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1 International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Volume 9 Issue 2 June, RESEARCH PAPER Correlation co-efficient and regression study in summer greengram showing effects of phosphorus and sulphur on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality parameters and soil fertility R.K. BAIRWA*, V. NEPALIA, C.M. BALAI 2 AND H.P. MEENA 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BUNDI (RAJASTHAN) INDIA ( rb_agro@rediffmail.com; rkb.agro@gmail.com) Abstract : Field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dungarpur (Rajasthan) during summer, 200 and 20 on sandy clay loam soil to study correlation coefficient and regression equation showing relationship between phosphorus, sulphur (independent variable X) and on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrients uptake, quality parameters and soil fertility (dependent variables Y) on the mean basis. The results revealed that positive and significant correlation between P levels (kg ha - ) and plant height and dry matter accumulation at harvest, LAI and chlorophyll content at flower initiation stage, pods/plant, seeds/plant, 000-seed weight, grain yield, stover yield, biological yield, protein content in grain, protein yield, N content in grain, N content in stover, P content in grain, P content in stover, K content in grain, K content in stover, S content in grain, NPK and S uptake, available N and P status in soil after harvest the crop. Similarly, S levels (kg ha - ) resulted positive and significant correlation with respect to plant height and dry matter accumulation at harvest, LAI at flower initiation stage, branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/plant, 000-seed weight, grain yield, stover yield, biological yield, protein content in grain, protein yield, N content in grain, K content in grain, K content in stover, S content in grain, S content in stover, NPK and S uptake by crop, available PK and S status in soil after harvest the crop whereas chlorophyll content at flower initiation stage were found non significant. Key Words : Greengram, Correlation co-efficient, Regression, Phosphorus, Sulphur View Point Article : Bairwa, R.K., Nepalia, V., Balai, C.M. and Meena, H.P. (203). Correlation co-efficient and regression study in summer greengram showing effects of phosphorus and sulphur on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality parameters and soil fertility. Internat. J. agric. Sci., 9(2): Article History : Received : ; Revised : ; Accepted : INTRODUCTION Pulses are the major source of dietary protein in the vegetarian diet of our country. Besides being the source of protein, they maintain soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation and thus play a vital role in furthering sustainable agriculture (Kannaiyan, 999). In India pulses are grown in nearly million hectare area with production status of nearly 4.66 million tonnes at an average productivity level of 630 kg ha - (Economic Survey, 200-). Green gram is the third most important pulse crop after chickpea and pigeon pea. At the national level it is grown on 3.0 m ha area and produces nearly 0.94 m t with an average productivity of 304 kg ha - (Govt. of India, 200). In Rajasthan green gram is cultivated on.06 m ha land mass with 0.4 m t production at a yield status of 390 kg ha - (Govt. of Rajasthan, 200). Green gram is generally grown as a rain fed crop during rainy season in Rajasthan either as sole crop or mixed crop with cereals. However, with the enhanced irrigation facility in southern Rajasthan, the cropping intensity has increased to quite an * Author for correspondence Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, UDAIPUR (RAJASTHAN) INDIA ( vnepalia@gmail.com) 2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, DUNGARPUR (RAJASTHAN) INDIA ( vijaykala.2008@rediffmail.com) 3 Agricultural Research Station, BANSWARA (RAJASTHAN) INDIA ( hpagron@rediffmail.com)

2 R.K. BAIRWA, V. NEPALIA, C.M. BALAI AND H.P. MEENA extent. In the canal command areas, this crop is now raised in summer season in between two main seasons i.e. winter and rainy. This has opened avenues of intensifying crop production in the tribal dominated belt. Perhaps, because of these distinct features and higher economic returns, farmers have shown renewed interest towards this pulse crop (Chadha, 200). Amongst the growth inputs, mineral nutrients play a vital role not only exploiting the realizable yield status of the crop but also to maintain sustainability of soil for agricultural production. Judicious use of phosphate fertilizer is supposed to result in better nodulation and efficient functioning of nodule bacteria for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to be utilized by plants during grain development stage which in turn leads to increase in grain yield (Sarkar, 992). Sulphur is best known for its role in the formation of amino acids methionine (2per cent S) and cystine (27 per cent S), synthesis of protein, chlorophyll formation, promotes nodulation in legumes thereby increase in nitrogen fixation (Tandon, 99). Therefore, optimizing the sulphur nutrition of crops is key to achieving top crop yields and quality (Tabatabai, 984). MATERIAL AND METHODS A field experiment was conducted during summer 200 and 20 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dungarpur.The site is situated at N latitude, E longitude and an altitude of m above mean sea level. The region falls under Humid Southern Plain of Rajasthan (Agro climatic Zone IV b). The mean annual rainfall of the region is mm, most of which is contributed by south-west monsoon from July to September. The soils was sandy clay loam in texture and alkaline in reaction (ph 8. and 7.9), low in organic carbon (0.48 g kg - soil), available nitrogen ( kg ha - ), medium in available phosphorus (7.89 kg P 2 ha - ), high in available potassium ( kg K 2 O ha - ) and low in available sulphur (SO ppm). The treatments comprised of four levels of phosphorus (control, 20, 40 and 60 kg P 2 ha - ) and four levels of sulphur (control, 5, 30 and 45 kg S ha - ) thereby, making sixteen treatment combinations were replicated four time in factorial randomized block design. The crop was sown in same field on 8 March in 200 and 5 March in 20. As per treatment, phosphorus and sulphur were applied manually through DAP and mineral gypsum at the time of sowing in furrow at 5 cm below the seeding depth, respectively. A uniform dose of 25 kg nitrogen ha - was ensured through urea in each treatment. The seed of green gram variety SML-668 was treated with bavistin at 2 g kg -. It was followed by bacterial culture (Rhizobium phaseoli) treatment. Furrows were opened manually at 25 cm apart and seed were placed at a depth of 3 to 4 cm, using seed rate 5 kg/ha. Weed control, irrigation and plant protection measure were followed as per zonal package. At harvest, observations were recorded for the traits namely plant height at harvest (cm), dry matter accumulation (g plant - ) at harvest, LAI and chlorophyll content (mg g - ) at flower initiation stage, branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/plant, 000- seed weight (g), grain yield (kg ha - ), stover yield (kg ha - ), biological yield (kg ha - ), protein content (%) in grain, protein yield (kg ha - ), NPKS content in grain and stover (%), NPKS uptake by crop (kg ha - ) and available NPKS status in soil (kg ha - ) after harvest the crop. Assuming homogenicity in data over two years of experimentation, pooled analysis was carried out for all characters as per Gomez and Gomez (984). In order to establish interrelationship between various component coefficient of correlation and regression equation was computed as described by Panse and Sukhatme (985). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained from the present investigation as well as relevant discussion have been summarized under following heads : Effect of phosphorus: The observed improvement in crop productivity of summer greengram with phosphorus application in the present study can be validated by the existence of significant and positive interrelationship between P levels (kg ha - ) and plant height (r = 0.98) and dry matter accumulation (r = 0.95) at harvest, LAI (r = 0.99) and chlorophyll content (r = 0.98) at flower initiation stage, pods/plant (r = 0.98), seeds/plant (r = 0.99), 000-seed weight (r = 0.97), grain yield (r = 0.97), stover yield (r = 0.97), biological yield (r = 0.98), protein content (r = 0.97) in grain, protein yield (r = 0.97), N content in grain (r = 0.97), N content in stover (r = 0.97), P content in grain (r = 0.98), P content in stover (r = 0.99), K content in grain (r = 0.99), K content in stover (r = 0.98), S content in grain (r = 0.98), N uptake (r = 0.98), P uptake (r = 0.99), K uptake (r = 0.99), S uptake (r = 0.99), available N (r = 0.99) and available P (r = 0.99) status in soil after harvest the crop whereas branches/ plant were found no significant (Table ). Further a unit increase in phosphorus (kg ha - ) increased plant height by 0.06 cm, crop dry matter accumulation by 0.09 g plant -, LAI by 0.04, chlorophyll content by 0.03 mg g -, branches/plant by 0.05, pods/plant by 0.065, seeds/plant by 0.33, 000-seed weight by g, grain yield by.37 kg ha -, stover yield by 2.72 kg ha -, biological yield by 4.54 kg ha -, protein content by % in grain, protein yield by 0.55 kg ha -, N content in grain by %, N content in stover by %, P content in grain by 0.00 %, P content in stover by %, K content in grain by %, K content in stover by 0.00 %, S content in grain by %, N uptake by 0.22 kg ha -, P uptake by kg ha -, K uptake by kg ha -, S uptake by kg ha -, available N by 0.95 kg ha - and available P by 0.43 kg ha - in soil after harvest the crop (Table ). Improvement in productivity of summer green gram due to Internat. J. agric. Sci. June, 203 Vol. 9 Issue

3 CORRELATION CO-EFFICIENT & REGRESSION STUDY IN SUMMER GREENGRAM Table : Correlation co-efficient and regression equation showing relationship between phosphorus (independent variable X) and on different characters (dependent variables Y) on the mean basis Dependent variables (Y) Correlation coefficient (r) Regression (Y = a+bx) Plant height at harvest (cm) 0.98* Y = X Dry matter accumulation (g plant - ) at harvest 0.95* Y = X LAI at flower initiation stage 0.99** Y = X Chlorophyll content (mg g - ) at flower initiation stage 0.98* Y = X Branches/plant 0.94 Y = X Pods/plant 0.98* Y = X Seeds/plant 0.99* Y = X 000-seed weight (g) 0.97* Y = X Grain yield (kg ha - ) 0.97* Y = X Stover yield (kg ha - ) 0.97* Y = X Biological yield (kg ha - ) 0.98* Y = X Protein content (%) in grain 0.97* Y = X Protein yield (kg ha - ) 0.97* Y = X N content in grain (%) 0.97* Y = X N content in stover (%) 0.97* Y = X P content in grain (%) 0.98* Y = X P content in stover (%) 0.99* Y = X K content in grain (%) 0.99* Y = X K content in stover (%) 0.98* Y = X S content in grain (%) 0.98* Y = X N uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.98* Y = X P uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X K uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X S uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X Available N in soil (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X Available P in soil (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X * indicates significance of value at P=0.05 P fertilization was also observed by Bhuiyan et al. (2008) and Ali et al. (200). Effect of sulphur: The significant and positive correlation between S levels (kg ha - ) and plant height (r = 0.95) and dry matter accumulation (r = 0.96) at harvest, LAI (r = 0.97) at flower initiation stage, branches/plant (r = 0.98), pods/plant (r = 0.99), seeds/plant (r = 0.99), 000-seed weight (r = 0.99), grain yield (r = 0.98), stover yield (r = 0.99), biological yield (r = 0.99), protein content (r = 0.97) in grain, protein yield (r = 0.98), N content in grain (r = 0.98), K content in grain (r = 0.99), K content in stover (r = 0.99), S content in grain (r = 0.98), S content in stover (r = 0.99), N uptake (r = 0.99), P uptake (r = 0.99), K uptake (r = 0.99), S uptake (r = 0.99), available P (r = 0.95), available K (r = 0.95) and available S (r = 0.98) status in soil after harvest the crop whereas chlorophyll content at flower initiation stage were found no significant (Table 2). This has been further substantiated by regression analysis wherein a unit increase in S (kg ha - ) application increased plant height by cm, crop dry matter accumulation by g plant -, LAI by 0.0, chlorophyll content by 0.0 mg g -, branches/plant by 0.049, pods/plant by 0.072, seeds/plant by 0.364, 000-seed weight by g, grain yield by.77 Internat. J. agric. Sci. June, 203 Vol. 9 Issue

4 R.K. BAIRWA, V. NEPALIA, C.M. BALAI AND H.P. MEENA Table 2 : Correlation co-efficient and regression equation showing relationship between sulphur (independent variable X) and on different characters (dependent variables Y) on the mean basis Dependent variables (Y) Correlation coefficient (r) Regression (Y = a+bx) Plant height at harvest (cm) 0.95* Y = X Dry matter accumulation (g plant - ) at harvest 0.96* Y = X LAI at flower initiation stage 0.97* Y = X Chlorophyll content (mg g - ) at flower initiation stage 0.90 Y = X Branches/plant 0.98* Y = X Pods/plant 0.99* Y = X Seeds/plant 0.99* Y = X 000-seed weight (g) 0.99* Y = X Grain yield (kg ha - ) 0.98* Y = X Stover yield (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X Biological yield (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X Protein content (%) in grain 0.97* Y = X Protein yield (kg ha - ) 0.98* Y = X N content in grain (%) 0.98* Y = X K content in grain (%) 0.99* Y = X K content in stover (%) 0.99* Y = X S content in grain (%) 0.98* Y = X S content in stover (%) 0.99* Y = X N uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X P uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X K uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X S uptake by crop (kg ha - ) 0.99* Y = X Available P in soil (kg ha - ) 0.95* Y = X Available K in soil (kg ha - ) 0.95* Y = X Available S in soil (kg ha - ) 0.98* Y = X * indicates significance of value at P=0.05 kg ha -, stover yield by 3.0 kg ha -, biological yield by kg ha -, protein content by % in grain, protein yield by kg ha -, N content in grain by %, K content in grain by %, K content in stover by %, S content in grain by %, S content in stover by %, N uptake by 0.78 kg ha -, P uptake by 0.07 kg ha -, K uptake by kg ha -, S uptake by kg ha -, available P by 0.0 kg ha -, available K by kg ha - and available S by kg ha - in soil after harvest the crop (Table 2). These results are in conformity with the findings of Karwasra et al. (2006) and Patel et al. (200). It was concluded that application of phosphorus at 60 kg P 2 ha - and sulphur at 45 kg S ha - alone resulted in Internat. J. agric. Sci. June, 203 Vol. 9 Issue significant and positive correlation in respect to growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality parameters and soil fertility. REFERENCES Ali, M.A., Abbas, G., Mohy-ud-Din, Q., Ullah, K., Abbas, G. and Ashan, M. (200). Responce of mungbean (Vigna radiata) to phosphatic fertilizers under arid climate. J. Animal & Plant Sci. 20:83-86 Bhuiyan, M.M.H., Rahaman, M.M., Afrose, F., Sutradha, G.W.C. and Bhuiyan, M.S.I. (2008). Effect of phosphorus and molybdenum and Rhizobium inoculation on growth and nodulation of mungbean. J. Soil & Nature, 2:25-30.

5 CORRELATION CO-EFFICIENT & REGRESSION STUDY IN SUMMER GREENGRAM Chadha, M.L. (200). Short duration mungbean: A new success in South Asia. Asia-Pacific c/o FAO Regional office for Asia and Pacific, Bankok.page 0-, 27 Economic Survey (200-). Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs, Economics Division Government of India, New Delhi, 90 pp. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (984). Statistical procedure for agricultural research, 2 nd Ed, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore. Kannaiyan, S. (999). Bioresources technology for sustainable agriculture. Associated Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp.422. Karwasra, R.S., Kumar, U. and Yadav, A.S. (2006). Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on green gram ( Phaseolus radiatus). Haryana J. Agron., 22: Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (985). Statistical methods for agricultural workers, ICAR, NEW DELHI, INDIA. Patel, P.M., Patel, J.S., Patel, J.J. and Patel, H.K. (200). Effect of levels and sources of sulphur on seed yield and quality of summer green gram. Internat. J. Agric. Sci., 6:69-7. Sarkar, R.K. (992). Response of summer green gram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) to irrigation and phosphorus application. Indian J. Agron., 37: Tabatabai, M.A. (984). Importance of sulphur in crop production. Biochem., :45-62 Tandon, H.L.S. (99). Sulphur research and agricultural production in India. Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi, INDIA. WEBLIOGRAPHY Govt. of Rajasthan (200). District wise area, production and yield under moong crop. ( Retrieved on 30 March, 200) Govt.of India (200). Production of food grains, oilseeds and other commercial crops. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture. ( Retrieved on 30 March, 200). Internat. J. agric. Sci. June, 203 Vol. 9 Issue