The number of milk cows on farms in the 23 major States was 8.74 million head, 1,000 head more than July 2017, but 8,000 head less than June 2018.

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1 Milk Production ISSN: Released August 0, 08, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). July Milk Production up Percent Milk production in the 3 major States during July totaled 7.3 billion pounds, up percent July 07. June revised production, at 7. billion pounds, was up.6 percent June 07. The June revision represented an increase of 40 million pounds or 0. percent last month's preliminary production estimate. Production per cow in the 3 major States averaged,980 pounds for July, 8 pounds above July 07. This is the highest production per cow for the month of July since the 3 State series began in 003. The number of milk cows on farms in the 3 major States was 8.74 million head,,000 head more than July 07, but 8,000 head less than June 08. July Milk Production in the United States up Percent Milk production in the United States during July totaled 8.4 billion pounds, up percent July 07. Production per cow in the United States averaged,953 pounds for July, 0 pounds above July 07. The number of milk cows on farms in the United States was 9.40 million head, 8,000 head less than July 07, and 8,000 head less than June 08. Monthly Milk Production 3 Selected States Million pounds 8,000 7,500 7,000 6,500 6,000 5, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2 Milk Cows and Production by Quarter United States: [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Quarter January-March... April-June... July-September... October-December... Milk cows Milk per cow Milk production (,000 head) (,000 head) (pounds) (pounds) (million pounds) (million pounds) (percent) 9,369 9,399 9,40 9,398 9,406 9,403 5,77 5,888 5,687 5,649 5,780 5,7 53,56 55,344 53,473 53,087 54,367 55, Annual... 9,39,94 5,466 Milk Cows and Production by Month 3 Selected States: [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Month January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December... Milk cows Milk per cow Milk production (,000 head) (,000 head) (pounds) (pounds) (million pounds) (million pounds) (percent) 8,69 8,696 8,74 8,7 8,730 8,733 8,734 8,74 8,737 8,73 8,734 8,736 8,744 8,745 8,738 8,738 8,745 8,743 8,735,955,799,06,97,037,94,97,946,850,94,859,943,979,8,038,979,056,969,980 6,9 5,645 7,564 7,00 7,783 6,947 7,4 7,04 6,6 6,70 6,35 6,978 7,30 5,9 7,8 7,94 7,976 7,4 7, Annual... 8,75 3,04 0,455 Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month United States: [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Month January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December... Milk cows Milk per cow Milk production (,000 head) (,000 head) (pounds) (pounds) (million pounds) (million pounds) (percent) 9,359 9,365 9,383 9,39 9,40 9,399 9,395 9,398 9,400 9,408 9,408 9,40 9,400 9,396,7,783,997,95,06,90,943,99,85,89,837,9,959,803,08,957,033,947,953 8,8 6,694 8,740 8,33 8,95 8,060 8,68 8,049 7,56 7,769 7,60 8,058 8,43 6,96 8,975 8,397 9,3 8,30 8, Annual... 9,39,94 5,466 Milk Production (August 08)

3 Milk Cows and Production 3 Selected States: July 07 and 08 [May not add due to rounding] State Arizona... California... Colorado... Florida... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... Kansas... Michigan... Milk cows Milk per cow Milk production (,000 head) (,000 head) (pounds) (pounds) (million pounds) (million pounds) (percent) 04, , ,975,0,55,645,60,690,870,005,90,55,955,895,45,600,55,680,890,05,960, , , ,88 3 9, Minnesota... New Mexico... New York... Ohio... Oregon... Pennsylvania... South Dakota... Texas... Utah... Vermont ,835,5,045,790,755,730,905,990,030,800,855,35,065,80,775,735,90,075,045, , , , , Virginia... Washington... Wisconsin , ,74,605,070,05,600,090, , , State Total... 8,734 - Represents zero. 8,735,97,980 7,4 7,99 Monthly Milk Cows 3 Selected States Thousand head 8,750 8,740 8,730 8,70 8,70 8,700 8, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Milk Production (August 08) 3

4 Milk Cows and Production 3 Selected States: June 07 and 08 [May not add due to rounding] Arizona... California... Colorado... Florida... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... Kansas... Michigan... Milk cows Milk per cow Milk production (,000 head) (,000 head) (pounds) (pounds) (million pounds) (million pounds) (percent) 04, , ,080,880,70,75,090,70,905,975,865,0,065,905,70,660,090,70,905,975,5, , , , , Minnesota... New Mexico... New York... Ohio... Oregon... Pennsylvania... South Dakota... Texas... Utah... Vermont ,805,095,00,785,740,75,840,975,000,765,830,5,050,85,750,735,875,060,00, , , , , Virginia... Washington... Wisconsin , ,74,65,05,980,60,050, , , State Total... 8,733 8,743,94,969 6,947 7,4.6 - Represents zero. Monthly Milk per Cow 3 Selected States Pounds,00,050,000,950,900,850,800, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4 Milk Production (August 08)

5 Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response. Where feasible, States utilize state and federal administrative data to estimate milk production. This eliminates duplication of data gathering by different government agencies such as Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) Dairy Market News. Indications of milk cow inventory are also obtained in the January Cattle Survey. Estimation Procedures: Regional Field Offices prepare these estimates by using a combination of survey indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Milk production, milk per cow, and number of milk cows are subject to revision the following month after initial publication for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, administrative data Federal Market Orders, State Departments of Agriculture, or other sources are the main basis for revisions. However, administrative data for all States may not be available in time for these revisions. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. Estimates are again reviewed after data the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table below. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the 3 State milk production estimates over the past 4 months is 0. percent. This means that chances are out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 7.3 billion pounds by more than 0. percent. Chances are 9 out of 0 that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent. Reliability of Monthly Milk Production Estimates [Based on data for the past 4 months] Item Root mean square error 90 percent confidence level Difference between first and latest estimate Average Smallest Largest Below latest Months Above latest (percent) (percent) (,000) (,000) (,000) (number) (number) Milk production All Milk cows Milk Production (August 08) 5

6 Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. inquiries may be sent to Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch... (0) Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section... (0) Sherry Bertramsen Livestock Slaughter... (0) Holly Brenize Sheep and Goats... (0) Donnie Fike Dairy Products... (0) Heidi Gleich Cattle, Cattle on Feed... (0) Mike Miller Milk Production and Milk Cows... (0) Seth Riggins Hogs and Pigs... (0) Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: Both national and state specific reports are available via a free subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit and click on National or State in upper right corner above search box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) , 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or nass@nass.usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at or at any USDA office, or call (866) to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C , by fax (0) or at program.intake@usda.gov.