National Agriculture Modernization Plan ( ) of PR China

Transcription

1 Background Policy Report National Agriculture Modernization Plan ( ) of PR China Report by Ministry of Agriculture of PR China Translated by DCZ Beijing, July

2 Contents Summary Chapter: Make out the current situation and grasp the new development characteristics Outstanding achievements of the modern agricultural construction Increasing challenges in the agricultural modernization development More favorable conditions for modernizing agriculture in China Chapter: Identify new development concepts in a scientific way Strategic requirements Guiding principles Basic principles Development objectives Chapter: Strengthen agriculture through innovation with focus on the transformation and upgrading of agriculture Push forward the structural change of agriculture Enhance capability in ensuring the quality and safety of food and other important agriproducts Enhance technological equipment and information technology Deepen agricultural and rural reform Major projects on strengthening agriculture through innovation Chapter: Benefiting farmers through coordination with focus on the promotion of balanced development of agriculture Promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry in rural areas Promote the regional integrated development of agriculture Promote coordinated development of management bodies Coordinate major projects for benefiting farmers Chapter: The Development of Green and Sustainable Agriculture Promote resource conservation and ecological restoration Strengthen environmental protection in agriculture Ensure quality and safety of agri-products Major projects on green agriculture Chapter: Develop agriculture through opening up to the outside world with focus on strengthening foreign cooperation Optimize the composition of foreign cooperation in agriculture Key areas for foreign cooperation in agriculture Foreign cooperation of agriculture in a higher level Promote a sound development of agricultural trade Major projects on developing agriculture through opening to the outside world

3 7. Chapter: Raising rural living standards through sharing with focus on increasing the welfare of people Promote the industry-based targeted poverty alleviation Promote the agricultural development in the special regions Promote the equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services Projects for raising rural living standards through sharing Chapter: Strengthen the policy support for developing agriculture, benefiting farmers and raising rural living standards Improve the fiscal support policies for agriculture Identify new financial policies for agriculture Improve the land policies for agricultural use Improve regulation and control policy of the agri-product market Chapter: Perform responsibilities to ensure success of the plan Strengthen the organization and leadership Carry out the plan hierarchically but uninterruptedly Improve the evaluation mechanism Strengthen the legal guarantee system

4 Disclaimer: This translation by the DCZ is provided as a working tool, and is provided "as is." No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, correctness, or reliability of any translations. Only the original official version should prevail as a source of reference. Notification Issued by the State Council on National Agricultural Modernization Plan ( ) on 17 October, 2016 Issue No.58 [2016] by the State Council of the People s Republic of China) The provincial governments, the governments of autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and ministries and the organs directly under the State Council, here is the national agricultural modernization plan ( ). Please implement it earnestly. Link: In order to implement the framework of the 13th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People s Republic of China and to actively promote the modernization of agriculture, this plan has been formulated. Summary The objectives of National Agricultural Modernization Plan ( ) can be summarize as such: by 2020, China wants to make notable progress in agricultural modernization nation-wide, effectively ensure national food security, significantly improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system of agricultural products, further enhance the global competitiveness of its agriculture sectors, enable farmers to live a well-off life in all respects and turn the countryside into a more beautiful and pleasant place to live in. Chapters 3-8 list the areas of development and agricultural modernization, and are summarizes here: Chapter 3: Strengthening agriculture through innovation, promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading Chapter 4: Benefit farmers through coordinated development and enhance the balanced 1. Promoting agricultural structure adjustment 2. Strengthen and security the supply capacity of grain and other key agricultural products 3. Improving technical equipment and informatization level 4. Deepening the reform of agriculture and rural areas 1. Promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industry in rural areas Adjust and optimize the planting structure. Improve the quality of livestock development. Promote the transformation and upgrading of fisheries. Establish function zones of food production and protected zones of key agricultural products. Promote development of high-standard farmland on a large scale. Comprehensively improve the capability of independent innovation. Promote innovation and development of modern seed industry. Enhance the capacity of applying scientific and technological achievements. Stabilize and improve the basic management system in rural areas. Actively develop various forms of moderate scale management. Deepen the reform of rural collective property rights system. Create demonstration areas for agricultural innovation and development. Promote the coordinated development of agricultural production and processing. Improve the market system of agricultural products. Develop new forms of agriculture. Explore other functions of agriculture. Create new mechanism of agriculture, industry and the tertiary industry integration. 2. The Coordinated In optimized zones where the amount of water resources match that 3

5 development of agriculture Chapter 5: Strengthen agriculture through green development and improve the level of agricultural sustainability Chapter 6: The opening-up of agricultural industry and the expansion of foreign cooperation Chapter 7: Sharing the prosperity and improve people s livelihood Development of Regional Agriculture 3. Promote the Coordinated Development of Business Subjects 1. Promoting resource conservation and ecological restoration 2. Strengthening agricultural environmental protection 3. Ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products 1. Optimizing the foreign cooperation layout of agriculture 2. Improve the level of the international cooperation on agriculture 3. Promote the healthy development of agroproducts trade 1. Carrying out targeted poverty elimination 2. Improving the agricultural development in special areas 3. Promoting the equality in the construction of infrastructures and public of land resources, improve the production capacity of staple agricultural products, expand the regional speciality industries, and accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization. In moderate development zones where the problems of agricultural resources and environmental issues prevail, focus on accelerating the adjustment of agricultural structure, limiting the scale of resourceintensive industries, and steadily promote agricultural modernization. In protected zones with ecologically fragile areas, we should highlight the ecological protection red line, and make clear which industries are banned there. Step up ecological construction efforts to enhance the level of sustainable development. Speed up the nurturing of new professional farmers. Enhance the ability of new business subjects to involve farmers. Promote the employment and entrepreneurship of rural talent. Strictly protect farmland. Save water and use it efficiently. Strengthen the protection of forestry and wetland resources. Restore grassland. Strengthen the conservation of fishery resources. Biodiversity. conservation Zero growth of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use. Promote the harmless treatment and the utilization of agricultural waste and residues. Appropriately dealing with prominent environmental problems. Enhance the source control ability. Promote the capacity of standardized production. Enhance brand influence. Enhance risk prevention and control capability. Improve the supervision of the quality and safety of agricultural products. With countries along the Belt and Road Initiative In areas of investment, trade, technologies and production capacity Develop large transnational corporate groups Push forward sci-tech foreign cooperation Improve the service system of agricultural foreign cooperation Enhance sectors such as modern agri-machinery manufacturing industry (including utilization of agricultural residues), agri-product processing Push forward the export of competitive agri-products Strengthen control of agricultural import and improve the import regulation and control system Implement the one village one kind of agri-product action in poor villages Consolidate new-type management bodies, and controll off-farm migration, reach higher returns on assets through shares on land rights Develop financial products and services (microcredit and soft loan policies) for the poor Build an indicator system for the assessment of the poverty alleviation-oriented industries Promote coordinated development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Xinjiang, in Tibet and other Tibetan areas and in old revolutionary areas, minority regions and border areas Improve the infrastructure in rural areas (water, sanitation, power) Build livable beautiful countryside Development of rural education, health and family planning, social 4

6 Chapter 8: Intensifying the policy support services 1. Improving the financial support policies 2. Creating policies to support farmers financially 3. Improving policies on agricultural land use 4. Perfecting the market regulation policy for agricultural products security, culture and other programs Support the settlement of rural residents in urban areas Improve the steady growth mechanism of fiscal total input Optimize investment funds of fixed assets in agriculture Adjust and optimize the agricultural subsidy policies: green development-oriented subsidies, gradually increase Green Box measures Improve the credit support policy, credit guarantee and evaluation system, interest discount loans, mortgage loans on land rights Strengthen the insurance guarantee and expand coverage, substituting subsidies with a reward system Support to scaled up new-type management bodies to use consolidated land Improve the minimum purchasing price policy for rice and wheat Improve the stock management system of important agriproductsand reform the collection and storage system of maize Targeted price policy of cotton and soybean will be adjusted and improved Promote the trade of agri-product futures Also see UK SAIN information sheet No

7 1. Chapter: Make out the current situation and grasp the new development characteristics 1.1. Outstanding achievements of the modern agricultural construction Since the 12th Five-year Plan period, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have been continuously promoting the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and raising rural living standard, leading farmers throughout China to make joint efforts to modernize agriculture and thus achieving great progress. The comprehensive agricultural productivity reached a new high, with the grain output increasing for consecutive years and even exceeding 600 billion kilograms for three years in a row. The meat, eggs, dairy and aqua-products and other food products were of high output with the quality of agri-products being steadily raised and the standardized system of modern agriculture being constantly improved. New breakthroughs have been made in terms of agricultural technologies and equipment with the percentage of efficient irrigation area of farmland, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological advancement and the comprehensive mechanization rate of major crops cultivation, sowing and harvesting reaching 52%, 56% and 63% respectively. The quality seed coverage reached over 96%. A kind of agriculture supported by modern facilities and sophisticated technologies has been basically formed. Further improvement has been made in moderate-scale operation. The reform of rural areas with focus on the systems of land, operations, property right and support and protection has been deepened with common development of family business, cooperative and collective operation and business management. Various forms of moderate-scale operations have witnessed an obvious increase. Changes have been made in the industrial lay-out. The proportion of the total value of agri-product processing industry and that of primarly agriculture has reached 2.2 to 1. The e-commerce and other new-type industries have been flourishing. Eco-friendly agriculture has gradually become a common concern of Chinese society. The farmers income increased to a new level with per capita disposable income of rural residents achieving 11,422 yuan, higher than the increase of urban residents income and that of GDP for six consecutive years. The proportion of the income of rural and urban residents has narrowed down to 2.73 to 1. The typical explorations saw breakthroughs in agricultural modernization being basically realized in some cities in the east coastal areas, suburban areas of big cities and large-scale reclamation zones, while the national modern agriculture demonstrations areas are playing the leading role in the modernization of agriculture. Overall speaking, the modernization of agriculture has entered a new stage, carried out in an holistic, but hierarchical way with certain implementation priorities Increasing challenges in the agricultural modernization development During the 13th Five-year plan period, the internal and external environment of agricultural modernization is more complex. Against the backdrop of structural upgrading of the residents consumption patterns, the structural imbalance between supply and demand of some agri-products has been increasingly prominent. High quality diversified and specialized agri-products are relatively underdeveloped. The soybean production continues to fall short of supply, while the production of maize is oversupplied and the stock of some products is in surplus, making it even harder to ensure the amount and structural balance between supply and demand. Due to the constraints on resources and the environment, more problems have derived from extensive farming. Pollutants like industrial wastes (waste water, waste gas and solid wastes) and municipal wastes are seen in rural areas. The decreasing and worsening arable land, the over-drilling of groundwater, the overuse of inputs and the severer agricultural non-point pollution, together with the increasing risks of agri-products, make it an urgent task to drive forward the green development and sustainable use of resources. The agri- 6

8 products of China show a lower competitiveness compared to the deep penetration of foreign imported agri-products into China. The labor cost and land cost are increasing more. The purchase price is higher than the selling price for the major agri-products in the foreign and domestic market. The imports of some agri-products are increasing year by year, putting the traditional favorable agriproducts into a trap for export. China is a vast agricultural country with numerous kinds of farming, but not a strong one with competitive edges. This is a question requiring our concern. The options for further increases of the agri-products prices are limited. The options for lifting income of farmers by encouraging them to go to work in urban areas become narrower. The growth rate of income from family businesses and salaries is slowing down. As a result, there is still a long way to go to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents and to ensure the realization of well-being livelihood of rural residents More favorable conditions for modernizing agriculture in China During the 13th Five-year Plan, China has favorable conditions for modernizing its agriculture. First, people are highly aware of the significance of agricultural development. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have long been giving priority to confronting the three issues of agriculture, farmers and rural areas, speeding up the improvement of weaknesses in agricultural modernization, which has become a common consensus among the governments and the whole society, thus channeling great driving forces for making further progresses. Second, the external driving forces are getting stronger. With the rapid development of new-type industrialization, IT application, and urbanization and with the promotion of common development of urban and rural areas, strong driving forces are provided to push forward the coordinated development of industrialization, IT advancement, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Third, a firmer foundation is laid for transformation. The accelerating improvement of agricultural infrastructure, ample supply of agriproducts and the increasing initiatives to do scale farming from farmers provide an inexhaustible primary driving force for modernizing agriculture. Fourth, the market potential is bigger. As the population continues to grow, there is a great potential demand for multifunctional farming and for personalized and diversified quality agri-products, offering opportunities to expand the development space of agriculture and the rural world. Fifth, innovation-driven development is more vigorous. The rural reform is still under way. A new round of technological and industrial change is ready to be carried out with emerging subjects, technologies, products and industrial forms, giving strong impetus for the upgrading and transformation of China s agriculture. In a word, during the 13th Five-year Plan period, the construction of agricultural modernization in China is still at a strategic stage, where much still can be done to tackle the challenges and make improvements, so we have to take this opportunity to speed up the upgrading, transformation and structural optimization of development and promote the coordinated development of agricultural modernization, new-type industrialization, IT advancement and urbanization by conforming with the requirements for building a moderately prosperous society and following the development pattern of agricultural modernization. 2. Chapter: Identify new development concepts in a scientific way 2.1. Strategic requirements Principle of development. Modernization is a must for the future of agriculture. It underpins the national modernization, which means the agricultural modernization is an indispensable part in the 7

9 process of modernizing our nation and should keep up with the pace of industrialization, IT advancement and urbanization. Main lines of development. Structural imbalance rather than inadequate supply have become the major challenge for agriculture against the new context. We will adjust and improve agriculturerelated policies mainly by promoting supply-side structural reform and raising overall benefits and competitiveness of agriculture. Strategic priorities. We will ensure food security through a production capacity guarantee system, appropriate import and technological advancements with focus on domestic demand so as to ensure the self-sufficiency in grains and security of provisions. Besides, we will also unswervingly deepen the rural reform, accelerate the rural development and safeguard a stable and harmonious rural society, do a good job in constructing modern agricultural systems of industry, production and business operations, and at the same time focus on the work of developing modern agriculture, increasing farmers income and building a new socialist countryside Guiding principles The agricultural modernization shall be carried out in accordance with the following guiding principles, including: comprehensively implementing the spirit of the first, third, fourth and fifth plenary session of the eighteenth CPC Central committee as well as the spirit conveyed in the speeches of President Xi Jinping, following the overall plan of integrated construction of society, economy, culture, politics and ecological civilization (five-in-one) as well as the strategic plan of Four Comprehensives. As comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively implementing rule of law and comprehensively strengthening Party discipline. Consolidating the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, sharing and opening to the outside world, vigorously implementing the decisions and plans worked out by the central government and the State Council. Taking the enhancement of quality, benefits and competitiveness as the focus, the promotion of supply-side structural reform as the main line and the moderate-scale operation of various forms as the leading role to speed up the transformation of agricultural development modes, constructing modern agricultural systems of industry, production and business operations, ensuring efficient supply of the agri-products, continuous increase of farmers income and sustainable agriculture, and following the development path of resourceconserving and environment-friendly modern agriculture, which is also highly productive and produces safe products. By following these principles, China will lay a firm foundation for the coordinated development of industrialization, IT advancement, urbanization and agricultural modernization and for building of a moderately prosperous society in an hostitic way in time Basic principles Farmers play the leading role. Focus should be put on benefiting farmers and safeguarding their rights and interests and respect should be paid to the initiative of farmers business operations and their pioneering spirit to stimulate them to do innovation, creation and startups, thus making them actively participate in modernizing agriculture and enjoy outcomes delivered by them. Optimize the production capacity and adjust the structure in a coordinated way. We will make it a bottom line to ensure the food security by placing more emphases on the enhancement of agricultural comprehensive productivity and the optimization of agricultural structures, and improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system by forming a quantitatively balanced and structurally rational supply chain, which offers quality products. 8

10 Coordinate the development of production, livelihood and ecology. The governments should take into consideration the environmental governance and ecological restoration, while promoting agricultural production and the increase of farmers income, spare no efforts to develop resourceconserving and environment-friendly agriculture toward eco-protection, and push forward cleaner production and green agriculture of high quality and productivity. Stick to reform and innovation-driven development. Reform of systems and mechanisms and technological innovation will be the primary forces. Reforms of the rural land system, management system and collective property system will be carried out as a whole with focus on enhancing the capability of independent innovation in agricultural science and technology, promoting the transformation of agricultural development modes from a material-prioritized one into a innovationdriven one. Give play to the market and government. We will give full play to the decisive role the market plays in allocating resources and give better play to the role the government plays in policy guidance, macro-control, support and protection and public services, formulating a modern administration mechanism which can spur dynamism and is of high efficiency with the support of the complete systems. Lay out the development plans at home and abroad in a holistic way. The governments should comprehensivly open up to the outside, implement open strategies conducive for mutual benefits, and speed up forming a layout of agricultural global cooperation, which features orderly export and import, thereby achieving coordinated development of meeting international and domestic market demand, promoting structural change and raising agricultural competitiveness. Make the agricultural modernization and urbanization supplement each other. The governments should guide the orderly transfer of surplus labor force to cities, actively build small cities and make immigrants from agriculture become urban residents to create favorable conditions for developing moderate-scale farming of various forms, for improving the quality and benefits of agriculture and for realizing the agricultural modernization Development objectives By 2020, progress should be made in national agricultural modernization and the supply system of agri-products, making Chinese agriculture more competitive in the international market. Food security should be ensured efficiently. A well-off life should be guaranteed for farmers and the construction of a beautiful countryside suitable for living should reach a new stage. Agricultural modernization should be basically realized in developed areas of east coastal areas, suburban areas of big cities, state-owned reclamation areas and national agricultural modernization demonstration zones. In addition, a framework of production capacity should be basically established with wellfacilitated farmland as basis and grain production functional areas and protection areas for production of important agri-products as support. A modern industrial system of agriculture should be constructed to integrate the development of four aspects such as grain, cash crops and fodder, arable and animal farming and forestry, cultivation, breeding and processing industry, and the combination of agriculture, industry and tertiary industry. The water used for irrigation should be kept in a stable level. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should meet the goal of zero growth. And the animal manure, crop straw and plastic film should be basically utilized in a efficient way. 9

11 Main indicators of agricultural modernization during the 13th Five-year Plan Categories Indicator base period value in 2015 target value in 2020 annual growth accumulate d attributives of indicators Food supply guarantee overall food (grain) production capacity (100 million tons) self-sufficiency rate of wheat and rice(%) maize cultivation area (100 million mu) soybean cultivation area (100 million mu) cotton cultivation area (10 thousand mu) cultivation area of oil crops (100 million mu) cultivation areas of sugar crops (10 thousand mu) restrictive restrictive anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory Agricultural structure Meat output (10 thousand tons) % anticipatory Output of dairy products (10 thousand tons) % anticipatory Quality and benefits Sustainable development Output of aquatic products (10 thousand tons) The proportion of total output from animal husbandry to that from agriculture (%) The proportion of output from fishery industry to that from agriculture (%) The ratio between the total output from agri-product processing industry and that from agriculture. Labor productivity of agriculture (10 thousand yuan per person) The increase rate of per capita disposable income of rural resident (%) The overall pass rate of agriproducts under the quality and safety inspection (%) Cultivated land area (100 million mu) The overall vegetation coverage of grassland (%) The utilization coefficient of effective farmland irrigation The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers applied to major crops (%) The utilization rate of pesticides applied to major crops (%) The utilization rate of waste plastic film (%) % anticipatory 28 >30 >2 anticipatory 10 >10 - anticipatory anticipatory 3 >4.7 >9.4% anticipatory - - >6.5 anticipatory 97 >97 - anticipatory restrictive restrictive >0.55 >0.018 anticipatory restrictive restrictive restrictive 10

12 Technical equipment Scale farming Support and protection The comprehensive utilization rate of residue from animal husbandry (%) The effective irrigation area of farmland (100 million mu) the contribution rate of scientific and technological advancement in agriculture (%) The comprehensive mechanization rate of tillage and sowing and harvest of major crops (%) The proportion of moderate-scale farming of various forms (%) The proportion of scale animal farming (%) The proportion of demonstration area of healthy aquafarming (%) The total expenditure of national public finance for agriculture, forestry and water (100 million yuan) The agricultural insurance rate (%) restrictive 9.88 >10 >0.12 anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory anticipatory > anticipatory anticipatory Notes: 1. The self-sufficiency rate of maize and rice refers to the degree of maize and rice meeting the demand of domestic production capacity. 2. The agricultural insurance rate refers to the proportion of agricultural premium income to the added value of the agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal farming. 3. Chapter: Strengthen agriculture through innovation with focus on the transformation and upgrading of agriculture Innovation is the primary driving force to modernize Chinese agriculture. It can help promote the transformation and upgrading of agriculture. We must focus on the innovation of supply, technologies, mechanisms and institutions and speed up introducing of strategies such as crop rotation and fallow, when the supply of grain excesses demand, keeping balance between supply and demand of grain through science and technology, and innovation-driven development, fostering a healthier and more sustainable agriculture Push forward the structural change of agriculture 1. Adjust and optimize the cultivation structure. The structural adjustment of cultivation will be promoted with priority given to maize. The winter wheat growing area will be kept unchanged, while the area exclusive for wheat will be expanded. The production capacity of japonica rice in North China and double cropping rice in South China will be strengthened. The area of corn cultivation will be reduced in the cold and cool areas in Northeast China. The transition areas of agriculture and animal husbandry in North China, sand arid areas in the northwest, the areas along Taihang Mountain and desert rocky areas in the southwest should carry out the reform of grain for feed. The area of soybean cultivation will be restored and expanded to grow high protein edible soybean, maintain the production capacity of oil-bearing soybean in Northeast China with favorable conditions and expand the rotation area of grain and soybean. The scale and standardized production bases will be established in the areas favorable for growing cotton, oil crops, sugar crops and sericulture. The potato food industry will be developed. The area for growing vegetables will be kept in the suburban 11

13 areas of large and medium-sized cities to ensure a certain self-sufficiency rate. In addition, the production bases will be built in Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi to supply vegetables to the north part of China. (These tasks will be performed by Ministry of Agriculture [MOA] in cooperation with National Development and Reform Commission [NDRC], Ministry of Finance [MOF], Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Commerce) 2. Improve the quality of animal farming. The pig farming and grassing husbandry will be given priority in the adjustment of the animal husbandry structure by taking into consideration the farming scale and the tolerance of resources and environment to form a development pattern with scale production and intensive operations playing the leading role, and make the major animal farming provinces or regions first achieve modernization. The number of pigs will be kept stable and the pig meat will be ensured self-sufficient by adjusting the pig farming layout in the water network regions in the south. At the same time, the development of grassing husbandry will be accelerated. The production of quality fattening cattle and sheep will be increased. The base construction of dairy production will be strengthened to lift the quality of dairy products and the brand effect. A modern industrial system for feed production will be established as soon as possible to produce safe, effective and environment-friendly feed products. (These tasks will be performed by Ministry of Agriculture in cooperation with Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and China Food and Drug Administration) 3. Promote the transformation and upgrading of the fishery industry. The structural adjustment of the fishery industry will be promoted with focus on resource conservation and increasing income, while reducing production output. The development of the fishing industry will be planned in an organized way through rationally defining the farming scale in the public waters including lakes, reservoirs, etc. The pond cultivation will be carried on along with the promotion of doing aquafarming in crop land or in the low-lying saline-alkali land. Efforts will be made to develop healthy aquaculture by renovating ponds. The fishing intensity and output will be reduced by further encouraging reduction of marine fishing and increase of aquafarming as well as putting an end to the illegal use of fishing nets, which allows no escape of any fish even baby fish, and to the appearance of fishers without fishing permit nor registration certificate of their ship nor an inspection certificate. The fishing administrations and ports and other kinds of infrastructure will be constructed as soon as possible to improve the platform for law enforcement and administration of all fishery activities. The pelagic fishery industry will be developed in line with related norms in an orderly way through improving its processing, flow and replenishment and setting up overall service bases for overseas fishery. (These tasks will be performed by MOA in cooperation with NDRC, MOF and State Oceanic Administration) 4. Strengthen the production of special agri-forestry products. The standardized production of special agri-products will be carried out by promoting quality varieties and applicable technologies, setting up protection areas of original production and fostering a group of professional villages and towns with distinct characteristics, various types and with competitive edges. Besides, the woody grain and oil construction project and special forestry project will be carried out to develop the underdeveloped forest economy. (These tasks will be performed by MOA and State Forestry Administration in cooperation with NDRC and MOF) 12

14 3.2. Enhance capability in ensuring the quality and safety of food and other important agri-products 1. Set up function areas of grain production and protection areas of major agri-products production. The basic permanent farmland, with an area of 1.5 billion mu, will be mapped out comprehensively by household registration, recording in a database and depicting them on the land map (GIS). The strictest protection will be implemented to such farmlands. The function areas of grain production and protection areas of major agri-products production will be defined and constructed in the permanent farmland in the first place. The rice and wheat fields with relatively well-fitted soil and water conditions and of well connected and continuous cultivation will be the first choice for designating grain production function areas. The areas under protection for cultivating soybean, cotton and sugar cane will be identified with clear-cut protection scale and priorities. (These tasks will be performed by MOA, NDRC and Ministry of Land and Resources in cooperation with MOF, Ministry of Environmental Protection [MEP], Ministry of Water Resources, National Bureau of Statistics and State Administration of Grain) 2. Promote the construction of well-facilitated farmland in a wide range. Efforts will be made to integrate and improve the construction plans and unify the construction standard, supervision and performance appraisal and put them on the land map and database (GIS). Meanwhile, work will be done to coordinate farmland construction funds of various fields and provide adequate support to the implementation of the project, thus ensuring joint efforts to construct well-facilitated farmlands. New channels will be explored for investment and financing. For example, ways such as entrusted construction and construction with subsidies granted after completion can be adopted to encourage new-type management bodies and industrial and commercial organizations to invest more in constructing well-facilitated farmland. Besides, we can offer guidance to banks and development financial institutions to give more support to credit. (These tasks will be performed by NDRC in cooperation with MOF, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Water Resources, MOA, the People s Bank of China, China Meteorological Administration and China Banking Regulatory Commission) 3.3. Enhance technological equipment and information technology 1. Enhance capability of independent innovation comprehensively. Innovation will be encouraged and taken as the leading force to make the sci-tech innovation level of agriculture in China rank the top among the developing countries. The reform of the agricultural sci-tech system will be deepened by strengthening the leading role enterprises play. Key sci-tech plans will be carried out in the hope of developing major technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property right as soon as possible. The technological integrated innovation will be strengthened. Efforts will be made to tackle the challenges of developing a green growth mode of cotton-, grain-, sugar cane- and oil crop growing, to create a highly productive and efficient mode and to strengthen the innovation of technologies for handling the desertification of grassland and for changing alkali land. The conditions of key laboratories of crucial agricultural disciplines and science labs will be improved to push forward the construction of a technological system for modern agricultural industry and foster a hub for sci-tech innovation of modern agriculture. Research talent programs will be carried out to form a sci-tech innovation league to develop Chinese agriculture. Supervision over biological safety will be strengthened to ensure sound development of modern agri-biological technologies. (These tasks will be performed by Ministry of Science and Technology and MOA in cooperation with NDRC, MOF, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and Chinese Academy of Science) 13

15 2. Promote the innovation-driven development of the seed industry. Safety of the seed industry will be guaranteed by the following methods including: strengthening the research and development of heterosis utilization, breeding by molecular design, highly productive breeding and other key technologies; cultivating and promoting the new varieties, which adapt to mechanized production, boast high yield and quality that can resist various diseases and natural conditions; improving the facilities of bases for breeding fine varieties; establishing a sound seedling breeding system of horticultural crops; promoting an new turn of renewal of varieties of major crops. A system for stock breeding will be established by encouraging joint breeding and genome-wide selective breeding and by accelerating the pace of breeding of selected original varieties and that of new varieties. In addition, the major breeds of livestock and poultry will be encouraged to go global. The work of census, collection, preservation and evaluation of seed resources will be strengthened. The reform will be deepened in the seed industry sector to protect the rights and interests of researchers. A group of modern seed companies with international competitiveness will be fostered as soon as possible. (These tasks will be performed by MOA and Ministry of Science and Technology in cooperation with NDRC, MOF, Ministry of Land Resources, State Forestry Administration and Chinese Academy of Science) 3. Enhance capability to transfer sci-tech deliverables into practical production activities. The system for using, treating and earnings management of the technological deliverables will be improved by deepening reform of the promotion of farming technologies at grassroots, by improving performance appraisal and stimulus schemes of sci-tech promoters, by formulating a new promotion system with grassroots agri-machinery promotion playing the main part. The research institutes and higher education institutions are playing a supporting role and wide participation of social agri-services organizations are needed to trying to set up comprehensive nonprofit agri-service organizations, which combine the agri-tech promotion, credit rating, insurance promotion and selling. The intellectual property rights in agriculture will be better protected and the deliverables will be put into practical use. Agricultural sci-tech achievements transfer centers will be established by appointing agro-technicians to guide the application of technologies and by establishing national agricultural scitech parks. (These tasks will be performed by Ministry of Science and technology and MOA in cooperation with NDRC, Ministry of Education, MOF, State Intellectual Property Office, China Banking Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission) 4. Promote the upgrading of agricultural mechanization. The whole process of wheat production will be further mechanized by promoting the use of machines to plant rice and harvest maize, potatoes and sugar canes. Challenges to use machines for the production of cotton, oil, sugar and grass and in hilly and mountainous areas will be tackled as soon as possible. The subsoiling with machine tools will be encouraged. The area with subsoiling should account for about 30% annually in the major grain-growing regions. Besides, the mechanized standard should be enhanced in livestock farming and the fishing industry through such ways as improving facility farming, enhancing equipment for prevention and control of pests and diseases and developing agricultural aviation. (These tasks will be performed by MOA in cooperation with NDRC, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOF and State Administration of Grain) 5. Promote the integration between information technology and agriculture. The Internet Plus action of modern agriculture will be carried out as soon as possible. The Internet of Things and smart equipment should be further popularized for application to ensure the access of rural residents for information and improve the capability of farmers in using mobile phones. By 2020, the percentage of the application of the Internet of Things in agriculture should reach 17%; the penetration rate of the Internet in rural areas 52% and the coverage rate of information service stations in villages 80%. 14

16 A system for the survey and analysis of the data on global agriculture will be established in which the supply and demand information of important agri-products will be issued periodically. A national data cloud will be basically established to function as data monitoring, analyzing, issuing and providing services. The construction of infrastructure of agricultural remote sensing will be strengthened. A book account (bookkeeping) system will be set up to record the important agricultural resources and the survey system of the fixed observation spots in countryside will be improved. (These tasks will be performed by MOA and NDRC in cooperation with Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOF, Ministry of Land and Resources, MEP, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Commerce, State Bureau of Statistics, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Science and China Meteorological Administration) 3.4. Deepen agricultural and rural reform 1. Continue to implement the basic rural management system and improve it at the same time. The rural land contract relationship will be kept stable and unchanged for a long time. The collective property right will be introduced along with ongoing land contract rights and revitalizing land management rights. More ways will be worked out to promote the separation of these three rights. The work of registration and certification to verify rural contracted land right should be basically finished by 2018 or as soon as possible. Pilots will be set up in the places with required condition to steadily encourage the farmers, who have been registered as urban residents to give up contract land right by awarding them. The rural business management system at county and town levels will be improved to strengthen management of land transfer and scale operations. (These tasks will be performed by the Agricultural Leadership Group Office of the Central Government and MOA in cooperation with NDRC, MOF, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Land and Resources and Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council) 2. Actively develop moderate-scale operation of various forms. The household contract responsibility system will be continued and improved. Besides, we will, under the premises of respecting farmer s willingness and protecting their rights and interests, give more play to the coordinating role the rural collectives play, guide them to transfer their land management rights under law at their own will, encourage them to exchange their contracted land and jointly cultivate farmland and plant crops to realize continuous farming by removing ridges of field, thus consolidating the land in pieces and improving the mechanization and productivity. The moderate-scale operation will be developed by land transfer, stock purchase with land and by other forms. The best practices will be summarized and then popularized. The policy system for supporting new-type management bodies will be established as soon as possible. The scale of the agriculture-related projects those management bodies undertake will be expanded and a system of direct report on the operations of those bodies will be set up. The support projects for socialized services of agriculture will be introduced. We will make the innovation pilots of socialization of the whole agricultural production process and the pilots of mechanism innovation in which the government purchases the services for public good cover more areas. The entrusted crop farming and the overall prevention and control of pests and diseases will be more professional and social with larger scale. (These tasks will be performed by MOA in cooperation with the Agricultural Leadership Group Office of the Central Government, NDRC, MOF, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Water Resources, People s Bank of China, State Administration of Taxation, State Administration for Industry and Commerce, State Bureau of Statistics, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and All- China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives) 3. Deepen the reform of the rural collective property right system. Focus will be put on the promotion of verifying the right of rural collectively-own assets to individual household as well as the 15

17 reform of the share-holding cooperation system. Farmers will be endowed with the right to hold, mortgage, guarantee and inherit the shares of the collectively-own assets and at the same time have rights to enjoy the earnings and quit holding shares with rewards. The power and capacity reform pilots will be set up step by step for the shares of rural collectively-owned assets in the hope of basically finishing distributing the productive assets to the members of the collective economic organization in the form of shares by Meanwhile, we will improve the mechanism for running and maintaining the non-productive assets together. A unified land market of towns and cities will be established as soon as possible by promoting the same market access, same rights and same prices for the construction land of rural collective operations and state-owned construction land under the law and in conformity with plans and zoning regulations. The pilots for the rural land expropriation, the collective operational construction land entering market and the homestead system reform will be carried out in a steady pace. Better job will be done in summarizing best practices. The rules and regulations will be revised when needed. The system of collective ownership of forests will be improved by guiding the orderly transfer of the forest rights and encouraging the development of family forest farms and share-holding cooperative forest farms. (These tasks will be performed by the Agricultural Leadership Group Office of the Central Government, MOA, Ministry of Land and resources and State Forestry Administration in cooperation with NDRC, MOF, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, People s Bank of China and Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council) 4. Set up innovation-driven agriculture demonstration pilots. We will make national modern agriculture demonstration zones play the leading role with priorities given to the work of improving infrastructure, integrating technology application, developing intensive production and operations, promoting green production and making support and protection work more systemized. Rural reform pilots will be carried out in the first place by breaking the constraints of systems and mechanisms in modernizing agriculture. Sustainable agriculture demonstration pilots will be constructed to explore modes for efficient utilization of agricultural resources, for ecological restoration and conservation, for the governance of prominent problems and for the development of circular agriculture. The agriculture reclamation will take the lead in modernizing agriculture and underpin the state-owned agricultural economy. To achieve it, we will speed up introducing the strategy of international grain traders of reclamation, push forward the reform of the reclamation areas and farms by guiding them to set up groups and enterprises respectively, and drive forward the joint development of agriculture reclamation areas. The supporting comprehensive reform will be deepened in the modernization of agriculture in the two plains 1 of Heilongjiang and in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in Chongqing and Chengdu. (These tasks will be performed by MOA and NDRC in cooperation with MOF, Ministry of Land and Resources and MEP) 3.5. Major projects on strengthening agriculture through innovation 1. Well-facilitated farmland construction project With focus on major grain production areas, we will first develop well-facilitated farmland to ensure food security. This will be realized by constructing irrigation facilities, roads for mechanized ploughing, farmland windbreak forest net, power transportation facilities, facilities for setting aside agri-machinery, soil improvement and other field projects. In the meantime, the farmland of low output will be transformed to guarantee that 800 million mu of eco-friendly well-facilitated farmland, which features continuous farming, high yield and stable yield in spite of unfavorable weather must 1 They are Sanjiang Plain and SongNen Plain. The former one refers to the plain along the Heilongjiang River, Wusulijiang River and Songjiang River. The latter one refers to the plain in the crossing section of Songhuajiang River and Nenjiang River. 16