Guidelines And Successful Case Studies in Rural Development

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Derick Anderson
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1 Learning from Some of the Available Guidelines And Successful Case Studies in Rural Development Compiled by UBA Cell, IIT Delhi

2 Contents 1. Salient Guidelines 1.1 Guidelines from the Manual of Integrated Village Planning and Development.. Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Govt. of India 1.2 Saansad Adrash Gram Yojana (SAGY) Guidelines.. MoRD, Govt. of India 1.3 Adarsh Gram (Model Village): A Concept Note 2. Brief Case Studies 2.1 Hiware Bazar, Maharashtra 2.2 Gangadevapalli, Andhra Pradesh 2.3 Ramachandrapuram, Andhra Pradesh 2.4 Piplantri, Rajasthan 2.5 Emergent Common Features and Divergences 2.6 Ralegaon Sidhi, Maharashtra 2.7 Chhindbari, Chhattisgarh 2.8 Punsari, Gujarat 2.9 Miscellaneous Excerpts from Good Practices 2.10 Glimpses of Some Encouraging Initiatives in SAGY 3. Typical Village Development Plans 3.1 Village Development Plan for Alipur Village Sohna Block, Gurugram - Prepared by NIFTEM for Smart Model Village Initiative of Rastrapati Bhavan 3.2 Village Development Plan for Rojka Meo Village Nuh Block, Mewat - Prepared by NIFTEM for Smart Model Village Initiative of Rastrapati Bhavan Appendix: Salient Reference Sources

89 2 Brief Case Studies of Successful Interventions

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114 2.6 Ralegan Siddhi: A village transformed Anna Hazare The development of Ralegan Siddhi by the vision and dedicated efforts of Sh. Anna Hazare has become one of the successful example to carry out development on the basis of local natural resources and with the close participation of the local community. Started in mid 1970s by Sh. Anna Hazare, this village at that time had very pathetic and awful condition. Most of the land was barren and undulated. As the village was located in the rain-shadow area, the annual rainfall was meager mm. All of the rainwater used to run off and get wasted. There were no means to harvest this precious resource. Whatever rainwater could be collected, was sufficient to cultivate only one crop on acres of land out of a total 2200 acres of land available in the village. 80% families were surviving on one square meal in a day. As food production was insufficient and no employment opportunities were available in the village, some villagers had started brewing liquor to earn their livelihood. Gradually the number of breweries rose to 35. They were aware that what they were doing was socially and morally incorrect, but the circumstances forced them to adopt this profession for their livelihood. Some villagers had to walk 5 6 km. each day in search of employment in the nearby villages. The helplessness due to poverty and indebtedness led people to desperation and ultimately to alcoholism. Quarrels and street fights became daily chores. When he decided to dedicate his life for social cause in 1975, he believed charity should begin from home. Swami Vivekananda s words resonated in his mind - people would not listen to philosophical ideologies with empty stomachs. Social change is not possible if people are haunted by the daily problem of making two ends meet. Hazare taxed his brains on how to solve this rucial problem. He remembered that Late Mr. Vilasrao Salunkhe had in 1972, started experiments in watershed development and water management in some villages near Saswad in Pune district. His work used to be frequently discussed in informal gatherings everywhere. So, Hazare visited his project and was inspired. This visit gave a direction to his ideas and he decided to undertake similar work of watershed development in the village. The watershed development work helped in conserving each drop of rainwater in the village itself and in recharging the groundwater aquifers. This ultimately raised the water table. In the same village where earlier it was not possible to cultivate more than acres of land for one crop, now the villagers are harvesting two crops in 1500 acres of land. Due to availability of water, the agricultural production has boosted up. The agricultural development has created lot of employment in the village itself. Not only has the distress migration completely stopped, but now

115 wage labourers have to be hired from other villages in order to get various inter-cultural operations done in time. Today the villagers have completely given up brewing of liquor. Nobody sells liquor in the village. Further, the shopkeepers do not sell cigarettes, beedies and tobacco too for the last 13 years. Earlier, only 300 liters of milk was produced in the village. Now the milk production has gone up to 4000 liters. This milk is purchased by cooperatives and private dairies. This brings in Rs. 1.3 to 1.5 crores (13 to 15 million) annually to the village. The dairy business has flourished as a subsidiary to agriculture which has provided a new income generation avenue to the unemployed youths of the village. The per capita income of the villagers has increased from Rs. 225 to Rs This has completely transformed the economy of the village. The living conditions of the villagers have improved and the gap between the haves and have-nots has also narrowed down. After the economic transformation of the village, villagers constructed buildings worth Rs.1 crore (10 million) for school, hostel and gymkhana and renovated the old village temple through financial contributions and shramdan. Mass marriages are arranged in the village (generally 25 to 30 marriages at a time) in order to curb expenditure. This has helped in removing caste barriers and promoting social cohesiveness. After the success of watershed development programme in Ralegan Siddhi, Hazare replicated it in the neighbouring four villages. The results are encouraging. Now similar project is being replicated in villages of Maharashtra. Like any other village in India, in Ralegan Siddhi also, there was a social problem of untouchability. Today, people of all castes and creeds live together in peace like members of the same family. The cooperation among all the villagers has also become much stronger. In the last 35 years, many institutions and cooperatives like Gram Panchayat, Cooperative Consumer Society, Cooperative Credit Society, Cooperative Dairy, Educational Society, Women s Organization and Youth Organization, with different mandates are operating in Ralegan Siddhi. Till date, no elections were held for the selection of members of these institutions. The members were selected unanimously by the villagers in the Gram Sabha. The Gram Sabha has emerged as a powerful forum for taking collective decisions at the village level. All the developmental programmes are implemented in the village after taking consent of the Gram Sabha. For last 15 years, thousands of visitors, not only from neighbouring states of India, but also from abroad, have visited Ralegan Siddhi to study the impact of watershed development. They include researchers, academicians, farmers, government officials, people s representatives and students. While implemainting the watershed program trained manpower is required and realising that there was paucity of trained manpower in Ralegan Siddhi a training institute to impart training in watershed development was established. So far, about thousand people from different states of India have been trained at the Training Centre on Watershed Development.

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128 2.9 Miscellaneous Excerpts from Good Practices

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141 2.10 Glimpses of Some Encouraging Initiatives from Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna (SAGY)

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147 3 Typical Village Development Plans

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185 Appendix Salient Reference Sources 1. Manual Integrated Village Planning and Development; Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Govt. of India [ 2. Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) Guidelines Dept. of Rural Development, MoRD, Govt. of India [pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2014/.../d pdf] 3. Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana : Sankalan Initiatives in SAGY Gram Panchayats Dept. of Rural Development, MoRD, Govt. of India, NIRD & PR, Hyderabad 4. Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) Guidelines Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India [ idelines-revised-2015-english.pdf] 5. National Workshop on Good Practices in Rural Development Sector Compendium of Entries MoRD, Govt. of India and NIRD & PR, Hyderabad