Desho Grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) Lines Evaluation for Herbage Yield and Quality under Irrigation at Wondogenet

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1 Americn-Eursin J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (5): , 2017 ISSN IDOSI Pulictions, 2017 DOI: /idosi.ejes Desho Grss (Pennisetum pedicelltum) Lines Evlution for Herge Yield nd Qulity under Irrigtion t Wondogenet Teklegn Yirgu, Solomon Mengistu, Edo Shnku nd Froms Ijr 1 Wondogenet Agriculturl Reserch Center, P.O.Box, 198, Shshemene, Ethiopi 2 Holett Agriculturl Reserch Center, P.O.Box, 31, Holett, Ethiopi Astrct: This experiment ws undertken t Wondogenet Agriculturl Reserch center. The im of the reserch ws to determine the herge yield nd qulity of four ecotypes of Desho grss (Pennisetum pedicelltum) to develop promising ecotypes s registered vrieties for wider use mong livestock producer communities. Rndomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replictions ws employed. The result reveled tht, the gronomic performnce of height, vigor, dry mtter rtio, dry mtter yield in ton per hectre nd dry mtter lef to stem rtio were not differ significntly (P>0.05) etween four Desho grss ecotypes. Even though, the dry mtter yield in ton per hectre ws not differ significntly (P>0.05) etween hrvest, lrge mount of dry mtter yield in ton per hectre of 28.83±2.66 ws produced during second hrvest. Moreover, numericlly high dry mtter in ton per hectre ws produced y the grss lines of Arek-DZF#590 (28.35 ±3.77) nd Kulums-DZF#592 (26.52±3.77). Therefore, ll lines of Desho grsses were well dpted nd performed good under Wondogenet condition nd in similr environments elsewhere in Ethiopi. Key words: Desho Ecotype Grss Promising Yield INTRODUCTION [3,7]. Its home environment is the Wolyt zone of SNNPR, where it is vlued y the ntives s highly Livestock is n integrl prt of the frming systems in pltle forge plnt nd s gully stilizing gent in soil the country. According to [1] report, the mjor feed conservtion plntings. Furthermore, through sle of resources in the country re green fodder (54.59%), crop plnting mteril nd forge, Desho grss provides smll residue (31.6%), hy (6.81%) nd griculturl y product usiness opportunity for Ethiopin frmers [8]. (1.53%). One of the mens of climte smrt griculture The grss hs not undergone forml investigtions which cn help to reduce greenhouse gs emissions nd s to its gronomic nor qulity ttriutes. This vlule increse livestock productivity of the country is through ntive grss species hs to e studied scientificlly for its improved livestock feed nd feeding prctices [2]. Desho growth chrcteristics, herge yield nd qulities to is n indigenous grss of Ethiopi elonging to the fmily scertin economic contriution to the frmers in its of Pocee [3,4]. Morphologiclly it is closer to the genus ntive re nd in similr environments elsewhere in Brchiri with which it shres the cidic wetter res of Ethiopi. There is lso scrcity informtion of Desho southern Ethiopi. Moreover, the grss hs potentil to grss lines on gronomic requirements. Bimrew et l. [9] control wter loss effectively nd recovers rpidly fter reported significnt negtive correltions etween wtering even under severe drought conditions [3,5]. experience in production of Desho grss nd utiliztion s Desho grss is very pltle species to cttle nd feed. Therefore, the present study is imed to select the sheep [6]. The grss ws first used in Southern Ntions est herge yielding nd qulity of Desho grss mong Ntionlities nd Peoples Regionl (SNNPR) stte of the four ecotypes so s to develop promising ecotypes s Ethiopi nd now widely used in other regions of the registered vrieties for wider use mong livestock country for soil conservtion prctices nd niml fodder producer communities. Corresponding Author: Teklegn Yirgu, Wondogenet Agriculturl Reserch Center, P.O. Box, 198, Shshemene, Ethiopi. 427

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (5): , 2017 MATERIALS AND METHODS Lest significnt difference (LSD) test ws employed for vriles whose F-vlues declred significnt Description of the Study Are: The experiment ws difference (P<0.05). The sttisticl model for dt undertken in Wondogenet Agriculturl Reserch center. nlysis ws Wondogenet is locted t ' North ltitude, 38 30' Est longitude with n ltitude of 1780 meter ove se Y ijk = µ + t i + j + e ijk, level. The re receives men nnul rin fll of 1128 mm with minimum nd mximum temperture of 11 nd 26 C, Where respectively. The texture of the top soil (0-25cm) ws Y ijk is the response vrile under exmintion sndy cly lom with ph 8.84 (1:2.5 soil wter suspension) µ is the overll men nd 0.18 of totl nitrogen. t i is the tretment effect j is the lock effect/ rndom effect of experimentl plots Estlishment: Rndomized complete lock design of four (j =3; 1, 2, 3) nd tretments with three replictions were employed. A totl e ijk is the rndom error ssocited with the oservtion ij. 2 of twelve experimentl plots ech with 12m (3m*4m) res were used. Ech tretment groups were ssigned RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS rndomly nd independently to ech experimentl lock. The root split were plnted 0.5m spce etween nd Performnce of Four Desho Grss Lines: The gronomic within rows. DAP fertilizer ws pplied t the rte of 100 performnces of height, vigor, dry mtter rtio (DMR), dry kg/h to enhnce swrd consolidtion. Mngement mtter yield in ton per hectre (DMTPH) nd dry mtter prctices (weeding, pest nd disese monitoring/ control) lef to stem rtio (DMLSR) were not differ significntly were done uniformly. (P>0.05) etween four Desho grss lines. However, cover ws significntly (P<0.01) high for Kulums-DZF#592 Dt Collection: The collected dt were includes plot thn Kindo kosh-dzf#591nd Kindo kosh-dzf#589 cover, stnd vigor, herge yield using qudrt smpling lines. The dry mtter in ton per hectre ws ±3.77, nd lef to stem rtio. Incidence of disese, insect nd 26.52±3.77, 23.37±3.77 nd 21.95±3.77 for grss lines of weed infesttion were oserved nd recorded. Arek-DZF#590, Kulums-DZF#592, Kindo kosh- DZF#589 nd Kindo kosh-dzf#591, respectively. The Plnt Height: The height of hrvested plnt ws tken dry mtter to lef rtio ws lso 0.72±0.8 for Arekfrom the ground to the tip of the plnt. The verge of six DZF#590 nd 0.65±0.8 Kindo kosh-dzf#589 lines. plnt heights ws tken rndomly from ech plot t the Bimrew et l. [12] found locl sheep performed etter time of 50% flowering. when fed Desho grss thn nturl psture hy-sed diets. Estimtion of Biomss Yield: The iomss yield of different Desho grss lines were hrvested t 50% Performnce of Four Desho Grss Lines during First flowering t 10cm ove the ground. Weight of the totl Second Hrvest: First nd second hrvest performnce of fresh iomss yield ws mesured from ech plot in the Desho grss lines presented in Tle 2. Height, cover nd field nd susmple ws tken from ech plot to the dry mtter rtio were showed significntly (P<0.001) high lortory, upon rrivl t lortory it ws oven dried for during second hrvest thn first. Even though, the dry 72hours t temperture of 65 C. The oven dried smples mtter yield in ton per hectre ws not differ significntly were weighed to determine the totl dry mtter yield. Then (P>0.05) etween hrvest, lrge mount of dry mtter in the result ws converted in to dry mtter ton per hectre ton per hectre of 28.83±2.66 ws produced during second for comprison [10]. Smpled lef ws seprted from stem hrvest. Heuzé nd Hssoun [13] reported Desho grss to determine lef to stem rtio. fodder yield of ton green herge/h/yer; s yer-round fodder for livestock [14]. Bimrew et l. [12] Dt Anlysis: Quntittive dt sets were nlyzed found incresing the proportion of Desho grss from 0 to using generl liner model of sttisticl nlysis 100 % in the sl diet significntly (P< 0.05) incresed system (SAS) [11] procedures of 2002 version 9.0. verge dily ody weight gin of sheep. 428

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (5): , 2017 Tle 1: Performnce of four Desho grss ccessions. Tretment Accessions Height (cm) Cover (%) Vigor (%) DMR (±SEM) DMTPH (±SEM) DMLSR (±SEM) 1 Kulums-DZF# ± ± ± ± ± ±0.8 2 Kindo kosh-dzf# ±3.3 c 90.8± ± ± ± ±0.8 3 Kindo kosh-dzf# ± ± ± ± ± ±0.8 4 Arek-DZF# ± ± ± ± ± ±0.8 Men 93.37± ± ± ± ± ±0.8 CV% Sig ns ** ns ns ns ns c Mens ering different superscript long the column differ significntly. Sig: Significnt level, **: Significnt t 0.01 level, ns: non-significnt, CV: Coefficient of Vrition, SEM: Stndrd Error of Men; DMR: Dry Mtter Rtio; DMTPH: Dry Mtter in Ton per Hectre; DMLSR: Dry Mtter Lef to Stem Rtio. Tle 2: Performnce of four Desho grss during first nd second hrvest. Hrvest Height (cm) Cover (%) Vigor (%) DMR (±SEM) DMTPH (±SEM) DMLSR (±SEM) First 68.2± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 Second 118.6± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 Men 93.4± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 CV% Sig *** *** ns *** ns ns Mens ering different superscript long the column differ significntly. Sig: Significnt level, ***: Significnt t level, ns: non-significnt, CV: Coefficient of Vrition, SEM: Stndrd Error of Men; DMR: Dry Mtter Rtio; DMTPH: Dry Mtter in Ton per Hectre; DMLSR: Dry Mtter Lef to Stem Rtio. Fig. 1: Dry Mtter percent of Desho grss lines. Fig. 2: Dry mtter yield (ton/h) of Desho grss lines. 429

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (5): , Lef to stem rtio Kulums- DZF#592 Fig. 3: Lef to stem rtio of Desho grss lines. Kindo kosh- DZF#591 Kindo kosh- DZF#589 Arek-DZF#590 First hrvest Second hrvest Averge Dry Mtter Percent of Four Desho Grss Lines: per hectre nd dry mtter lef to stem rtio were lso not The verge dry mtter percent of four Desho grss lines differ significntly etween hrvests. Therefore, ll lines showed in Fig. 1. During second hrvest the dry mtter of Desho grsses were well dpted nd performed under rtio of Kulums-DZF#592 nd Kindo kosh-dzf#589 Wondogenet environmentl conditions. Among the lines lines were nd percent, respectively. prticulrly Kulums-DZF#592 nd Arek-DZF#590 were performed more in dry mtter ton per hectre s well s Averge Dry Mtter Yield (Tons per Hectre) of Four dry mtter rtio. Further reserch is needed to exploit its Desho Grss Lines: The verge dry mtter yield in ton potentil under rnge of livestock production per hectre of four Desho grss lines is indicted in performnces. Fig. 2. Even though, there ws no significnt (P>0.05) differences ws found etween first nd second hrvest, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS lrge mount of dry mtter in ton per hectre were otined during second hrvest thn first. During first In depth grteful thnks for Ethiopin Institute (21.76 nd kg/h) nd second (31.29 nd kg/h) of Agriculturl Reserch (EIAR) for funding the hrvests the lines of Kulums-DZF#592 nd Arek- reserch work. We re lso grtitude pprecition to DZF#590 were produced lrge mount of dry mtter in ton Mrs. Yons Belchew, Mrs. Dest Fekdu nd Mr. per hectre, respectively. Melku Beshir who were ctively involved in field mngement nd dt collection during the reserch Averge Lef to Stem Rtio on Dry Mtter Bsis of Four work. Desho Grss Lines: The dry mtter se lef to stem rtio ws indicted in Fig. 3. Numericlly lrge mount of lef to REFERENCES stem rtio were produced y Kindo kosh-dzf#589 nd Arek-DZF#590 lines. Bimrew et l. [12] found crude 1. Centrl Sttisticl Agency (CSA), Agriculturl protein digestion improved significntly (P<0.05) t Smple Survey. Livestock nd Livestock incresing level of Desho grss inclusion. The uthor lso Chrcteristics (Privte Pesnt Holdings). Sttisticl reported n incresed ADF nd NDF digestiility due to ulletin, 585(2): incresing levels of Desho grss in the sl diet. 2. FAO, Ethiopi Climte-Smrt Agriculture CONCLUSIONS 3. Scoping Study. Addis A Welle, S., K. Chntwrngul, S. Nontnnndh nd S. Jntwt, Effectiveness of grss strips s The results reveled non-significnt differences in rriers ginst runoff nd soil loss in Jijig re, dry mtter percent, dry mtter yield ton per hectre, dry northern prt of Somli region, Ethiopi. Ksetsrt mtter lef to stem rtio, height nd vigor etween the Journl (Nturl Science) 40: four Desho grss lines. Moreover, dry mtter yield in ton 430

5 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (5): , Smith, G., Ethiopi: Locl solutions to 9. Asmre, B., S. Demeke, T. Tolemrim, F. Tegegne, glol prolem. (Aville from J. Wmtu nd B. Rischkowsky, Determinnts g.info/en/focus/focusitem.php?=1784) of the utiliztion of desho grss (Pennisetum 5. Noitskis, B., A. Nstis nd Z. Koukour, pedicelltum) y frmers in Ethiopi. Tropicl Evlution of the drought resistnce of some forge Grsslnds, 4(2): species for the mrginl Mediterrnen res. In: 10. Aklilu, M. nd M. Alemyehu, Mesurements Zervs NP; Htziminoglou J, eds. The optiml in psture nd forge cropping systems. Technicl exploittion of mrginl Mediterrnen res y mnul 18. Ethiopin Agriculturl Reserch Institute. extensive ruminnt production systems. EAAP 11. SAS, Sttisticl Anlysis System, version 9.0, Puliction No. 83. Proceedings of n interntionl SAS Institute, Inc., Cry, NC, USA. symposium orgnized y HSAP, EAAP nd 12. Asmre, B., S. Demeke, T. Tolemrim, F. Tegegne, CIHEAM, Thessloniki, Greece, 18?20 June J. Wmtu nd B. Rischkowsky, Evlution of pp: 217?220. Desho grss (Pennisetum pedicelltum) hy s 6. Ecocrop, Ecocrop dtse. FAO. sl diet for growing locl sheep in Ethiopi. Trop Anim Helth Prod, 48: Yko, G., A. Geremichel, A. Aklilu nd E. Melku, 13. Heuzé, V. nd P. Hssoun, Nigeri grss Prticiptory evlution of different (Pennisetum pedicelltum). Feedipedi, multipurpose grss species for grded soil und progrmme y INRA, CIRAD, AFZ nd FAO. stiliztion in Gimo district, South West Ethiopi. Open Access Lirry Journl 2:e1627. DOI: 14. Let, G., A. Duncn nd A. Aden, Desho /oli grss (Pennisetum pedicelltum) for livestock feed, 8. Shiferw, A., R. Puskur, A. Tegegne nd D. Hoekstr, grzing lnd nd soil nd wter mngement on Innovtion in forge development: Empiricl smll-scle frms. NBDC Brief 11. ILRI (Interntionl evidence from Al Specil District, Southern Livestock Reserch Institute), Niroi, Keny. Ethiopi. Development in Prctice 21: DOI: /