Case Studies ICARDA: The Drylands

Transcription

1 Case Studies ICARDA: The Drylands Session II: Sharing experiences & lessons learned 6 April 2016, Bonn, Germany. Andrew Noble ICARDA Deputy Director General

2 Presentation Outline Introduction Case Studies Water Benchmarks and Raised Bed Seeder Germplasm Exchange for Legumes Concluding remarks 1

3 Addressing the Challenges of Food Security Our focus is on creating vibrant and prosperous rural communities where men and women enjoy increased job opportunities and incomes in agriculture, better access to nutritious food and good health, and increased capacity to innovate, use and manage natural resources in an equitable and sustainable way. 2

4 Water the most significant challenge for MENA Region Actual Renewable Water Resources (ARWR) per capita MENA is the world s most water-scarce region Region Australia/New Zealand Latin America & Caribbean North America Europe & Central Asia Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia & Pacific (& Japan & Koreas) Western Europe Highest water withdrawal is in MENA South Asia 2.7 Middle East & North Africa ARWR per capita (1000m 3 /yr) Total renewable water resources withdrawn (%) On-farm water use efficiency is as low as 40%, suggesting over-use of this scarce resource. Middle East & North Africa South Asia Western Europe East Asia & Pacific (& Japan & Koreas) Region North America Europe & Central Asia Australia/New Zealand Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America & Caribbean Percent of total renewable water resources w ithdraw n Percent

5 MENA and CAWA are the cradle of crop domestication The MENA region is home to important diverse landraces and wild relatives of major food crops that have evolved over thousands of years in the Fertile Crescent. Opportunities for genetic improvement through gene mining to increase yields under changing climate conditions. These include important agronomic traits and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses which in turn will support the efficient and effective use of the region s natural resource base. 4

6 Case 1: The Water Benchmark: Raised Bed Seeder A Platform for South to South and North and South Collaboration Goal: To improve rural livelihoods in the MENA region by harnessing local, regional and international expertise pilot test integrated water and land management strategies on selected benchmark sites for out scaling. Research collaborators National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in 7 countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Tunisia, and Yemen) National and 3 Regional Universities 4 US Land Grant Universities USDA ARS, and 2 CGIAR Centers

7 Regional Socio Economic Comparative Study on Technology Adoption Country Specific Location Proposed Technology Partnering Institution Jordan NCARE Jordan Marabs Badia Palestine Nassarya Silage production NARC and Tamun Egypt Old Lands Raised Bed ARC Iraq Abu Ghraib Sub surface Irrigation under protected agriculture Lebanon El Qaa Conservation Agriculture State Board of Agricultural Research (SBAR), MoA Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) A matrix of where technological intervention have the highest probability of going to scale

8 Raised bed and Grain Drill Combination Machine Originally an Indian design but modified, Reduce applied water by 30% Increased yields by 25% Reduced seed rate by 50% Increased WUE by 72% 70,000 acres (feddan) in Egypt in two years

9 FP: furrows irrigation FlP: flat bed irrigation RBP: raised bed irrigation

10 Case 2: Widening the Genetic Base of Lentil in South Asia The Challenge: South Asian lentils have narrow genetic base due to evolutionary process. West Asia is the origin of lentil wide genetic base. Using material from WA hybridization achieved using breeders from India, Morocco and ICARDA. 9

11 International Nurseries Developed with Indian Partners Crops No of nurseries No of requests No of collaborators Faba bean Chcikpea Lentil Grass pea Number of elite lines shared with NARS partners through International Nurseries Crops Total lines Chickpea 300 Lentil 330 Faba bean 240 Lathyrus 75 10

12 Sharing of Germplasm Across India and Bangladesh AICRP network Sharing of germplasm Country specific crosses Sharing of international and special nurseries Capacity building 11

13 Outcome of Breeding Program: Nepal emerged as an exporter of lentil in South Asia ~60% (124,578 ha) area under improved varieties Production of improved varieties = 124,952 tons. Total additional = m USD annually The present export value is >three times the value in Local varieties Grain yield (kg/ha) Improved varieties 12

14 Outcome: Biofortified lentils in Bangladesh Five short duration varieties with high Fe, Zn and yield released in Bangladesh BARI M8 is released this year with high Fe and Zn content 186,000 ton micronutrient dense lentil produced from 145,600 ha 13

15 Enablers and Barriers to SSC Enablers: Collaboration is more effective when there is common interest and when all partners stand to gain from collaboration Create opportunities for the collaborators to come together and dialogue. Institutional and personal commitment to collaboration. Institutional support to enable data sharing. Need for training on specific skills required for the collaborative research. Need for committed champion and buy in at the highest level Barriers: High turn over of staff within the collaborative team Budget limitations to facilitate collaboration and offer partners incentives to engage Technical capacity at the national level to engage in high level research, assure data quality, or effectively engage in dissemination efforts Security at least in the case of the MENA region resulting in travel restrictions, delays in data collection, etc.

16 Thank you