C. De Carolis, Project, Polytechnic University of Marche, SEE -EU Programme -Ener Supply Project. Kiev, Ucraina Sept. 2014

Transcription

1 C. De Carols, Project, Polytechnc Unversty of Marche, SEE -EU Programme -Ener Supply Project Kev, Ucrana Sept. 2014

2 INTRODUCTION UEwantstoreachtheenergyproductonbyRESfor20%by 2020, as outlned n the UE Clmate Energy Packagng Bomass sector could be a potental source, especally for SEE, n order to reach abtous objectves, favourng n concrete way: - ncreasng the energy securty - amorestableprceontheenergy market - gvng locally job opportunty - decreasng pollutng emssons

3 The future development of Bomass should follow some basc prncples such as: - hgh converson effcency of energy processes - compettveness wth others sources - sustanablty of energy plannng and further feasblty studes Therefore, the bomass sources should ensure followng requrements as: - stable supply - hgh qualty of raw materal That s why: It s essental to develop a methodology able to analyse boenergy chans n local areas by sustanable bomass (especally by agrcultural resduals)

4 Man Objectves: Transfer of scentfc and techncal knowledges to the UE partners towards SEE countres. Spermentaton of best practces on the managng of the renewable energy sources (n publc and prvate sector) Promoton of Investment Projects" through the development of FS - Feasblty Studes on the bass of Locally RES (Local Bomass).

5 Sustanable Bo-energy Pathways: Analyss steps 7. Settng up boenergy chan & Feasblty Study 6. Evaluaton & montorng of Boenergy chans 5. Evaluaton Energy converson technology 4. Defnton Boenergy Chans & Boenergy acton plan (by usng Bomass Analyss Tool) 3. Evaluaton Bomass: potental, avalable, sustanable 2. Classfcaton Bomass 1. Defnton Bomass

6 Accordng to the defnton gven by UE Drectve, the bomass s "the bodegradable fracton of products, waste and resdues from bologcal orgn from agrculture (ncludng vegetal and anmal substances), forestry and related ndustres ncludng fsheres and aquaculture, as well as the bodegradable fracton of ndustral and muncpal waste". As defned under Artcle 2(e) n Drectve 2009/28/EC

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8 Fgure 1. General Concept of sustanable approach, (Adams W.M., 2006). Fgure 2. - General approach for a Boenergy project.

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11 m n= Crop _ resdue m = ( Area _ dedcated n= yeld ) RtP ( 1 loss ) ( 1 current _ use ) ( 1 ecol ) ( econ ) Where: Area_dedcated (ha): s the area devoted to crop n the studed regon; yeld (t/ha): s the yeld of crop n the studed regon; RtP : s the resdue-to-product rato for crop ; loss (%): losses of resdues due to techncal ssues for crop ; current_use (%): current use of resdues for crop ; ecol (%): fracton of resdues that should not be removed due to ecologcal ssues for crop ; econ (%): fracton of resdues that s economcally convenent to use for energy converson for crop.

12 Crop Resdue Europe Product-to- Resdue rato (wet weght) [8] Italy Product-to- Resdue rato (wet weght) [9] Montana, USA Product-to- Resdue rato (dry weght) [10] Albana Product-to- Resdue rato (wet weght) [12] Cereals Straw Barley Straw Oats Straw Maze Stalks, stover Rapeseed Stalks Soybean Stems, leaves Sunflower Stems, leaves Vneyard Prunngs 1.5 t/ha 20 t/ha Olve trees Prunngs 0.3 t/ha 3 t/ha Product-to-resdue rato for some crop n Europe, n Italy, n the USA.

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14 Dry matter content Organc matter content N tot P 2 O 5 K 2 O C/N % % ss % ss % ss % ss Lqud cattle manure Sold cattle manure Lqud hog manure Sold hog manure Lqud poultry manure Sold poultry manure Table Characterstcs of a few selected feedstocks (CESI Rcerche) []. Lvestock Resdue Washngton state, US [1] Greece [2] Albana [3] from [1][4] Dary mlker manure Dary calve manure Cattle manure Calve manure Swne manure Horse manure Poultry egg layer Poultry broler Table Parameter used to assess the avalablty of bomass from zootechncal resdues (dry klogram per head per day).

15 m n = Anmal _ Waste m = ( lvestock n = _ unts waste. yeld ) ( 1 m ) ( 1 losses ) ( 1 current _ use ) ( 1 ecol ) ( econ ) Where: Lvestock.unt (number): s the number of lvestock unts per type n the studed regon; waste.yeld (wet t/ha): s the amount of manure/slurry produced by each lvestock unt ; m (%): s the percentage of mosture content of lvestock ; om (%): s the percentage of organc matter content per dry matter of lvestock ; loss (%): loss of bomass due to techncal constrants for wastes of lvestock ; current_use (%): fracton of anmal wastes that are currently used; ecol (%): fracton of bomass that should not be collected for energy converson due to ecologcal ssues for the wastes of lvestock ; econ (%): fracton of bomass that s economcally convenent to use for energy converson for wastes of lvestock.

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17 m n= Forest _ resdue m = ( Area n= PPN bd ) ( 1 loss ) ( 1 current _ use ) ( 1 ecol ) ( econ ) Where: Area (ha): s the forested area for speces n the studed regon; PPN (m 3 /ha): s the average current growth of category ; db (t dm/m 3 ): s the basal densty s the yeld of crop n the studed regon; loss (%): losses due to techncal ssues for speces ; current_use (%): current use of bomass for speces ; ecol (%): fracton of forest bomass that should not be removed due to ecologcal ssues for speces ; econ (%): fracton of forest bomass that s economcally convenent to use for energy converson for speces.

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19 m n = m n = Resdues ( ndustry _ = unts resdue. yeld ) ( 1 m ) ( 1 losses ) ( 1 current _ use ) ( 1 ecol ) ( econ ) Where: ndustry_unts (number): s the number of ndustres per type n the studed regon; resdue_yeld (wet t/ha): s the amount of resdue/by-product produced by each ndustry ; m (%): s the percentage of mosture content of resdue ; om (%): s the percentage of organc matter content per dry matter of resdues ; loss (%): loss of bomass due to techncal constrants for resdue/by-product ; current_use (%): fracton of resdue/by-product that are currently used; ecol (%): fracton of bomass that should not be collected for energy converson due to ecologcal ssues for the resdue/by-product ; econ (%): fracton of bomass that s economcally convenent to use for energy converson for resdue/by-product.

20 Fgure Waste herarchy.

21 Fgure Use of land-fllng, ncneraton and materal recovery as treatment optons n To provde an estmate of materal recovery, the above fgure uses the resdual of muncpal waste generated mnus muncpal waste landflled and ncnerated (wth mnor adjustments). Thus defned, materal recovery covers recyclng, compostng and other types of recovery operatons (except ncneraton wth energy recovery) [EEA, 2007].

22 m n = Bod _ waste m = n = ( nhabtant s w bow ) ( 1 loss ) ( 1 current _ use ) ( 1 ecol ) ( econ ) Where: Inhabtants (persons): s the number of people lvng n the studed area; w (t/person): s the amount of waste produced per person n the studed area; bow (%): s the share of bodegradable wastes wth respect to the waste n the studed area; loss (%): losses of bodegradable wastes due to techncal reasons; current_use (%): current use of bodegradable wastes, on the bass of the waste herarchy; ecol (%):fracton of bodegradable wastes that cannot be converted to energy due to ecologcal ssues; econ (%): fracton of bodegradable wastes that s economcally convenent to convert nto energy.

23 by applyng of Bomass Analyss Tool we can reach: Input Output o Rankng & Selectng of Bo-energy chans o Plannng&Evaluaton of Bo-energy Chan Converson technology Sze Bo-energy chan GHG saved Advanced needed ACTION PLAN 2. Bo-energy chan 2 3. Bo-energy chan 3

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25 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Methodology used: Database georefereced: -Corn Land Cover (adapted to the Local Areas) -Local Database by ESRI (Raster/Shp fles) - Regonal and local data (f avalable) GIS Software tools : - ArchGs (GIS Software) -Q Gs (Free GIS sowtare) - Lbre Offce (Elaboraton Data)

26 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Bosna: Granca Canton Potental Bomass Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are collected but Not all data are not publcly avalable. most of bomass are not used due to areas are dsposed and mne -decontamnated. Recommendatons: - Update of Gs data s necessary.

27 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Croata: Mednurje County Potental Bomass Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~1.155 (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are collected. Recommendatons: - Update of Gs data s necessary.

28 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Romana: Dmbovta County Potental Bomass Avalable Bomass: ~2 Ml (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are collected but Not all data are not publcly avalable. Recommendatons: - Update of Gs data s necessary.

29 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Bulgara: Dobrch Dstrct Potental Bomass Avalable Bomass: ~6 Ml (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~1.6 (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~ (t/y) Avalable Bomass: ~4.5. Ml (t/y) Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are collected but not all data are not publcly avalable. Recommendatons: - Update of Gs data s necessary.

30 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Baslcata (Italy): Potenza Metropoltan Dstrct Potental Bomass Potental Bomass: ~3.2 Ml (t/y) Potental Bomass: ~ (t/y) Potental Bomass: ~2.4 Ml (t/y) Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are collected Recommendatons: - Update of Gs data s necessary.

31 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Greece: Peloponnese s Regon Potental Bomass : 1,069,783 tdm/year Forestal Bomass : 367,286 tdm/year Vneyard prunngs 57,407 t/y Agrcultural Bomass : 702,495 tdm/year Orchard prunngs 151,557 t/y Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are collected Recommendatons: - Update of Gs data s necessary. Olve prunngs 432,475 t/y

32 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Macedona: Skopje dstrct Potental Bomass Avalable Bomass:?? Avalable Bomass:?? Avalable Bomass:?? Avalable Bomass:?? Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are not collected. Data are not publcly avalable. Recommendatons: - Avalablty Gs data s necessary

33 Bomass Analyss - GIS evaluaton Man Results: Serba:? Potental Bomass?? Albana:? Avalable Bomass:?? Avalable Bomass:?? No data Avalable Bomass:?? Avalable Bomass:?? Avalablty data - State of Art: - Data for bomass analyss are not collected. Data are not publcly avalable. Recommendatons: - Avalablty Gs data s necessary

34 Concluson: 1) Creaton of Onlne Database for bomass collecton data 2) Updatng Gs data Bo-energy pathways for SEE Countres From lessons learnt, EU regons should collaborate n order to reach several crucal objectves: 3) Creaton of a common Bomass Platform wth updatng database 4) Creaton of SEC - "Sustanable Boenergy Communty", wth access to bomass platform by: bomass operators, publc authortes, key actors for energy and terrtoral plannng, potental nvestors. A strong close -collaboraton among stakeholders should be expected n the future n order to mplement Sustanable Bo-energy chans n the EU countres.

35 Contacts: Carla de Carols PhD Internatonal Bomass Expert Unversty Polytechnc of Marche Va brecce Banche, Ancona (ITALY) P M F e.mal: webste: