Iowa and US Agriculture

What Does Trade Disruptions with China Mean for Iowa and US Agriculture What Does Trade Disruptions with China Mean for Iowa and US Agriculture Wendong Zhang Assistant Professor of Economics and Extension Economist wdzhang@iastate.edu, 515-294-2536 Pro-Ag Outlook Meeting November

More information

Market Outlook. David Reinbott.

Market Outlook. David Reinbott. Market Outlook David Reinbott Agriculture Business Specialist P.O. Box 187 Benton, MO 63736 (573) 545-3516 http://extension.missouri.edu/scott/agriculture.aspx reinbottd@missouri.edu Trending Issues China,

More information

Will Martin May 10, 2006

Will Martin May 10, 2006 WTO Agreement on Agriculture Will Martin May 10, 2006 Topics Agriculture and the GATT Patterns in agricultural trade policies Uruguay Round Agreement The Doha Agenda Agriculture and GATT Always covered

More information

What Is the Farm Bill?

What Is the Farm Bill? Order Code RS22131 Updated September 23, 2008 What Is the Farm Bill? Renée Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246,

More information

Statement to the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the hearing:

Statement to the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the hearing: Statement to the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the hearing: The Effects of Tariffs on U.S. Agriculture and Rural Communities July 18, 2018 Submitted By: Russell Boening

More information

Smallholder or family farming in transforming economies of Asia & Latin America: Challenges and opportunities

Smallholder or family farming in transforming economies of Asia & Latin America: Challenges and opportunities Smallholder or family farming in transforming economies of Asia & Latin America: Challenges and opportunities Ganesh Thapa Regional Economist, Asia and the Pacific Division, International Fund for Agricultural

More information

A Tale of Two Continents: Avenues of Synergy Between Asia & LATAM. Dr. Siang Hee, Tan Executive Director CropLife Asia

A Tale of Two Continents: Avenues of Synergy Between Asia & LATAM. Dr. Siang Hee, Tan Executive Director CropLife Asia A Tale of Two Continents: Avenues of Synergy Between Asia & LATAM Dr. Siang Hee, Tan Executive Director CropLife Asia 25 April 2017 Had your morning coffee? And ready for the cocktail this afternoon? From

More information

U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy

U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy Charles E. Hanrahan Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy Carol Canada Information Research Specialist Beverly A. Banks Acquisitions

More information

Testimony. Tim McMillan Enigma, Georgia. Southern Peanut Farmers Federation. Before the

Testimony. Tim McMillan Enigma, Georgia. Southern Peanut Farmers Federation. Before the Testimony Of Tim McMillan Enigma, Georgia Southern Peanut Farmers Federation Before the U.S. House Committee on Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management Washington, D.C.

More information

Emerging Issues: Uncertainty in U.S. Ag Policy and Trade. Ohio Soybean Association- August 29, 2018 Ben Brown

Emerging Issues: Uncertainty in U.S. Ag Policy and Trade. Ohio Soybean Association- August 29, 2018 Ben Brown Emerging Issues: Uncertainty in U.S. Ag Policy and Trade Ohio Soybean Association- August 29, 2018 Ben Brown Most Common Questions The U.S. can sell more soybeans to other buyers, right? Example: would

More information

Globalization: Implications for U.S. and Oklahoma Agriculture. Stillwater, Oklahoma November 9, 2012

Globalization: Implications for U.S. and Oklahoma Agriculture. Stillwater, Oklahoma November 9, 2012 Globalization: Implications for U.S. and Oklahoma Agriculture Stillwater, Oklahoma November 9, 2012 1 We Are Just One World Now Steve Jobs 2 From Today Forward will Be a profitable growth industry Be an

More information

Implications for commodity prices and farm income

Implications for commodity prices and farm income Implications for commodity prices and farm income Mike Dwyer Director, Global Policy Analysis Office of Global Analysis Foreign Agricultural Service US Department of Agriculture Mike.Dwyer@fas.usda.gov

More information

Issue Brief The Doha WTO Ministerial

Issue Brief The Doha WTO Ministerial Nathan Associates Inc. Issue Brief The Doha WTO Ministerial AGRICULTURE AND THE VIEWS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Negotiations to liberalize global trade in agriculture will continue at Doha. The negotiating

More information

Foreign Agricultural Service United States Department of Agriculture

Foreign Agricultural Service United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service United States Department of Agriculture International Agricultural Trade Report October 2018 U.S. Agricultural Export Opportunities in South Korea South Korea is one of the

More information

Mexico Agriculture Policy Review

Mexico Agriculture Policy Review Agriculture Policy Review One in a series of policy notes on work of the OECD of interest to Canada Context and Overview The Mexican government asked the OECD to review its agri-food policies to better

More information

Milk per cow (lbs/month)*

Milk per cow (lbs/month)* Dec. 31, 2018 Executive Summary Drivers for the dairy industry include low milk price, the new Farm Bill and dairy product inventory. Low milk prices continue to linger. The 2018 Farm Bill increases support

More information

Impact of China's WTO Accession on Farmers' Welfare

Impact of China's WTO Accession on Farmers' Welfare From the SelectedWorks of Jacylyn Yujun SHI 石玉君 March, 2004 Impact of China's WTO Accession on Farmers' Welfare Jacylyn Y.J. Shi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/yujunshi/8/ China s s WTO Accession:

More information

Funding for Small Acreage Horticultural Producers. Luis A. Ribera Assistant Professor and Extension Economist June 7, 2011

Funding for Small Acreage Horticultural Producers. Luis A. Ribera Assistant Professor and Extension Economist June 7, 2011 2008 Farm Bill Programs for Specialty Crops Funding for Small Acreage Horticultural Producers Luis A. Ribera Assistant Professor and Extension Economist June 7, 2011 Presentation Outline The 2008 Farm

More information

International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council (IPC)

International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council (IPC) International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council (IPC) Food Security Global Challenges and Directions GUIRR - October 23, 2009 Charlotte Hebebrand www.agritrade.org The IPC promotes a more open and

More information

Revenue Components. Yield Government Programs Crop Insurance

Revenue Components. Yield Government Programs Crop Insurance Farm Financial Conditions 25th Annual Crop Insurance Conference January 22, 2018 Fargo, ND Andrew Swenson Extension Farm Management Specialist Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics North Dakota

More information

China s Role in the Future Food Security Situation of Asia: A Threat or An Ally

China s Role in the Future Food Security Situation of Asia: A Threat or An Ally China s Role in the Future Food Security Situation of Asia: A Threat or An Ally Jikun Huang Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Presented at International Conference on Asian

More information

The state of the farm economy: Some big-picture considerations. Patrick Westhoff

The state of the farm economy: Some big-picture considerations. Patrick Westhoff The state of the farm economy: Some big-picture considerations Patrick Westhoff Director, Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at the University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU) Hearing of the House Committee

More information

And the problem areas are Asia and Sub- Saharan Africa

And the problem areas are Asia and Sub- Saharan Africa The International Communities Millennium development goal # 1: halving poverty and hunger by 2015, will not be met The Impact on Developing Country Agriculture of the Global Economic Downturn and the OECD

More information

Managing Risk in a Dynamic World Economy

Managing Risk in a Dynamic World Economy Curriculum Guide I. Goal and Objectives: A. Understand the key sources of risk related to the globalization of agriculture and operating in a dynamic world economy. B. Understand the relationship between

More information

1630 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC Telephone: Facsimile:

1630 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC Telephone: Facsimile: Thursday, January 22, 2004. The Capitol Building, Washington, DC The following is the text of Vicki Gass' presentation on the impact of CAFTA on the Central American Rural Sector. Vicki Gass is Senior

More information

2018 Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers Mid-Year Survey

2018 Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers Mid-Year Survey 2018 Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers Mid-Year Survey Key points Note: In the following release, reference is made to different qualities of farmland. In a normal year,

More information

THE FARM BILL AND THE WESTERN HAY INDUSTRY. Daniel A. Sumner and William Matthews 1

THE FARM BILL AND THE WESTERN HAY INDUSTRY. Daniel A. Sumner and William Matthews 1 THE FARM BILL AND THE WESTERN HAY INDUSTRY Daniel A. Sumner and William Matthews 1 ABSTRACT Farm subsidies have been a part of U.S. agriculture for eight decades. The 2014 farm bill changed the form of

More information

Update on Chinese Ag Economy

Update on Chinese Ag Economy Update on Chinese Ag Economy Wendong Zhang Assistant Professor of Economics and Extension Economist wdzhang@iastate.edu 515-294-2536 Iowa Institute for Cooperatives Member Summer Workshop Huxley, IA, June

More information

International Perspectives on Farm Income Drivers

International Perspectives on Farm Income Drivers International Perspectives on Farm Income Drivers J.P. Gervais 1 Chief Agricultural Economist Farm Credit Canada The numbers are pretty telling. Farm income in the U.S. has climbed to a record high in

More information

Global Economic Prospects Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda

Global Economic Prospects Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda Global Economic Prospects 2004 Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda Philip English World Bank August 25, 2003 GEP 2004 Contents Economic Outlook Preparations for Cancun Agricultural trade

More information

Alternative scenario for China s grain policy: Impact assessment based on OECD PEM Model

Alternative scenario for China s grain policy: Impact assessment based on OECD PEM Model Alternative scenario for China s grain policy: Impact assessment based on OECD PEM Model ATPC Workshop, Beijing, 26 October 2017 Shingo Kimura, Agriculture Policy Analyst, OECD Wusheng Yu, Associate Professor,

More information

Development Dimensions of Food Security

Development Dimensions of Food Security Development Dimensions of Food Security Philip Abbott Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Presented to the OECD Global Forum on Agriculture Paris, June 29 30,

More information

AFRICAN AGRICULTURE and RURAL DEVELOPMENT. ECON 3510, Carleton University May Arch Ritter Source: Text, Chapter 15 and Class Notes

AFRICAN AGRICULTURE and RURAL DEVELOPMENT. ECON 3510, Carleton University May Arch Ritter Source: Text, Chapter 15 and Class Notes AFRICAN AGRICULTURE and RURAL DEVELOPMENT ECON 3510, Carleton University May 28 2012 Arch Ritter Source: Text, Chapter 15 and Class Notes Brooke Bond Tea Estate, Kenya Coffee Gathering, Kenya Agroforestry,

More information

International Agricultural Trade Policy. Will Martin World Bank April 28, 2003

International Agricultural Trade Policy. Will Martin World Bank April 28, 2003 International Agricultural Trade Policy Will Martin World Bank April 28, 2003 1 Agricultural Trade Policies What determines national ag trade policy? What happens without international rules? How might

More information

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY Catherine Moreddu Trade and Agriculture Directorate Agricultural Higher Education in the 21st Century, Zaragoza, Spain, 15-17

More information