Glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario. Sikkema, UG

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1 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario

2 Glyphosate Resistant Weeds Introduction 1. Number of species a. 41 species in the world b. 17 species in the USA c. 6 species in Canada d. 4 species in Ontario i. Giant ragweed (2008) ii. Canada fleabane (2010) iii. Common ragweed (2011) iv. Waterhemp (2014)

3 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Today Today

4 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Susceptible Resistant Vink, UG Vink, UG Control 0.33 L/ac 0.67 L/ac Control 0.33 L/ac 0.67 L/ac

5 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane 2010 Essex

6 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane 2011 Essex Kent Lambton Elgin Middlesex Niagara

7 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane 2012 Essex Kent Lambton Elgin Middlesex Huron Haldimand Niagara

8 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Counties

9 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Counties

10 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Counties

11 Essex Perth

12 Waterloo Hastings Perth Hastings Prescott Russel Perth Perth Oxford Lennox Addington Prince Edward Essex Wentworth Kent Norfolk Brant Niagara

13 Not surprisingly, Ontario farmers indicate that glyphosate resistant Canada Fleabane is the #1 weed management issue in the province GFO, 2015

14 But, the problem has become even more challenging Multiple Resistant Canada Fleabane Roundup + Broadstrike RC Glyphosate Resistant Multiple Resistant Morpeth, ON Mull, ON

15 Multiple Resistant 23 Counties

16 How can GR Canada fleabane be controlled in a corn/soybean/wheat rotation?

17 Canada Fleabane in Corn

18 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Corn - Preplant Atrazine Broadstrike RC Primextra Converge+Atrazine Callisto+Atrazine Banvel Integrity Marksman Weed Control (%)

19 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Corn - Preplant Atrazine Broadstrike RC Primextra Converge+Atrazine Banvel Callisto+Atrazine Integrity Marksman Weed Control (%)

20 Canada Fleabane - Corn - PP Weedy Check Callisto + Atrazine (91%) Integrity (92%) Marksman (95%)

21 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Roundup Atrazine Permit Vios G3 Liberty Armezon + Atrazine 2,4-D Peak + Banvel Callisto + Atrazine Pardner + Atrazine Distinct Banvel Marksman Corn - Postemergence Weed Control (%)

22 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Roundup Atrazine Permit Vios G3 Liberty Armezon + Atrazine 2,4-D Peak + Banvel Callisto + Atrazine Pardner + Atrazine Distinct Banvel Marksman Corn - Postemergence Weed Control (%)

23 Canada Fleabane - Corn - POST Weedy Check Pardner + Atrazine (91%) Banvel (96%) Marksman (96%)

24 Canada Fleabane in Soybean

25 These 29 tankmixes were evaluated and did NOT provide acceptable control Preplant Burndown Soil Applied Residual Postemergence Herbicides Herbicides Herbicides Herbicide % Herbicide % Herbicide % R+2,4-D 73 R+Classic 65 R+Blazer 13 R+Aim 29 R+FirstRate 73 R+Reflex 16 R+Liberty 74 R+Lorox 37 R+Basagran 32 R+Gramoxone 80 R+Sencor 85 R+Pinnacle 17 R+Eragon 77 R+Broadstrike 73 R+Classic 45 R+Integrity 84 R+Pursuit 30 R+FirstRate 51 R+FirstRate 74 R+Command 20 R+Pursuit 25 R+Classic 75 R+Fierce 22 R+Cleansweep 24 R+Valtera 29 Guardian Plus 56 Flexstar 20 Guardian Plus 72 R+Conquest 26

26 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane The bottom line in Canada fleabane management is that we are trying to avoid having to control it with postemergence herbicides, since they largely do not work. Dr. Mark Loux Ohio State University Baker, Clark Agri Service Flexstar

27 Roundup + Eragon is the foundation for GR Canada Fleabane control, but Consistency of Control? % % 70-79% 60-69% 50-59% 0-49% % of studies Summary of 84 studies in Essex and Kent county

28 Roundup + Eragon is the foundation for GR Canada Fleabane control, but Consistency of Control? % % 70-79% % 50-59% % % of studies Summary of 84 studies in Essex and Kent county

29 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Roundup + Eragon Variable control

30 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane The variable emergence pattern of Canada fleabane and its tendency to emerge late in the season, means there are no bullet-proof Canada fleabane management programs Dr. Mark Loux Ohio State University

31 3-way tankmix provides control Roundup 12 Roundup + Eragon 84 Roundup + Eragon + 2,4-D 92 Roundup + Eragon + Sencor 97 Budd, UG GR Canada fleabane control (%) 8 WAA

32 3-way tankmix provides control Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Control Roundup + Eragon + Sencor

33 Canada Fleabane Control (%) Dicamba applied Preplant in RR Xtend Soybean Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Xtendimax (ml/ac) 94

34 Roundup Ready Xtend Soybean Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Glyphosate Dicamba 450

35 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Variable control with dicamba in some environments Control Roundup Xtend

36 Canada Fleabane in Wheat

37 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Peak+Pardner Refine M Buctril M MCPA ester Trophy Estaprop 2,4-D ester Target Infinity Winter Wheat Weed Control (%)

38 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Peak+Pardner Refine M Buctril M MCPA ester Trophy Estaprop 2,4-D ester Target Infinity Winter Wheat Weed Control (%)

39 Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Peak+Pardner Refine M Buctril M MCPA ester Trophy Estaprop 2,4-D ester Target Infinity Winter Wheat Weed Control (%)

40 Canada Fleabane Wheat - POST Weedy Check Infinity

41 Glyphosate Resistant Weeds In Ontario Conclusion Our research indicates and practices by Ontario farmers show that this is a manageable problem

42 Can Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane be managed in soybean?

43 Can Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane be managed in soybean?

44 Glyphosate Resistant Weeds In Ontario Conclusion Our research indicates and practices by Ontario farmers show that this is a manageable problem, BUT Ontario farmers will lose a tremendous amount of money due to a) Yield loss due to GR weed interference b) Increased herbicide cost

45 Can Ontario Farmers Eliminate this Problem through Good Management?

46 This takes guts to say publicly Dr. Michael Owen, Iowa State University The evolution of glyphosate resistant weeds is not a problem with the herbicide, glyphosate, or the Roundup Ready technology. Glyphosate resistant weeds developed because of the way we used glyphosate and the Roundup Ready technology.

47 Glyphosate Stewardship We found that grower management practices were the number one factor that influenced the selection for glyphosate resistant waterhemp on individual farms. Dr. Pat J. Tranel University of Illinois

48 Does management matter? Why is the field on the left so much cleaner?

49 Does management matter? Corn-soybean-wheat rotation Conventional tillage Glyphosate used in corn & soy Continuous RR soy (6 yrs) No-till Glyphosate sprayed each year

50 I think you will agree North American corn and soybean farmers have indicated by their purchasing patterns that they value Roundup Ready crops and the use of glyphosate for weed control Dr. Peter Sikkema University of Guelph

51 I think you will also agree For farmers to continue to get benefit from this technology in the future 1. It must be used less frequently, or 2. It must be used differently than it was in the past Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results Albert Einstein

52 Glyphosate Stewardship Cropping system diversity is the foundation for resistance management Dr. Stephen Powles University of Western Australia

53 Glyphosate Stewardship 1. Would you consider Adding a non-rr crop to your rotation, or, adding an additional non-rr crop to your diversified crop rotation? a. Conventional corn b. IP soybean c. Cereals - Winter wheat or spring cereals d. Dry beans e. Forages

54 Diverse Crop Rotations

55 Glyphosate Stewardship 2. Would you consider Applying multiple herbicide modes-of-action on every acre, every year by using a two-pass weed control program? a. Corn i. Acuron, Converge, Engarde, Integrity, Lumax, Primextra b. Soybean i. Boundary, Canopy, Conquest, Fierce, Freestyle, Integrity, Optill, Pursuit or TriActor

56 Glyphosate Stewardship Applying multiple herbicide modes-of-action on every acre, every year by adding a tankmix partner to Roundup applied POST? a. Corn i. Banvel, Halex, Marksman, Vios G3 b. Soybean 3. Would you consider i. Classic, FirstRate, Flexstar, Pursuit

57 Glyphosate Stewardship Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Multiple Crops & Multiple Herbicide Modes-of-action Crop Timing Herbicide Group Corn POST Distinct 4, 19 Soybean Wheat

58 Glyphosate Stewardship Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Multiple Crops & Multiple Herbicide Modes-of-action Crop Timing Herbicide Group Corn POST Distinct 4, 19 Soybean PP Eragon + Sencor 14, 5 Wheat

59 Glyphosate Stewardship Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Multiple Crops & Multiple Herbicide Modes-of-action Crop Timing Herbicide Group Corn POST Distinct 4, 19 Soybean PP Eragon + Sencor 14, 5 Wheat POST Infinity 27, 6 Six modes-of-action over a three-year, three-crop rotation

60 Glyphosate Stewardship 4. Would you consider Strategically incorporating some of the alternate/new technologies when they become available rather than relying on Roundup Ready exclusively? a. Corn i. Liberty Link, Enlist b. Soybean i. Liberty Link, RR2 Xtend, Enlist, Balance Soybean

61 Glyphosate Stewardship 5. Would you consider Including tillage at strategic points in your diversified crop rotation? Cowbrough, OMAF

62 Glyphosate Stewardship 6. Would you consider Seeding a cover crop after winter wheat harvest to reduce Canada fleabane emergence?

63 Glyphosate Stewardship 7. Would you consider Making near-perfect weed control your objective in your corn/ soybean/wheat rotation? a. Reduce weed seed return to the soil Corn Soybean Wheat

64 Glyphosate Stewardship Closing Quotes The intensive use of glyphosate in the absence of other weed management tools is not a sustainable practice. Dr. John Soteres Monsanto February 2013

65 Glyphosate Stewardship My hope is That Ontario farmers will implement weed management practices that limit the selection of additional glyphosate resistant weeds. This will ensure the usefulness of glyphosate and Roundup Ready crops for many years in the future. Dr. Peter Sikkema University of Guelph

66 Acknowledgements Graduate Students Joe Vink, Joanna Follings, Holly Byker, Laura Ford, Annemarie Van Wely, Scott Ditschun, Chris Budd, Mike Schryver, Taiga Cholette, Brittany Hedges, Brendan Metzger, James Ferrier Research Technician - Chris Kramer Summer research assistants Funding agencies

67 Final Thought If you do not have glyphosate resistance on your farm yet adopt Integrated Weed Management now. Use glyphosate judiciously at strategic points in your long term crop rotation. Dr. Peter Sikkema University of Guelph