Green Bean Production and Management

Transcription

1 WISCONSIN VEGETABLE SUSTAINABILITY GREEN/SNAP BEAN SPECIFIC PROTOCOL - DRAFT 1/25/2012 Developed by the Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, University of Wisconsin - Madison Note: To determine who is primarily responsible for each question, the Grower is designated with a G and Processor with a P, if both then an asterisk designates who is primarily responsible. Green Bean Production and Management 1A How many scouting trips were made during each of the following stages of plant growth in this field? (*G,P) (Enter number of trips on all that apply) Planting to emergence Number of Trips: Emergence to bud stage Number of Trips: Bud stage to mature plants Number of Trips: Maturity to harvest Number of Trips: 1B Did you use weather data for green (snap) bean specific concerns? (P) Scheduling planting and harvest date Please specify: Crop growth, development and water use Do not have access to water use 1C This field was last planted to green (snap) beans: (G) On a four or more year rotation (one year of green (snap) beans and three or more years of other crops) On a three year rotation (one year of green (snap) beans and two years of other crops)

2 On a two year rotation (an alternate planting of green (snap) beans and a non-green (snap) bean crop) This field had green (snap) beans last year 1D This field had the following rotational practices: (G) A succulent or grain legume crop was NOT used in rotation Followed a potato, carrot or other crop which promotes green (snap) bean growth and development Cereal grains or corn were used in rotation 1E Were cover crops planted for erosion, wind or water control on this field and incorporated at least 14 days prior to planting? (G) Specify: 1F Did you plant seeds that meet phytosanitary standards for bacterial and halo blight? (P) 1G Did you consult with your seed supplier to determine growing conditions and/or disease concerns? (P) 1H Did you perform germination testing to reduce the impact of poor stand establishment? (P)

3 1I Which of the following practices did you use to promote green (snap) bean establishment? (*P, G) Planter was adjusted to equally place 8 to 12 live seed per foot of row Planter was set to insure optimal seed to soil contact Seed was planted at 1 to 1.5 planting depth to allow for optimal crop emergence Beans were planted when soil temperatures were above 55 degrees Fahrenheit (F) Crop was planted when soils were at 85% of field capacity ne of these practices were used 1J What practices were taken to promote good seed bed? (*P, G) Proper seed bed preparation was completed with minimal tillage for planter Soil was firm but friable over seed to allow for emergence of crop Crops were planted with GPS guidance ne of these practices were used 1K Which of the following nutrient strategies do you employ? (*P,G) Use nutrient management software planning Keep detailed nutrient records for each field Apply phosphorus based on soil test results Apply potassium based on soil test results Apply calcium, magnesium, and sulfur based on soil test results Apply micronutrients based on plant tissue sampling and soil testing Did not use these types of strategies

4 1L Do you split in-season applications of nitrogen? (G), 2 or more splits 1M Do you apply supplemental or sidedress N based only on tissue sampling? (G) 1N Do you cultivate beans to promote adventitious root development? (G) 1O Correct or prevent hardpan to limit root wetness? (G) 1P Can you account for how much fuel was used for producing your snap bean by field? Please specify (gallons diesel from planting through delivery): 1Q Did you irrigate green (snap) beans on sandy soils? /not applicable 1R Did you monitor water in green (snap) beans on medium textured soils? /not applicable

5 1S Do you know how much water and energy was used due to irrigation of this crop?, water use (Please specify ), electricity (Please specify ), I do not have that data 1T At harvest, we use the following for information? (P) Use RTK technology at harvest Grower receives harvesting maps ne at harvest Processing Out Section Field Section: 2A Did you harvest beans at maturity when conditions were dry? (*P, G) 2B Do you plant in areas with limited concerns of weed or insect pests (e.g., areas with known history of controlling problem pests)? (*G, P) 2C Do you schedule plantings to avoid a high risk of contaminants such as weeds, stubble or debris in the field? (P)

6 2D Do you incorporate processing out of weed, disease, or insect contaminants as an integral part of your IPM program? (P) 2E Do you adjust pest thresholds to maintain pests below established levels that would allow the processing plant to clean up contaminants? (P) 2F Do you sample (and identify areas for future clean-up in) fields prior to harvest to identify potential contaminants? (*G, P) 2G Have you accurately identified pests in the field prior to harvest? (P) 2H Do you monitor pest dispersal during the growing season? (P) 2I Do you adjust raw product flow through the harvester or fan speeds to maximize cleaning effectiveness, e.g., slower flow for large plants that may harbor more pests? (P) 2J Do you make mechanical adjustments to increase cleaning effectiveness (e.g., fan speed, screen size and configuration)? (P)

7 2K Do you adjust harvest time to avoid periods when contamination is more likely (e.g., wet foliage from dew or rain when contaminants adhere to belts)? (P) 2L Do you conduct research to compare settings or machinery to improve the cleaning capacity of harvesters? (P) Processing Plant Section: 2M Do you reduce raw product flow rate to increase removal efficiency for high density contaminants (e.g., worm removal requires 70% of rated flow rate to be effective)? (P) 2N Do you consider whole field rejection if contamination rates exceed allowable levels? (P) 2O Do you use water flotation and/or scalping beds to remove heavy contaminants? (P) 2P Do you use cleaning fans to remove low density contaminants (e.g., beetles, stink bugs)? (P)

8 2Q Do you use color/vision sorters to remove contaminants? (P) 2R Do you conduct research on processing out potential by running contaminant-spiked samples through the plant and making adjustments prior to full processing runs? (P) 2S Do you monitor and review consumer feedback? (P) Weed Management Section 3A Which of the following practices were used during this growing season? (*G,P) Cultivated green (snap) beans Scouted green (snap) beans for weeds shortly after emergence in a systematic pattern and continued each week until control options were no longer available Planned crop rotations to include those with multiple tools to control weeds problematic in green (snap) beans Utilized a stale seedbed to eliminate weeds prior to planting Prevented weed seed production of escaped weeds after harvest and in field edges Planned herbicides across the rotation to vary mode of action and prevent or delay herbicide resistance development Limited consecutive applications of herbicides with similar modes of action in current year

9 Insect Management Section 4A Which of the following practices did you use to manage insects? (*P,G) Rotated classes of insecticides specifically to avoid the emergence of resistance Scouted green (snap) beans for insect pests at least weekly in a systematic pattern throughout the growing season Culturally managed a green (snap) bean insect pest (e.g. wireworm, European corn borer) in the crop planted prior to green (snap) beans in this field 4B Which of the following practices were used as European corn borer and corn earworm controls? (*P,G) Monitoring occurred by trapping adults with pheromone or blacklight traps Note which trap was used: Adults were scouted on field edges or grassy action sites Consulted on-line trap capture and degree-day data for treatment decisions Egg masses were scouted on volunteer corn plants Planting dates were adjusted to avoid having susceptible stages (bud to pinpod) during ECB flights (June and August) Planting dates are adjusted in areas where knowledge of high risk for infestations occur (e.g. sweet corn) Economic thresholds were used for ECB control (10 or more moths per trap per night for 3 consecutive nights) Treatment windows involving pest populations and crop susceptibility were used to determine treatment need Insecticides were not used for ECB within 10 days of

10 harvest 4C Which of the following practices were used for other insect controls? (*P,G) Seed corn maggot populations were predicted using degree day calculations for peak flights Organic amendments (e.g. animal and green manures) are avoided within 14 days pre-plant Potato leafhopper population and migrations were monitored using sweep and beat net sampling Seed treatment was used for early potato leafhopper and seed corn maggot control Perimeter or spot sprays were used when applicable with appropriate equipment Established thresholds were used for potato leafhopper control Field edges were mowed or treated to prevent stalk borer migration into fields Yellow traps were used to monitor for peaks in activity of adult seed corn maggot populations Disease Management Section 5A Which of the following practices did you use prior to planting this year s green (snap) bean crop to lower the potential for green (snap) bean disease in the field? (*G,P) Soil samples were taken to assay root rot severity in field Soil samples were taken to assay for nematode populations from suspect field based on crop history Biocontrol agents were used for white mold in known areas of concern (e.g., C. minians applied pre-plant) Soybeans were not grown on this field during the previous growing season

11 5B Which of the following practices did you use to control diseases during the growing season? (*G,P) Used a fungicide treated seed Planted a disease tolerant variety Root health was evaluated at harvest during the previous growing season Limited plant wetness to minimize disease spread (e.g. irrigation, airflow management) Scouted green (snap) beans for disease weekly in a systematic pattern throughout the growing season Did NOT apply 2 consecutive fungicide applications from the same mode of action 5C Did you incorporate green (snap) bean field residue/plant trash within 1 week of harvest to reduce inoculum sources? (G) 5D Are you managing soybean aphid and virus concerns based on planting locations (e.g., avoiding legumes) and planting times? (*G,P) 5E Are you working with university researchers on virus concerns and controls? (*G,P)