Wisconsin oats and barley performance tests

Transcription

1 A3874 Wisconsin ots nd brley performnce tests 2010 John Mochon, Shwn Conley, nd Heidi Keppler The Wisconsin ots nd brley performnce trils re conducted ech yer with the producer s needs in mind. Trils include relesed vrieties, experimentl lines from Wisconsin nd neighboring sttes, nd lines from privte seed compnies. The primry objective of these trils is to obtin dt on how vrieties perform in different loctions nd yers. Growers use these dt to help choose the best vrieties to plnt, nd breeders use performnce dt to determine whether or not to relese new vriety. New vrieties developed nd relesed in Wisconsin re entered in the Wisconsin Certifiction Progrm. These vrieties hve demonstrted superior production qulities. In ddition, highly rted vrieties from other sttes my be recommended nd/or certified in the stte. As new vrieties re relesed to the public, older vrieties with inferior qulities re removed from the recommended list nd eventully dropped from the certified list s seed production declines. Occsionlly, vrieties re certified without being recommended to Wisconsin growers. Vrieties in this ctegory my include commercil vrieties developed by privte seed compnies or vrieties where there is substntil mrket for Wisconsin-produced seed. Thus, in Wisconsin, recommendtion nd certifiction do not men the sme thing. Recommended vrieties re those with superior in-stte production performnce records, while certifiction provides the ssurnce of seed purity nd seed qulity. VARIETY SELECTION Fctors to consider when selecting ot nd brley vrieties include grin yield, mturity, strw strength (or resistnce to lodging), nd disese resistnce. Disese rtings re performed by the Deprtment of Agronomy. Brley growers should consider whether vriety is cceptble for mlting. Severl vrieties re lso evluted for forge yield (tbles 4 nd 7). How the entries were tested Vrieties included in the tril re selected bsed upon current demnd, vilbility, nd dpttion to Wisconsin s climte. Most of these entries re commercilly vilble. Severl commercil nd public cultivrs were included for comprison. Tests were conducted t seven loctions using conventionl tillge prctices. All plots were plnted t seeding rte of bushels per cre. Spooner Agronomic prctices t ll loctions re listed in tble 1. Tests were conducted s Sturgeon By Mrshfield Chilton rndomized complete block design with four replictions. Lncster Arlington Mdison Tble 1. Loction nd gronomics of smll grin vriety trils in Wisconsin Loction Coopertors Soil type Row spcing (inches) Averge nitrogen pplied (lb/) Plnting dte Hrvest dte Arlington J. Albertson silt lom * Apr. 9 Aug.14 Chilton Kolbe Seeds, M. Glewen red cly My 12 Aug. 22 Lncster T. Wood silt lom Apr. 17 Aug. 4 Mdison J. Mochon, T. Wright silt lom * Apr. 24 Aug. 7 Mrshfield M. Bertrm silt lom Apr. 14 Aug. 6 Spooner P. Holmn sndy lom Apr. 17 Aug. 18 Sturgeon By R. Weidmn silt lom My 11 Aug. 18 *Nitrogen credited from previous lflf or soyben.

2 Growing conditions 2009 seson. In Wisconsin, the number of plnted cres of ots ws up 40,000 from the previous yer to 310,000 cres. There were 195,000 cres hrvested for grin, 5,000 cres more thn in Ots in 2009 yielded 68 bushels per cre, n increse of 6 bushels from the previous yer. This mtches the record yield set in Production ws up 13 percent to totl of 13.3 million bushels. Wisconsin ws the highestproducing stte for ots this yer fter being second in Wisconsin produced 1.48 million bushels of brley in 2009, 9 percent decline from the previous yer. Are plnted to brley incresed 2,000 cres from 2008 to 45,000 cres. Are hrvested decresed 5,000 cres to 25,000 cres in Yields were up 5 bushels from the previous yer to 59 bushels per cre seson. Ot plntings were considerbly delyed due to significnt rinfll occurring stte wide in Mrch nd April. Overll, crege of ots plnted in Wisconsin did not chnge from 2007 (270,000 cres); however, n dditionl 30,000 cres of ot ws hrvested for grin (190,000 cres). Averge sttewide ot yield ws 62 bushels per cre, down 5 bushels from the previous yer. Wisconsin rnked s the second-highest-producing ot stte, up from third in Brley yields were 54 bushels per cre (down 3 bushels from 2007). The re of brley hrvested incresed 7,000 cres to 30,000 cres in Reduced yield of ot nd brley ws likely due to delyed plntings s well s bnormlly dry environmentl conditions during the grin-fill period for both crops. Source: USDA Ntionl Agriculturl Sttistics Service, How performnce ws mesured Yield: After threshing, grin ws weighed nd yield ws determined using conversion formul. Yields re reported in bushels (32 nd 48 pounds per bushel for ot nd brley, respectively) per cre t 8 percent moisture content. Lodging: Lodging is mesured in percent. Vlues re rounded to whole numbers (1 = none, 100 = severe). Test weight: Test weights were mesured using Toledo Model 3111 test weighting scle. Licensed vrieties The Wisconsin Agriculturl Experiment Sttion hs grnted sole uthority to the Wisconsin Crop Improvement Assocition to issue forml licenses for the production of certified seed of Kewunee brley; Spooner rye; nd Dne, ForgePlus, Gem, nd Vist ots. The Wisconsin Alumni Reserch Foundtion hs grnted sole uthority to the Wisconsin Crop Improvement Assocition to issue forml licenses for the production of certified seed of Drumlin, Esker, Kme, nd Morine ots. These grnts of sole uthority re intended to reinforce Plnt Vriety Protection (PVP) regultions nd to generte reserch nd development funds for the Wisconsin smll-grin breeding progrm. These vrieties re PVP protected nd license is required for seed production. Ech bg of seed will hve specil red nd white PVP/Licensed Vriety tg ttched or preprinted on the bg. Testing gencies The smll grin vriety tests were conducted by the Deprtment of Agronomy, College of Agriculturl nd Life Sciences in coopertion nd with support from the Wisconsin Crop Improvement Assocition. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Check the following publictions for dditionl informtion on smll grin production nd seed vilbility. All re updted nnully. Wisconsin Winter Whet Performnce Tests (A3868), vilble t Pest Mngement in Wisconsin Field Crops (A3646), vilble t The Wisconsin Certified Seed Directory, vilble t For informtion on seed vilbility of public vrieties, contct: Wisconsin Crop Improvement Assocition 554 Moore Hll 1575 Linden Drive Mdison, WI (608)

3 Tble 2. Ot vriety descriptions ot Vriety Origin Recommended vrieties Yer relesed Kernel color Mturity (hed dte) Ht b (in.) Lodging (%) Test wt c (lb/bu) Disese resistnce d Kernel Crown Stem protein rust rust Septori Licensed/ Wis. Smut BYDV e PVP f cert. Buckskin Illinois 2008 tn med 40.6 med R R R R yes yes Dne Wisconsin 1990 yellow med 38.2 med IR IR S R IR yes yes Drumlin Wisconsin 2003 yellow med 38.2 med IR IR R R yes yes Esker Wisconsin 2004 yellow strong 38.6 med IR IR R R yes yes Excel Indin 2006 white med 39.9 med IR S R R yes yes Kme Wisconsin 2005 yellow med 37.2 med R IR R IR yes yes Vist Wisconsin 1999 yellow med 38.1 low R R R IR yes yes Other vrieties Bker Iow 2006 white lte med med high high R IR R R yes no Gem Wisconsin 1996 yellow lte med med high med IR R MR IR yes yes Morine Wisconsin 2001 yellow mid med med high med R IR R IR yes yes Ogle Illinois 1981 yellow mid med med high low MR S S S R no yes Robust Indin 2006 white lte med strong high med R S MR R yes no Mturity (month-dy) s indicted by heding dte in 17 Wisconsin tests conducted Vrieties with generlized rtings indicte the following: erly = before June 18, mid = June 18 21, lte = fter June 21. b Height (inches) t mturity in 21 Wisconsin tests conducted Vrieties with generlized rtings indicte the following: short = <33 inches, med = inches, tll = >38 inches. c Test weight (pounds/bushel) in 21 Wisconsin tests conducted Vrieties with generlized rtings indicte the following: low = <33 lb/bu, med = lb/bu, high = >35 lb/bu. d Disese resistnce: R = excellent resistnce, IR = intermedite or very good resistnce, MR = moderte or good resistnce, S = susceptible or poor resistnce. e BYDV = Brley yellow dwrf virus or red lef disese. f PVP = Plnt vriety protection or licensed for seed production. A yes indictes tht the vriety cnnot be reproduced nd sold s seed without certifiction. = informtion not vilble. 3

4 Tble 3. Ot vriety grin yield comprisons in Wisconsin Southern Wisconsin Northern Wisconsin Vriety Men Arlington Lncster Mdison Chilton Mrshfield Spooner Sturgeon By 2009 YIELDS 2009 yields (bu/) Erly seson Dne * * Kme * * 50 97* Midseson Esker * * 49 95* Excel 106* 139* * * * Ogle 111* 128* 75* 130* * * Lte seson Buckskin * * 89* 151* 44 94* Drumlin 104* * 128* 95* 173* 56 95* Gem * Vist * 127* 95* 172* Men LSD (0.05) HISTORIC YIELDS Erly seson yields (bu/) Dne * Kme * Midseson Esker * 131* 86* 134* Excel 110* 138* 92* 132* 91* * 107 Ogle 109* * * * 107 Lte seson Buckskin 109* 133* 92* 141* 85* * Drumlin 111* * 137* 89* 144* Gem * * Vist * 135* 89* Men LSD (0.05) * Vrieties not significntly different from the highest yielding vriety in the tril. ot The LSD (lest significnt difference) figures listed under the yield columns re sttisticl mesure of vrition within the tril. If the difference in yield of two vrieties is equl to or greter thn the LSD, the yields re significntly different. If the difference is less thn the LSD, the yield difference my hve been due to environmentl fctors. 4

5 Tble 4. Forge dry mtter yield of spring ot vrieties hrvested t lte boot/erly heding Yield (t/) Vriety Mdison Arlington Men Hrvest dte (June) Crude protein Yield (%) RFQ (t/) Hrvest dte (June) Buckskin Dne * Drumlin Esker * Excel * ForgePlus Gem Kme * 148.7* Ogle * 150.4* Vist LSD (0.05) * Vrieties not significntly different from highest yielding vriety in the tril. RFQ = Reltive feed qulity. Reltive feed qulity cn be used to mke comprisons mong vrieties listed in this tble, but should not be used to compre with other crops such s lflf. ot Tble 5. Brley vriety descriptions BARLEY Vriety Origin Yer relesed Awns Qulity Mturity (hed dte) Ht b (in.) 5 Lodging c (%) Disese resistnce e Test wt d Crown Stem Loose (lb/bu) rust rust smut Powd. mildew Spot blotch Recommended vrieties Hzen N. Dkot 1984 smooth feed strong 46 S S S MR R no no Kewunee Wisconsin 1997 smooth feed strong 45 R R IR R yes yes Rsmusson Minnesot 2008 semismooth mlt strong 47 R IR R yes yes Other vrieties Drummond N. Dkot 2001 smooth mlt erly short strong high R S MR R yes no Lcey Minnesot 2000 smooth mlt erly med med high R S MR R yes yes Robust Minnesot 1983 smooth mlt erly med med med S R S S R yes no Stnder Minnesot 1993 smooth feed erly short strong high R S S R yes no Mturity (month-dy) s indicted by heding dte in 17 Wisconsin tests conducted Vrieties with generlized rtings indicte the following: erly = before June 21, mid = June 21 25, lte = fter June 25. b Height (inches) t mturity in 21 Wisconsin tests conducted Vrieties with generlized rtings were included in other tests nd indicte the following: short = <30 inches, med = inches, tll = >36 inches. c Lodging: strong = <15%, med = 15 35%, wek = >35%. d Test weight (pounds/bushel) in 21 Wisconsin tests conducted Vrieties with generlized rtings were included in other tests nd indicte the following: low = <42 lb/bu, med = lb/bu, high = >46 lb/bu. e Disese resistnce: R = excellent resistnce, IR = intermedite or very good resistnce, MR = moderte or good resistnce, S = susceptible or poor resistnce. f PVP = Plnt vriety protection or licensed for seed production. A yes indictes tht the vriety cnnot be reproduced nd sold s seed by vriety nme without certifiction. = Informtion not vilble. Licensed/ PVP f Wis. cert.

6 Tble 6. Brley vriety grin yield comprisons in Wisconsin Southern Wisconsin Northern Wisconsin Vriety Men Arlington Lncster Mdison Chilton Mrshfield Spooner Sturgeon By 2009 YIELDS 2009 yields (bu/) Hzen 57* 72* 25* 90* 47* 73* 39* 48* Kewunee 56* 74* 27* 80* 52* 76* 41* 43* Rsmusson 59* 77* 27* 87* 57* 71* 44* 47* Men LSD (0.05) HISTORIC YIELDS yields (bu/) Hzen 60 85* 44 75* 50 80* 42* 40* Kewunee 60 87* 46 76* 52 81* 42* 37* Rsmusson 63 90* 54 79* 60 79* 42* 38* Men LSD (0.05) * Vrieties not significntly different from highest yielding vriety in the tril. BARLEY. The LSD (lest significnt difference) figures listed under the yield columns re sttisticl mesure of vrition within the tril. If the difference in yield of two vrieties is equl to or greter thn the LSD, then the yields re significntly different. If the difference is less thn the LSD, then the yield difference my hve been due to environmentl fctors. BARLEY. Tble 7. Forge dry mtter yield of spring brley vrieties hrvested t lte boot/erly heding Yield (t/) Vriety Mdison Arlington Men Hrvest dte (June) Crude protein Yield (%) RFQ (t/) Hrvest dte (June) Hzen 1.47* 1.38* 1.43* * 1.36* 12 Kewunee 1.47* 1.43* 1.45* * 12 Rsmusson 1.36* * LSD (0.05) * Vrieties not significntly different from the highest yielding vriety in the tril. RFQ=Reltive feed qulity. Reltive feed qulity vlues cn be used to mke comprisons mong vrieties but should not be used to compre with other crops such s lflf. Copyright 2009 University of Wisconsin System Bord of Regents nd University of Wisconsin-Extension, Coopertive Extension. Authors: John Mochon is smll grins progrm mnger, nd Shwn Conley nd Heidi Keppler re ssocite professors in gronomy, College of Agriculturl nd Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Mdison. Produced by Coopertive Extension Publishing. University of Wisconsin-Extension, Coopertive Extension, in coopertion with the U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture nd Wisconsin counties, publishes this informtion to further the purpose of the My 8 nd June 30, 1914, Acts of Congress. An EEO/AA employer, the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Coopertive Extension provides equl opportunities in employment nd progrmming, including Title IX nd ADA requirements. If you need this informtion in n lterntive formt, contct Equl Opportunity nd Diversity Progrms, University of Wisconsin-Extension, 432 N. Lke St., Rm. 501, Mdison, WI 53706, diversity@uwex.edu, phone: (608) , fx: (608) , TTY: 711 Wisconsin Rely. This publiction is vilble from your county UW-Extension office ( or from Coopertive Extension Publishing. To order, cll toll-free: (WIS-PUBS) or visit our website: lerningstore.uwex.edu. Wisconsin Ots nd Brley Performnce Tests 2010 (A3874) R-11-09