MODULE Y. WOMEN S EMPOWERMENT IN AGRICULTURE INDEX MODULE Y1. INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION

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1 MODULE Y. WOMEN S EMPOWERMENT IN AGRICULTURE INDEX NOTE: The information in Module Y1 can be captured in different ways; however there must be a way to a) identify the proper individual within the household to be asked the survey, b) link this individual from the module to the household roster, c) code the outcome of the interview, especially if the individual is not available, to distinguish this from missing data, d) record who else in the household was present during the interview. This instrument must be adapted for country context including translations into local languages when appropriate. Enumerator: This questionnaire should be administered separately to the primary and secondary respondents identified in the household roster (Section A) of the household level questionnaire. You should complete this coversheet for each individual identified in the selection section even if the individual is not available to be interviewed for reporting purposes. Please double check to ensure: You have completed the roster section of the household questionnaire to identify the correct primary and/or secondary respondent(s); You have noted the household ID and individual ID correctly for the person you are about to interview; You have gained informed consent for the individual in the household questionnaire; You have sought to interview the individual in private or where other members of the household cannot overhear or contribute answers. Do not attempt to make responses between the primary and secondary respondent the same it is ok for them to be different. Y1.01. Household Identification:... Y1.02. Name of respondent currently being interviewed (ID Code from roster in Section A Household Roster): Surname, First name:... Y1.03. Sex of respondent: Male... 1 Female... 2 Y1.04. Type of household Male and female adult...1 Female adult only 2 MODULE Y1. INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION Code PID Y Outcome of interview Y Ability to be interviewed alone: Y05 Completed... 1 Incomplete... 2 Absent... 3 Refused... 4 Could not locate... 5 Code Y06 Alone... 1 With adult females present... 2 With adult males present... 3 With adults mixed sex present... 4 With children present... 5 With adults mixed sex and children present..6 May 7, 2012 Page 1 of 19

2 MODULE Y2: ROLE IN HOUSEHOLD DECISION-MAKING AROUND PRODUCTION AND INCOME GENERATION Household identification (in data file, each sub-module (Y2-Y6) must be linked with HH and respondent ID) Respondent ID Code Activity Did you (singular) participate in [ACTIVITY] in the past 12 months (that is during the last [one/two] cropping seasons)? How much input did you have in making decisions about [ACTIVITY]? How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from [ACTIVITY] Yes... 1 No... 2 >> next activity ActivityCode Activity Description Y2.01 Y2.02 Y2.03 A Food crop farming: crops that are grown primarily for household food consumption B Cash crop farming: crops that are grown primary for sale in the market C D E Irrigated food crop farming Irrigated Cash Crop farming Livestock raising F G Non-farm economic activities: Small business, self-employment, buy-and-sell Wage and salary employment: in-kind or monetary work both agriculture and other wage work H Fishing or fishpond culture Y2.02/Y2.03: Input into decision making No input... 1 Input into very few decisions... 2 Input into some decisions... 3 Input into most decisions... 4 Input into all decisions... 5 No decision made... 6 May 7, 2012 Page 2 of 19

3 MODULE Y3: ACCESS TO PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Productive Capital Does anyone in your household currently have any [ITEM]? Yes... 1 No... 2 >> next item How many of [ITEM] does your household currently have? Who would you say owns most of the [ITEM]? Who would you say can decide whether to sell [ITEM] most of the time? Who would you say can decide whether to give away [ITEM] most of the time? Who would you say can decide to mortgage or rent out [ITEM] most of the time? Who contributes most to decisions regarding a new purchase of [ITEM]? Productive Capital Y3.01a Y3.01b Y3.02 Y3.03 Y3.04 Y3.05 Y3.06 Agricultural land (pieces/plots) Large livestock (oxen, cattle) Small livestock (goats, pigs, sheep) Chickens, Ducks, Turkeys, Pigeons Fish pond or fishing equipment Irrigation pond or water tank/storage for household/ag use Farm equipment (non-mechanized) Farm equipment (mechanized) Irrigation Pump or Irrigation Equipment Nonfarm business equipment House (and other structures) Large consumer durables (fridge, TV, sofa) Small consumer durables (radio, cookware) Cell phone Other land not used for agricultural purposes (pieces, residential or commercial land) Means of transportation (bicycle, motorcycle, car, animal cart) Y3.02-Y3.06: Decision-making and control over productive capital Self and other household member(s)...5 Self... 1 Self and other outside people...8 Partner/Spouse and other household Partner/Spouse... 2 Partner/Spouse and other outside people..9 member(s)...6 Self and partner/spouse jointly... 3 Self, partner/spouse and other outside Someone (or group of people) outside the Other household member..4 people...10 household..7 May 7, 2012 Page 3 of 19

4 MODULE Y4: ACCESS TO CREDIT Y4.01 Did you attempt to borrow from any source (cash or in kind) in the last 12 months? 1 Yes >> No >> Y4.02 Why did your household not try to obtain a loan last year? (List up to 3 reasons) 0 No need for loan/have enough money 1 Afraid of losing collateral 2 Cannot pay the money back 3 Inadequate collateral 4 Had outstanding loan 5 Past history of default 6 Bad credit history 7 Interest rates too high 8 Lenders not located nearby 9 Procedures too cumbersome 10 Need to pay bribes 11 Family dispute in borrowing Other (specify) Y4.03 If you wanted to borrow cash or in kind, would you have access? >>Module Y5 1 Yes 2 No -88 Don t know May 7, 2012 Page 4 of 19

5 MODULE Y4: ACCESS TO CREDIT CONTINUED Y4.04 Y4.05 Y4.06 Y4.07 Y4.08 Y4.09 Y4.10 Y4.11 Did members of your hh attempt to borrow from [source] in the last 12 months? Who in the household attempted to borrow from [source]? Why did member want to borrow money from [SOURC E]? Was member successful in obtaining the loan from [SOURCE Why was member not able to borrow from [SOURCE]? ]? 1 Yes 2 No >>next source [LIST MULTIPLE PIDs IF MORE THAN 1 PERSON] 1 Yes >> No 1 Inadequate collateral 2 Bad credit history 3 Have outstanding loan 4 Past history of default with lender 5 No reason given Who made the decision to borrow from [SOURCE]? If credit not received, skip to next row. (If joint decision use 55=husband and wife 66= household) Who makes the decision about what to do with the money/ item borrowed from [SOURCE]? (Use member id(s) Write -99 if outside of household If joint decision use 55= husband and wife 66=household) Lending source names CODE PID CODE 1 CODE CODE PID PID CASH Micro-finance institute Savings and credit association Informal lender Bank Village-level savings association Cooperative Friends or relatives Traders Shopkeepers Landlords Other Code 1: Why borrow? 1 - Agricultural production 2 - Purchase of agricultural land 3 - Purchase of tractor 4 - Purchase of thresher 5 - Purchase of tubewell 6 - Purchase of other farm equipment 7 Purchase of irrigation pump 8 - To pay rent (for housing or for land?) or taxes 9 - To buy food/household goods 10 - To pay for education 11 - To pay for travel costs 12 - To pay hired labor 13 - To buy livestock 14- To buy farm inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) 15 - Medical expenses 16 - Other consumption 17 - Purchase/Improvement of family dwelling What was the amount that you received from [SOURCE] in the past 12 months? IN KIND VALUE 18 - To pay off old loans/debts 19 - For startup of a non-farm enterprise(s) 20 - For new investment in a non-farm enterprise(s) (difference between start-up and new investment) 21 - To pay for a wedding 22 - To pay for a funeral 23 - To buy a car 24 - To buy a business vehicle 25 - Other, specify May 7, 2012 Page 5 of 19

6 MODULE Y5: SAVINGS Y5.01 Does any household member (male or female) currently have any savings? 1 Yes, 2 No ; IF YES, ENTER 1 FOR Y5.02 AND >> Y5.03 Y5.02. Has any member of the household (male or female) had any savings in the past 1 year? 1 Yes, 2 No Savings Y5.03 Y5.04 Y5.05 Y5.06 Where do you save? Who in the household has these How do you (mainly) plan to use the savings, or has the ability to savings? decide what to do with these savings? 1 At home 2 NGO 3 Bank 4 Shop 5 Post office 6 Microfinance institute 7 Insurance company 8 Relative / friend / neighbor 9 Iqub/rotating savings 10 Savings and credit association 11 Village-level saving association Other (specify) (ENTER PIDs of members; if joint savings use: 55=husband and wife 66=household) 1 To buy household goods 2 To buy productive assets 3 To start / help business 4 To buy land / house 5 To buy irrigation equipment 6 For general agricultural activities 7 For education / training 8 For marriage / dowry 9 To build / repair house 10 To get loan 11 To lend to others 12 To prepare for difficult times/danger 13 To send someone abroad for a job 14 For the future of children 15 Medical emergency 16 Other emergency/natural disaster 17 Other, specify What is the total amount saved in this place? [ENTER -77 IF REFUSE TO ANSWER] CODE PID CODE ETB May 7, 2012 Page 6 of 19

7 MODULE Y6: INDIVIDUAL LEADERSHIP AND INFLUENCE IN THE COMMUNITY QNo. Question Response Response codes Y6.01 Y6.02 Y6.03 Do you feel comfortable speaking up in public to help decide on infrastructure (like small wells, roads, water supplies) to be built in your community? No, not at all comfortable... 1 Do you feel comfortable speaking up in public to ensure proper payment of wages for public works or other similar programs? Do you feel comfortable speaking up in public to protest the misbehavior of authorities or elected officials? Yes, but with a great deal of difficulty... 2 Yes, but with a little difficulty... 3 Yes, fairly comfortable... 4 Yes, very comfortable... 5 May 7, 2012 Page 7 of 19

8 CODES FOR MODULE Y7: Group Membership and Influence in Group Code 1: Control over decisions Code 3: Benefits attained from group Code 4: Why not a member of group 1 No input 1 Access to good markets for produce/value addition 1 Not interested 2 Input into very few decisions 2 Access to inputs at low cost/input acquisition/seed or seedling distribution 2 No time 3 Input into some decisions 3 Access to new technologies 3 Unable to raise entrance fees 4 Input into most decisions 4 Access to financial services 4 Unable to raise recurring fees 5 Input into all decisions 5 Access to important agricultural information 5 Group meeting location not convenient 6 Support for social functions (funerals, weddings, etc.) 6 Family dispute/unable to join Code 2: Group activities 7 Training on agricultural production/processing 7 Not allowed because of sex 1 Training in crop production 8 Communal livestock diversification 8 Not allowed because of other reason 2 Training in water management practices 9 More livestock 9 Other, specify 3 Training in livestock production 10 Additional income/increased income from new activities 4 Training in income-generating schemes 11 Strong social network 5 Literacy/numeracy training 12 Access to communal food/seed storage facilities 6 Training in financial management 13 Access to labor 7 Training in health/sanitation issues 14 Access to child care 8 Training in nutrition issues 15 Greater representation in decision-making 9 Leadership training 16 Access to emergency relief 10 Supporting farmer exchange visits 17 Improved local environment 11 Sharing agricultural information between farmers 18 Improved access to irrigation/water 12 Construction/maintenance of irrigation/water harvesting structures 19 Reduced soil erosion 13 Collectives labor/pooling 20 Greater productivity 14 Microfinance lending/saving 21 Enjoyment/satisfaction 15 Collective marketing of agricultural or livestock produce 22 Access to trees and seedlings 16 Collective purchase/distribution of inputs 23 Improved access to community infrastructure 17 Collective cultivation of crops (group farming) 24 Improved health and nutrition 18 Soil and resource conservation 25 Improved access to resources (mobilization of resources) 19 Construction/maintenance of community infrastructure 26 Access to information about agriculture or livestock 20 Tree-planting 27 Spiritual satisfaction 21 Livelihood diversification strategies 28 Other, specify 22 Peace keeping activities 23 Supporting community activities/social welfare (burial groups, welfare societies) 24 Religious activities 25 Mobilizing resources 26 Other, specify May 7, 2012 Page 8 of 19

9 MODULE Y7: GROUP MEMBERSHIP AND INFLUENCE IN THE GROUP Y7.01 Y7.02 Y7.03 Y7.04 Y7.05 Y7.06 Y7.07 Is there a [GROUP] in your community? 1 Yes 2 No >> next group -88 Don t know >> next group Are you or any member of your family an active member of this [GROUP]? 1 Yes 2 No >> 7.07 How much input do you have in making decisions in this [GROUP]? What activities does this group engage in? Who belongs to this group? 1 Men only 2 Women only 3 Both men and women What benefits do you receive as a member of this group? >> next group Why are you not a member of this [GROUP]? LIST UP TO 3 CODES >> next group Group Categories CODE 1 CODE 2 CODE CODE 3 CODE 4 A Agricultural producer s group (including marketing) B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R Livestock producer s group (including marketing) Water users group Watershed management group Forest users group Tree Nursery Group Credit or microfinance group Mutual help or insurance group Iddir (burial society) Iqub (rotating savings group) Trade and business association Civic groups or charitable group Local government Religious group Other women s group (only if not already listed) Other men s group (only if not already listed) Other youth group (only if not already listed) Other (please specify) May 7, 2012 Page 9 of 19

10 ENUMERATOR: Ask Y8.01 for all categories of activities before asking Y8.02. Do not ask Y8.02 if Y8.01 response is 1 and respondent is male OR Y8.01 response is 2 and respondent is female. If household does not engage in that particular activity, enter 98 and proceed to next activity. MODULE Y8: DECISION MAKING When decisions are made regarding the following aspects of household life, who is it that normally makes the decision? 1 Main male or husband 2 Main female or wife 3 Husband and wife jointly 4 Someone else in the household 5 Jointly with someone else inside the household 6 Jointly with someone else outside the household 7 Someone outside the household/other -99 Household does not engage in activity/decision not made To what extent do you feel you can make your own personal decisions regarding these aspects of household life if you want(ed) to? Not at all 1 Small extent..2 Medium extent..3 To a high extent 4 Ask only if Y8.01 is 1 and respondent is female, Y8.01 is 2 and respondent is male, or Y8.01 is 3-7. Y8.01 Y8.02 A B C D E F G H Getting inputs for agricultural production The types of crops to grow for non-irrigated agricultural production The types of crops to grow for irrigated agricultural production Taking crops to the market (or not) Livestock raising Your own (singular) wage or salary employment Major household expenditures (such as a large appliance for the house like refrigerator) Minor household expenditures (such as food for daily consumption or other household needs) May 7, 2012 Page 10 of 19

11 MODULE Y8 CONTINUED: MOTIVATION FOR DECISION MAKING ENUMERATOR: READ: This set of questions is very important. I am going to give you some reasons why you act as you do in the aspects of household life I just mentioned. You might have several reasons for doing what you do and there is no right or wrong answer. Please tell me how true it would be to say: [If household does not engage in that particular activity, enter 98 and proceed to next activity.] My actions in [ASPECT] are partly because I will get in trouble with someone if I act differently. [READ OPTIONS] 1 Never true 2 Not very true 3 Somewhat true 4 Always true 98 Household does not engage in activity/decision not made Regarding [ASPECT] I do what I do so others don t think poorly of me. [READ OPTIONS] 1 Never true 2 Not very true 3 Somewhat true 4 Always true 98 Household does not engage in activity/decision not made Regarding [ASPECT] I do what I do because I personally think it is the right thing to do. [READ OPTIONS] 1 Never true 2 Not very true 3 Somewhat true 4 Always true 98 Household does not engage in activity/decision not made Y8.03 Y8.04 Y8.05 A B C D E Getting inputs for agricultural production The types of crops to grow for non-irrigated agricultural production The types of crops to grow for irrigated agricultural production Taking crops to the market (or not) Livestock raising May 7, 2012 Page 11 of 19

12 LEAVE BLANK May 7, 2012 Page 12 of 19

13 Codes for Y9: Access to Information Code (1) : Information Sources Code (2) : Changes/uses of Information Code (3) : Reasons Unable to Use Information 1. Government Extension Workers 1. Introduced cover cropping 1. Information was unsuitable or unhelpful 2. NGOs 2. Crop rotation/intercropping 2. Am not interested in changing production practices 3. Community Meetings/Barazas 3. Change in Crop type 3. No money to purchase additional inputs 4. Farmer Organizations 4. Change in crop variety 4. No money to purchase additional materials 5. Research Stations/Researchers 5. Purchased and used recommended spray/fertilizer/pesticide 5. Do not wish to borrow money 6. Religious Groups 6. Care of livestock (dipping, spraying etc) 6. Do not wish to purchase inputs 7. Agri-service providers, seed companies 7. Use of manure/compost/mulch 7. Do not wish to take the risk of a new practice 8. Family Members 8. Increase in area cultivated 8. Information access was irregular 9. Neighbors (in person or through experience) 9. Decrease in area cultivated 9. Do not believe information was an improvement on current behavior 10. Radio 10. Change in field location 10. Other (specify) 11. TV 11. Change in timing of agricultural activities (planting, land preparation) 12. Friends 12. Change in marketing strategies 13. Markets/traders 13. Improved latrine usage 14. Newspaper/bulletin 14. Improved sanitation practices (i.e. handwashing) 15. Schools/Teachers 15. Improved drinking water usage (changed water source or began treating water) 16. Cell phone/internet 16. Improved child feeding practices (dietary diversity, micronutrients) Improved breastfeeding practices Traditional forecasters/indigenous Soil conservation activities implemented (terraces, knowledge/own experience trenches, bunds, etc) on farm 19. Agricultural Shows 19. Soil conservation activities implemented at community level 20. Farmer Field Days 20. Started irrigating 21. Other (specify) 21. Started water harvesting (on the farm) 22. Started community water harvesting (communal water pan) 23. Planted trees on farm 24. Planted trees in the community 25. Change in livestock type or breed 26. Take animals to veterinarian 27. Change in feed management (planting fodder, cut and carry) 28. Construct animal shelter 29. Purchased insurance 30. Made a short term plan (1 season) 31. Made medium term plan (2-5 years) 32. Made a long term plan (5-10 years) 33. Constructed improved grain storage 34. Improved post-handling harvesting 35. Other (specify) May 7, 2012 Page 13 of 19

14 MODULE Y9: ACCESS TO INFORMATION Y9.01 Y9.02 Y9.03 Y9.04 Y9.05 Do you have access to [INFORMATION TYPE]? 1 Yes 2 No >> next row Source (s): Please list the main sources of information you receive (List up to 3 sources in order of importance, with source 1 being most important) Source 1 Source 2 Source 3 Were you able to use this information? 1 Yes 2 No >> Y9.05 How did you use this information? (List up to 3 uses), THEN >>NEXT ROW Why were you not able to use this information? [IF NO TO Y9.03] Information type CODE CODE 1 CODE 1 CODE 1 CODE CODE 2 CODE 2 CODE 2 CODE 3 A Information on irrigation options and methods B Climate information (seasonal forecasts, early warnings, climate change) C Information on crop production and management D Information on livestock production and management E Information on tree management and agroforestry F Information on marketing of crop/livestock products G Information on processing and adding value H Information on health, nutrition, sanitation/hygiene May 7, 2012 Page 14 of 19

15 Codes for Y10: Access to Extension Code (1) : Reasons for Not Meeting with Extension Agent 1. Found the advice they provided in the past to be unsuitable or unhelpful 2. Am not interested in changing production practices 3. Do not wish to borrow money 4. Do not wish to purchase inputs 5. No extension agents available in this district 6. Not enough extension agents available for all farmers 7. Did not know about services offered by extension agents 8. Extension agents only help farmers with more land than my household has 9. Extension agents only help male farmers 10. Extension agents only help female farmers Extension agents only help farmers who are friends or relatives of local 11. officials or politicians Extension agents only help farmers who are friends or relatives of large 12. landowners 13. Extension agents only help educated farmers Extension agents require payment or a facilitation of transportation (and 14. access fee is too high) 15. Extension agents focus on farmers who grow crops/raise livestock different from what I grow/raise May 7, 2012 Page 15 of 19

16 MODULE Y10: ACCESS TO EXTENSION Agricultural Extension Health Extension Y10.01 Y10.02 Y10.03 Y10.04 Y10.05 Y10.06 Y10.07 Have you met with an agricultural extension agent within the past year? What type of agricultural extension activities did you participate in mostly during these meetings? (List 3 most important activities) During the past year, from which organizations did the agricultural extension agent's come from? If you did not meet with an agricultural extension agent during the last year, why? (List up to 3 reasons) Have you met with a health or nutrition community worker the past year? What type of activities did you participate in mostly during these meetings? (List 3 most important activities) 1 Yes 2 No >> One-on-one advice 2 "Training and visit" activity 3 Farmer field school 4 Demonstration event 5 Farmer organization meeting 6 Facilitated exchange visit to other farmers locally 7 Facilitated exchange visit to other farmers, not locally Other, specify 1 Government agriculture extension dept. 2 Agricultural research institutions 3 NGOs 4 Community-based organizations 5 Business 6 Religious groups 7 Civil society groups 8 Local progressive farmers 9 Bank Other (specify) Write -99 if answer to is YES 1 Yes 2 No >> MODULE Y11 1 One-on-one advice (Household visit) 2 Community Clinic 4 Community Training/demonstration 5 Visited Group Meeting 6 Facilitated exchange visit to other community 7 Other, specify During the past year, from what organizations did the community health workers come? 1 Government health extension dept. 2 NGOs 3 Community-based organizations 4 Religious groups 5 Civil society groups 8 Local progressive farmers 9 Other (specify) (Multiple responses allowed) c. a. b. c. a. b. a. b. c. (Multiple responses Reason Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Reason 1 Reason 2 Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 allowed) 3 CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE 1 CODE 1 CODE 1 CODE CODE CODE CODE CODE May 7, 2012 Page 16 of 19

17 MODULE Y11: TIME ALLOCATION Enumerator: Y11.01: IF QUESTIONNAIRE TAKES 2 DAYS, DO THIS MODULE ON THE FIRST DAY. IF YESTERDAY WAS A HOLIDAY, USE THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY AS A REFERENCE. The following chart is portrayed in ETHIOPIAN time. Please record a log of the activities for the individual in the last complete 24 hours (starting yesterday morning at 10 PM, finishing 9:59 PM of the current day). The time intervals are marked in 15 min intervals and one to two activities can be marked for each time period by drawing a line through that activity. If two activities are marked, they should be distinguished with a P for the primary activity and S for the secondary activity written next to the lines. Please administer using the protocol in the enumeration manual. Night Morning Day A Activity B Sleeping and resting C Eating and drinking D Personal care E School (also homework) F Work as employed G Own business work H Farming/livestock/fishing I Irrigating/working with irrigation equipment J Shopping/getting service (inl health services) K Weaving, sewing, textile care (washing) L Cooking M Domestic work (incl fetching wood & water) N Care for children/adults/elderly O Traveling and commuting P Watching TV/listening to radio/reading Q Exercising R Social activities and hobbies S Religious activities T Sitting/relaxing U Other, specify May 7, 2012 Page 17 of 19

18 MODULE Y11 continued: TIME ALLOCATION Evening Night A Activity B Sleeping and resting C Eating and drinking D Personal care E School (also homework) F Work as employed G Own business work H Farming/livestock/fishing I Irrigating/working with irrigation equipment J Shopping/getting service (inl health services) K Weaving, sewing, textile care (washing) L Cooking M Domestic work (incl fetching wood & water) N Care for children/adults/elderly O Traveling and commuting P Watching TV/listening to radio/reading Q Exercising R Social activities and hobbies S Religious activities T Sitting/relaxing U Other, specify May 7, 2012 Page 18 of 19

19 MODULE Y11 continued: SATISFACTION WITH TIME ALLOCATION ENUMERATOR: Use scale below to demonstrate the concept to respondents, where 10 means respondents are very satisfied, and 1 means they are very dissatisfied with their time for leisure activities. QNo. Question Response Response options/instructions Y11.02 How satisfied are you with your available time for leisure activities like visiting neighbors, watching TV, listening to the radio, seeing movies or doing sports? READ: Please give your opinion on a scale of 1 to means you are not satisfied and 10 means you are very satisfied. If you are neither satisfied or dissatisfied this would be in the middle or 5 on the scale. May 7, 2012 Page 19 of 19