Improving the effectiveness of UK crop genetic science for wheat and oilseed rape through novel, integrated networks of research

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1 AAB 11 th March 2004 Improving the effectiveness of UK crop genetic science for wheat and oilseed rape through novel, integrated networks of research Kim Hammond-Kosack Rothamsted Research

2 The Defra Crop Genetic Improvement Networks Announced July 2002 Dr Donal Murphy-Bokern Arable Crop Sciences & Pesticide Safety Unit Science Directorate Defra

3 Overall Objectives Each Crop Genetic Improvement Network = Virtual Plant Breeding Institute To use crop breeding for the sustainable development of the arable sector To connect public sector science to the private sector Why this need?

4 A brief history of UK public and private sector activities in crop genetics 1960s Plant Breeders Rights established - competition till mid-1980s Transfer of information only, not breeding material 1960s-1970s excellent public sector activity in crop genetics and breeding PBI, Cambridge In mid-1980s, privatisation sale of PBI and NSDO Public Research Institute s to generate revenue from non-government sources and from own IP

5 Where was Defra coming from? Public research - 43 m pa > 16 m on named crop species > 5 m on targeted research > Little use of LINK > Project based > Pre-competitive Public R&D is only effective in supporting Defra if it results in better varieties

6 The Defra Crop Genetic Improvement Networks To recreate the best of the past To deploy existing research resources in networks of projects that bring public resources together to bear on the improvement of key crops Strategic alliances between the public research base and the breeding industry

7 Networks established* / under development Wheat * Oilseed rape * Short rotation coppice* Pulse crops Miscanthus also later Oats

8 The Defra Crop Genetic Improvement Networks Satellite Projects (Defra/BBSRC) oping udies Industry driven projects Core project: LINK 1 ait specific ojects Technologies Genetic resources Expertise LINK 2 To all breeders chnology velopment LINK 3 Science signal Industry signal efra/bbsrc funding Defra funding Defra/Industry funding

9 The longer-term vision A strong crop breeding sector deploying the best technologies science can offer A strong strategic and applied research base competing effectively for resources A strong base for international partnerships More resource efficient and productive crops

10 The Defra Genetic Improvement Network Comprises Several Parts WGIN OREGIN LINK projects 300K Satellite Projects 300K Core Project 300K 220K 5 years 3 years UK-based breeding companies

11 The Defra WGIN Grain Producers and Utilisers 9 UK WHEAT BREEDING COMPANIES MODEL SPECIES WGIN OTHER CEREALS EU BBSRC INTERNATIONAL

12 The Defra WGIN Core Project Aims: To Underpin Wheat Improvement by Plant Breeders Approaches: 1. Characterisation and provision of genetic resources 2. Genetic mapping and marker development 3. Trait identification 4. Identification and generation of novel variation in key traits : using non-gm approaches 5. Central storage of grain from field trials 6. Liaison and communication Funded research partners: Rothamsted Research and John Innes Centre

13 Genetic mapping and marker development > 500,000 wheat ESTs available Establish a reference UK mapping population Avalon Cadenza Avalon x Cadenza double haploid lines Switch to within the gene molecular markers

14 Trait identification 1. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) 2. Plant architecture traits to low disease pressure Septoria leaf blotch Fusarium ear blight 3. Grain quality Field trial at RRes, 0,100, 200, 350 kg Nitrogen, 31 cultivars, UK(20), Fra (5), DE (5), Poland (1) Desk-top study NUE (U of Nottingham, RRes and ADAS)

15 Identification and generation of novel variation in key traits PCR TILLING technique on - EMS mutagenised populations - Diverse germplasm collections Diploid and Hexaploid wheat The Vavilov Institute, St. Petersburg Russia

16 PCR TILLING Technique to identify gene variants Gene of interest P1 P2 Pool of PCR products (500 bp) PCR product lines 1-99 PCR product line 100 Single bp mis-matches cut in heteroduplex DNA by Cel1 enzyme denaturing electrophoresis Wild-type allele Variant allele Assess lines carrying variant allele for novel phenotypes

17 Demonstration PCR TILLING project No 1 Rht3 gene variants - wild-type phenotype extreme dwarf rht Rht1 Rht2 Rht1 Rht2 Rht3 Rht2 Rht3 EMS mutagenised - Mercia Rht3 line

18 Demonstration PCR TILLING project No 2 Global plant defence signalling regulators in both cereal and non-cereal species 3 COMPONENTS TO INDUCIBLE PLANT DEFENCE PATHOGEN RECOGNITION Plant cell signalling A MULTI-COMPONENT RESISTANCE RESPONSE

19 Management of the Defra WGIN : The Management Team Defra Funded partners. Rothamsted Research John Innes Centre Other Partners * ADAS University of Nottingham NIAB University of Bristol BBSRC* UK Wheat breeders* HGCA* ( *Ex-Officio Members)

20 Management of the Defra WGIN : The Stakeholders Millers and Bakers Brewers and Distillers CCFRA Livestock Feed Producers Food processors Agrochemical/Biotech Companies Wheat Researchers Field Trials Contractors

21 The Defra WGIN:Dissemination, Liaison and Communication Annual Stakeholders Forum (Nov) Annual Cereal Genetics and Genomics Workshop (Dec) Annual Traits Workshop (April) Workshops with overseas partner organisations:cimmyt, INRA etc. Web Site ( ) Six Monthly Electronic Newsletter

22 The Defra OREGIN Core Project Aims: To Underpin Oilseed Rape Improvement by Plant Breeders Approaches: 1. Molecular characterisation and provision of genetic resources 2. Trait identification Focus plant disease 3. Liaison and communication Funded research partners: Rothamsted Research Horticultural Research International

23 Generation of the B. napus Diversity Fixed Foundation Set Schematic representation of the diversity available in B. napus Winter OSR Spring OSR/Canola Hannover salad Fodder/forage rape Swede Resynthesised B. napus + Others? Aim to generate and maintain 188 DFFS genotypes

24 Autumn leaf lesion Traits Disease resistance 1. Phoma stem canker Leptosphaeria maculans Autumn leaf lesion Basal canker 2. Light leaf spot Pyrenopeziza brassicae Stem and seed pod infections

25 Leptosphaeria maculans - isolate collection 9 110? 38? 6 66

26 Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolate collection 65 28?

27 Archiving fungal diversity L. maculans P. brassicae Single-spored 126/229 78/93 DNA extracted Mycelial cultures initiated 78/93

28 OREGIN website -

29 LINK PROPOSAL SA 219 omponents of Resistance to Diseases in Winter Oilseed Rape Cultivars NIAB ADAS Rothamsted SAC HGCA Saaten Union CPB Twyford Nickerson Elsoms Syngenta Seeds Monsanto

30 Concluding remarks The Crop Genetic Improvement Networks are a Defra initiative focused on sustainable agriculture through lowering inputs New initiative re-connecting public investment with Industry Delivery through plant breeding conventional, genomic and GM Outcome of the BBSRC Crop Science Research review due in 2004

31 And finally Defra Donal Murphy-Bokern Bruno Viegas WGIN RRes - Peter Shewry, Andy Phillips Kim Hammond-Kosack Kostya Kanyuka Katie Tearall JIC John Snape Robert Koebner Christian Rogers Leodie Alibert The Plant Breeders The Management team OREGIN RRes Ian Crute Bruce Fitt Neal Evans Olu Latunde-Dada HRI - Graham King Graham Teakle JIC - Ian Bancroft Colin Morgan Peter Werner

32 The Defra WGIN: Wider Activities 1. Liaison with other Defra programmes on wheat 2. Liaison with other UK bodies supporting research on wheat: BBSRC,HGCA,FSA 3. Liaison with overseas organisations: CIMMYT/ICARDA (International) USDA/Agriculture Canada (N.America) CSIRO/Adelaide (Australia) DSIR Crop and Food (New Zealand) CSIR (South Africa) EU (FP6)