Enhancing the Australian plant biosecurity system amidst rapid global change

Transcription

1 Science Protecting Plant Health Conference September 2017 Enhancing the Australian plant biosecurity system amidst rapid global change Dr Sally Troy, Assistant Secretary, Plant Health Policy Branch 27 September 2017

2 Global biosecurity risk is changing Increased movement of stuff

3 Global biosecurity risk is changing Movement Australian imports PAX 16M 17M 18M 19M Cargo containers (Inspected) ( ) >2.5M ( ) >2.5M ( ) Mail (units) 186M 173M 140M 138M Vessels

4 Global biosecurity risk is changing Increased movement of stuff People Goods Conveyances (vessels) Changes in land use & environs Pest distribution Host distribution Changes in Impacts

5 Plant Biosecurity is complex Host Number Plant commodities (species) > Native plant species (excl algae) Potential Plant pests > Invertebrates ~ Pathogens Viruses & viroids ~2 000 Bacteria Fungi Very large set of possible novel combinations

6 Regulating Plant Biosecurity is complex Many participants in our system Improvements - How to decide what to do next? How to talk about progress? How to talk about what the options are? How to tell if we re doing the right things? Agreed priorities & processes support defensible actions

7 Standard plant-commodity import and export process IMPORT Process triggered Priorities set Risks analysed Pest status in Australia Pest status in exporting country Risk - Pest pathways E, E, S & I Measures to manage risk Conditions determined Implement Operate Assure EXPORT Process triggered Priorities set Technical submission prepared Pest status in Australia Pest status in importing country Risk - Pest pathways E, E, S Measures to manage pests Protocols negotiated Implement Operate Assure

8 Biosecurity protecting production & protecting export capacity 2 key principles in the global phytosanitary trade system to ensure that phytosanitary measures are not unjustifiable trade barriers: 1. Pest status 2. Biosecurity Risk [& Appropriate level of protection]

9 Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes Identify and address changing biosecurity risks Changing Risk Import Export Changing Status Identify and respond to changing pest status

10 Adjusting biosecurity is responding to CHANGE Change in: Biosecurity Risk Pest status

11 Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes Identify and address changing biosecurity risks Changing Risk Import Export Changing Status Identify and respond to changing pest status

12 What is changing biosecurity risk? Changes in the probability of: o Entry o Establishment o Spread o Impact of a pest, or pests From changes in: o Pest biology o Host biology o Pathway o Measures o Impact

13 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 1. National prioritisation framework what do we need to identify and address?

14 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 1. Framework (PHC 2015) Priorities to Prevent Respond Learn to live with Priorities for Agriculture Environment Priorities for Pests Pathways Areas CAPABILITY Assess risks Apply measures (Treat) Identify (Diagnostics) Find (Surveillance) Plan Negotiate trade protocols Build awareness Build capacity & capability Acquire Knowledge Find resources

15 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests But why given lists are always wrong?? Biased by scientific knowledge / or lack scientific disciplines production interests of the creators?? Specific pests: Focus attention give handles for communication fire the imagination Create some start points help to test the system identify gaps in our capabilities

16 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests Harvest from industry priorities (>350 priorities) Expert elicitation - Ensure representation of taxonomic disciplines Review relative impacts Don t take no for an answer

17 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests Harvest from industry priorities (>350 priorities) Identify environment priorities? Expert elicitation - Ensure representation of taxonomic disciplines Proportional representation? Review relative impacts Mainly $$ values what about regional importance, social, environmental importance? Don t take no for an answer Promise review & improvement PRAFHIS project CEBRA work

18 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach National Priority Plant Pests the Top 42 Pests Numbers on NPPP List Arthropods 19 Fungi - Ascomycota 6 Fungi - Basidiomycota 4 Proteobacteria 5 Nematodes 3 Molluscs 2 Water moulds - Oomycota 2 Virus 1 Total 42 Grains pests Polyphagous horticulture Forest pests Social pests Mostly plant commodity pests, but some contaminant / hitchhikers & some natural pathway pests

19 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 1. Xylella 2. Khapra beetle 3. Exotic fruit flies 4. Karnal Bunt 5. Huanglongbing CLsa & GWSS 6. Gypsy moths 7. Exotic Invasive Tramp ants 8. Mites of bees 9. Giant African Snail 10. Brown marmorated stink bug 11. Zebra Chip CLso (& TPP) 12. Ug (Russian wheat aphid) 19. Potato cyst nematode 25.Golden apple snail 31.Exotic longhorn beetles 37. Sunn pest 14. Citrus canker 15. Guava rust 16. Airborne Phytophthora 20. Liriomyza Leaf miner 21. Fire blight 22. Hessian fly 26. Barley stripe rust 27. Heterodera spp. 32. Bursaphelenchus spp. 33. Fusarium wilt 38. Lygus spp. 39. Monochamus spp. 28.Plum pox virus 17. Exotic bees 18. Panama Disease Tropical Race Texas root rot 24. Wheat stem sawfly 29. Exotic drywood termites 34. Chilo spp. 35. Black sigatoka 40. Burning moth 41. European canker 30. Exotic subterranean termites 36. Potato late blight 42. Dutch elm disease

20 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 1. Xylella 2. Khapra beetle 3. Exotic fruit flies 4. Karnal Bunt 5. Huanglongbing CLsa & GWSS 6. Gypsy moths 7. Exotic Invasive Tramp ants 8. Mites of bees 9. Giant African Snail 10. Brown marmorated stink bug 11. Zebra Chip CLso (& TPP) 12. Ug (Russian wheat aphid) 19. Potato cyst nematode 25.Golden apple snail 31.Exotic longhorn beetles 37. Sunn pest 14. Citrus canker 15. Guava rust 16. Airborne Phytophthora 20. Liriomyza Leaf miner 21. Fire blight 22. Hessian fly 26. Barley stripe rust 27. Heterodera spp. 32. Bursaphelenchus spp. 33. Fusarium wilt 38. Lygus spp. 39. Monochamus spp. 28.Plum pox virus 17. Exotic bees 18. Panama Disease Tropical Race Texas root rot 24. Wheat stem sawfly 29. Exotic drywood termites 34. Chilo spp. 35. Black sigatoka 40. Burning moth 41. European canker 30. Exotic subterranean termites 36. Potato late blight 42. Dutch elm disease

21 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach National Priority Plant Pests the Top 42 became the Top 40

22 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach National Priority Plant Pests the Top 40 social media campaign

23 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach National Priority Plant Pests the Top 40 social media campaign social media campaign

24 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach National Priority Plant Pests getting attention initial examples National Xylella Symposium Report with proposed actions National Tramp Ant Exotic Invasive Ant Symposium National Plan in preparation But this species, or species group, approach will take a long time to complete Hold these pest lists lightly

25 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach 3. Framework priority by pest Capability Status [combined Prevention & Response] Risks Measures Find Identify Plan Contain & Trade continuity Cooperate incl communicate Build capacity Fill knowledge gaps Confirm resources Pathway & Pest reviews Triage approach Import conditions review Proposed: Measures review project National Surveillance Framework Surveillance plans underway via SNPHS Underway via SPHD, Audit conducted by CSIRO PLANTPLAN Contingency plan review, Simulations Interstate Certification Assurance Scheme Proposed: Host review project National emergency response agreements EPPRD NEBRA PHA members industry & government NBC & PHC government Through PHA, PHC on farm biosecurity, technical expertise PBCRC, PBRI, RDE Frameworks/Lists Ongoing challenge

26 Changing Biosecurity Risks a national approach Moving beyond National Priority Plant Pests? evolve into priority pest categories taxonomic groups? functional groups? Address issues for each capability in framework? policy Cooperation technology Capacity people Knowledge gaps information Resources resources Formalised National Triage process? Alerting of suspected substantive changes in pests hosts pathways impacts measures Apply priorities framework further? pathways areas

27 Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes Identify and address changing biosecurity risks Changing Risk Import Export Changing Status Identify and respond to changing pest status

28 What is changing pest status? Pest status changing from country freedom to: o Present under eradication o Present under official control o Present Potential impacts on: o Our exports o Our continued regulation for the pest on imports Clear process & requirements, & coordinated actions o Import regulation & export certification o States and territories o Affected industries agricultural, importers, exporters o Diplomatic staff/overseas posts o Trading partners o Research organisations

29 Changing Pest status a national approach Policy & process developments In addition to the Prioritisation Framework: National arrangements to respond to new pests (for eradication) EPPRD NEBRA [Explore] initial arrangements for non-eradicable pests National Trade Framework Area Freedom Framework General Surveillance Framework National Surveillance Framework Policies for present pests Plant Quarantine Pests and Official Control [Explore] Regulated Non Quarantine Pests

30 Mechanisms to facilitate phytosanitary trade Domestic plant health delivering international phytosanitary outcomes Risk analysis Pest status Market access needs National Trade Framework Agreed by PHC45 in 2014 Testing (end point) Standards for entry requirements e.g. IPPC/ISPM, ICA Rules Pest status statements Production Systems Treatment Product integrity A language to discuss our needs Certification Controls to ensure standards are met Registered Establishments Inspection Documentation requirements Systems of compliance Crop monitors Auditing Verification Non-compliance detections PHYTOSANITARY TRADE

31 ISPM standards mapped against the framework Mechanisms to facilitate phytosanitary trade Domestic plant health delivering international phytosanitary outcomes ISPM 1: Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade ISPM 3: Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms ISPM 15: Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade ISPM 20: Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system ISPM 24: Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary measures Maps the international standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPMs) on the trade process Risk analysis ISPM 2: Framework for pest risk analysis ISPM 11: Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests ISPM 21: Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests ISPM 32: Categorisation of commodities according to their risk Pest status ISPM 8: Determination of pest status in an area Standards for entry requirements e.g. IPPC/ISPM, ICA Rules Market access needs Controls to ensure standards are met Systems of compliance PHYTOSANITARY TRADE ISPMs NOT INCLUDED IN THE FRAMEWORK ISPM 5: Glossary ISPM 6: Guidelines for surveillance ISPM 9: Guidelines for pest eradication programs ISPM 16: Regulated non-quarantine pests: Concepts and application ISPM 17: Pest reporting ISPM 19: Guidelines on lists of regulated pests ISPM 27: Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests ISPM 34: Design and operation of post-entry quarantine stations for plants

32 Changing Pest status a national approach Eradication arrangements Agriculture (EPPRD) & Environmental (NEBRA) pests Area Freedom framework & General surveillance framework Agreed by PHC 2014 Basis for our claims for country and area freedom from pests Area freedom what is required: Evidence of freedom general vs specific surveillance o Evidentiary requirements for absence o System to maintain free area o Evidence of system success General surveillance o What is basis of evidentiary requirements National surveillance framework (proposed 2017) Guide development of general and specific surveillance programs & capability Area freedom is one significant objective Quarantine pest and official control policy Requirements to continue import regulations for present pests

33 NATIONAL PLANT BIOSECURITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FRAMEWORK The National Plant Biosecurity Surveillance System Framework identifies five objectives for surveillance: 1. Early warning (EW) 2. Early detection (ED) 3. Plant pest status/area freedom (AF) 4. Delimiting (DE) 5. Monitoring established pests (ME) These objectives underpin the Australian Government s investment in improving biosecurity surveillance and analysis through the Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper. SURVEILLANCE ENABLERS Policy and legislation Partnerships and shared responsibility Resources and funding Risk analysis and risk based allocation Processes and workflows Information management Technology and tools People capability Communications and engagement Evaluation and assurance SURVEILLANCE PROCESSES SPECIFIC SURVEILLANCE Specific surveillance programs Design (surveys, trapping) Delivery Data collection Protocols and procedures Capability and capacity GENERAL SURVEILLANCE Observations Inspections Notifications Investigations Data collection DIAGNOSTICS Quality systems Proficiency testing programs Diagnostics protocols Pest reference system Capability and capacity APPLICATIONS PESTS Emerging pests Industry priority pests Social amenity pests Environmental pests REGIONS Border Urban/peri-urban Rural Northern Australia External Territories Offshore Jurisdictions NRM regions PATHWAYS Hosts Commodities/industries Regulated Unregulated/natural Emerging pathways Endorsed by the Plant Health Surveillance Consultative Committee July 2017 For more information visit

34 Changing Biosecurity Risk Frames to help focus improvements in plant biosecurity Changing Pest status Building on processes to protect production Clarifying processes and requirements to protect trade

35 Thank you