LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS

Transcription

1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS Angelica Mendoza Beltran * and Jeroen Guinée Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Department of Industrial Ecology, Leiden University, The Netherlands AQUACULTURE EUROPE 2014 OCTOBER 15 th 2014

2 Contents Introduction Life Cycle Assessment () Data collection Monoculture IMTA Research Questions Results Scoping Framework Discussion and Conclusions

3 Introduction(1) Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA): an environmental management concept can minimize the environmental impacts while expanding the economic base (Price, C.S. and J.A. Morris, Jr, 2013) Energy Production dissolved Capture fisheries Production of marine proteins and oils dissolved Inorganic fertilizers production particulate Finfish production particulate Bivalves Agriculture Echinoderms Algae

4 Introduction(2) The FP7 European research project IDREEM: Demonstrate IMTA Through pilot commercial-scale testing Apply field research and modelling European SMEs paired to local research institutes (SME/RTD pairings)

5 Life Cycle Assessment () One of the tools applied to evaluate environmental impacts is What is? Here confined to: Quantitative environmental Life Cycle Assessment of products Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Quantitative Products

6 Life Cycle Assessment(2) ISO-standardised procedure (ISO 14040, created in ; revised in 2006) Structured framework of four phases: Goal and Scope Inventory Analysis Characterization Interpretation Life cycle assessment framework Goal and scope definition Inventory analysis Impact assessment Interpretation Direct applications: - Product development and improvement - Strategic planning - Public policy making - Marketing - Other

7 Data collection: monoculture UP-STREAM Juveniles Feed Fuel and Chemicals Electricity Foreground Sea area Aquaculture (monoculture) productive activities at a farm Excess feed Chemicals DOWN-STREAM Finfish ready for consumption Down-stream Down-stream LEGEND Environmental Flow Economic Flow Unit not part of all SMEs core activities Unit part of all SMEs core activities Unit Process (up-stream or downs-stream)

8 Data collection: monoculture Process Process Process UP-STREAM Feed Fuel Juveniles Feed Fuel Hatchery/Nursery electricity Juveniles Process and Chemicals Electricity Farm Foreground DOWN-STREAM Sea area Fuel Sea area Fuel Fuel Fuel electricity Transport of juveniles to farm Juveniles Farm Aquaculture Cage (monoculture) 1 Cage 2 productive Cage 3 Cage N... activities at a farm Growth Feed Grown life fish Harvest Dead fish Transport Deaf Fish Processing Finfish ready for consumption Finfish ready for consumption Down-stream Farm Construction Maintenance Disease Treatment Down-stream Down-stream Excess feed Chemicals Feaces Chemicals LEGEND Environmental Flow Economic Flow Unit not part of all SMEs core activities Unit part of all SMEs core activities Unit Process (up-stream or downs-stream)

9 HIGH Integration of IMTA system LOW IMTA (co-siting) Resources IMTA (highly integrated) Resources Data collection: IMTA Inputs Monoculture finfish production (baseline ) wastes Inputs Monoculture finfish production (baseline ) wastes Resources Feces, urine, lost feed IMTA Resources Inputs Monoculture algae production Resources Feces, urine, lost feed IMTA System Inputs Monoculture bivalves production IMTA Inputs Resources Feces, urine, lost feed wastes Finfish, algae, bivalves and echinoderms Inputs wastes Feces, urine, lost feed Inputs Monoculture echinoderms production wastes IMTA IMTA s Finfish, algae, bivalves and echinoderms

10 Research Questions Based on the qualitative descriptions of monoculture and IMTA systems, we formulated two questions and determined a scoping framework for each question: Q1) What are the trade-offs for SMEs considering to move from monoculture aquaculture practice towards IMTA? Q2) What are the tradeoffs comparing IMTA products with their conventional monoculture alternatives?

11 Results: Scoping Framework Question Before introduction of IMTA system After IMTA system Q1: SME perspective Finfish monoculture Finfish (+) bivalves (+) echinoderms (+) algae Q2: Product perspective Finfish monoculture Finfish (+) bivalves (+) echinoderms (+) algae Level of integration of IMTA system in Monoculture system Type of Analysis Expected trade-offs monoculture vs. IMTA: Produce Difference analysis Expected to: Low High Low High Full singlespecies Q2 Difference analysis Expected to: Full singlespecies Q2 Difference Analysis Not applicable* Full singlespecies Expected to: Difference Analysis Not applicable* Full singlespecies Expected to: Nutrient discharge Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease impacts of IMTA Infrastructure/operation / Decrease

12 Discussion and Conclusions The questions determine the type of analysis to be applied The type of analysis is independent of the level of integration The magnitude of the trade-offs between the two systems, can depend of the level of integration of productive activities of new species into those of the current monoculture system.

13 For more information about the IDREEM project visit our website: The research leading to these results has been undertaken as part of the IDREEM project (Increasing Industrial Resource Efficiency in European Mariculture, and has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement n