Revised Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) 2017 Kenya Drought Appeal

Transcription

1 Revised Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) 207 Kenya Drought Appeal Emergency Appeal: MDRKE039 Glide n DR KEN Date of issue: February 207 Date of disaster:0 February 207 Operation manager: Andreas Sandin, EAIO Cluster Point of contact: Dr. Abbas Gullet, Secretary General; mobile phone: Operation start date: Expected timeframe: 2 months; end date 23 December 207 Overall operation budget: CHF 9,07,628 Number of people affected: Two (2) million Appeal Coverage: 23% (inclusive of bilateral support) Number of people to be assisted: 340,786 people (68,57 Households) Increase of 226,66 people (9,03 Households) Host National Society presence (n of volunteers, staff, and branches): 3 counties (Marsabit, Garissa, Mandera, Kwale, Turkana, West Pokot, Samburu, Tana River, Kilifi, Wajir, Lamu and Baringo). Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: British Red Cross, Danish Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, German Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross, Monaco Red Cross,IFRC. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: National and County Governments, World Food Programme, UNICEF, Food and Agriculture Organization, MSF, Norwegian Refugee Council, World Vision, Aga Khan Foundation, German Agro Action and Plan International, Safaricom foundation, National Drought Management Authority, Kenya Ports Authority and members of the public in Kwale County. Summary The revised appeal seeks 9,07,628 Swiss francs to enable KRCS support 340,786 beneficiaries in 3 counties. The total number of beneficiaries has increased by 222,66 with additional 8 counties. KRCS has scaled up activities in Health and Nutrition, cash transfer- Direct Cash Transfers, WASH, animal destocking and slaughter programme, procurement and distribution of foodstuffs. The revision of this appeal is informed by the large increase in the number of people who require support, and the expected increase in the number of children with acute malnutrition. Some counties are reporting rates of acute malnutrition to range between 5.0 per cent in Baringo per cent in Mandera based on Mid Upper Arm Circumference [MUAC]. A Nutrition Smart Survey that utilises mixed criteria - MUAC and Weight for Height - is ongoing and the report expected towards the end of February 207. This report will put matters of nutrition in a better perspective. KRCS therefore sees the need to scale up the interventions, especially in the counties in the alarm phase. Please refer to operations update operation update and on operation update 2 on the progress. A. Situation analysis Description of the disaster Due to poor performance of the long rains in March-April-May 206, some pastoral and marginal farming communities in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of the country are experiencing drought, now classified as alert phase ( counties) and Alarm Phase (2 counties). ASALs make up more than 80 per cent of the country s land mass and are home to approximately 36 per cent of the country s population. The ASALs have the lowest development indicators and the highest incidence of poverty in the country.

2 P a g e 2 The Kenya Government declared the ongoing drought affecting 23 arid and semi-arid counties and pockets of other areas a national disaster. Thus, the government is appealing to all stakeholders, local and international partners to come in and support its efforts to contain the situation which, has not only affected human beings and livestock but also wild animals by upscaling drought mitigation programmes. Major drought incidences occur in Kenya about every 0 years, and moderate drought incidences every 3 to 4 years. Historically, these extreme climatic events have caused significant loss of life, increase in morbidities related to inadequate nutrition and lack of access to adequate, clean and safe water, and increased severity of disease that have adversely affected the national economy. Kenya Food Security Steering Group Joint Long Rains assessment report of August 206, (KFSSG LRA) estimated that a total of,254,600 people mainly from pastoral (750,900) and marginal agricultural areas (503,700) in 9 ASAL counties were acutely food insecure, as they were directly affected by these poor rains, as well as other existing and emerging vulnerabilities and required immediate food assistance The forecast by the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) had pointed to a high likelihood of the short rains performing below the expected for the season. The onset of the rains was delayed and the cessation came early. KMD now reports that no county (of the 47 counties in the country) received normal rains. There was an almost complete rain failure. The figures below show the performance of the October-November-December rains. Fig : graphic representation of short rains performance Turkana, Wajir, Mandera, Garissa, Marsabit, Samburu, West Pokot, Tana River, Isiolo in Arid areas; Baringo, Makueni, Kwale, Kitui, Kilifi, Taita Taveta, Mbeere, Meru North, Kieni, Lamu in Semi-Arid areas

3 P a g e 3 The result of the failed rains is evident in pastoral and marginal agricultural zones. The Vegetative Condition Index (VCI) ranges between Severe Vegetation Deficit to Extreme Vegetation Deficit 2 in the counties where the Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS) is proposing to focus its interventions. The pasture has been exhausted in many areas, and since there was inadequate recharge of surface water, the water pans are drying up fast. The animal body condition in most of these areas is poor with report of large scale animal losses especially in parts of Garissa, Tana River and Marsabit counties. Loss of livestock, and deteriorating body condition denies the households creditworthiness, it also results in loss of incomes largely due to poor prices and lack of milk which is a major trading commodity and a major component in household diet. There are also unconfirmed reports of loss of human lives. Tana River, Kilifi and Kwale counties have for a long time served as pasture reserve areas during previous droughts and dry spells, and livestock from neighboring Garissa and distant Wajir counties migrate to these counties. This year, the migration is impossible as these were among the first counties to report severe dry conditions. Food security situation is expected to deteriorate in the coming months, ahead of the long rainy season. There are early warnings that the counties currently at the alarm phase of drought will experience food security crisis between February - May 207, pushing hundreds of thousands of households to the brink of starvation. It is also expected that children, pregnant and lactating women as well as the aged, will be the most affected by the food scarcity and the levels of acute malnutrition will increase rapidly among these population sub groups. The figure below shows the forecast: Fig. 2 Maps showing current and project food security in counties. Source, Kenya Food Security Outlook, October 206 to May 207, FEWSNET A number of counties in the country have reported resource based conflicts, and this situation is expected to escalate as more water sources dry up. Overview of Host National Society In November 206, The National Society and IFRC launched an emergency appeal targeting to assist 4,620 people to deal with the effects of drought across five counties based on the information that was available at the time. Following the failure of the short rains, The Short Rains Assessment (carried out by the government and partners) report shows that this population has doubled to reach 2.7 million people 3 compared to the estimates released in August 206, (after the long rains assessment) by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) of.24 million. This population is projected to increase to about 4 million people by April, if the expected long rain delay. Through this appeal (funded through multi-lateral, bi-lateral and local resourcing efforts to about 44 per cent appeal coverage), KRCS focussed its interventions to 3 areas of support to communities. These includes; Direct Cash Transfers, animal destocking and slaughter programme and procurement and distribution of foodstuffs. The National Society has so far reached a total of 53,832 people through these interventions as shown in the table below: 2 Report on Drought and Food Security Situation in arid and semi-arid counties, The National Drought Management Authority. January Drought Resillience Bulletin, National Disaster Management Authority, January 207

4 P a g e 4 Cash Transfer Livestock Destocking Relief Food Total County No. of Families Total Beneficiarie s No. of Goats No. of Cows No. of beneficiaries (Meat) beneficiaries (livestock) Tana River,000 5, , households (2,20) 6,568 Kilifi 2,300,500 2,500 4,000 Marsabit 900 4,500 4,500 Ijara , HH (2,200) 8,064 Samburu 5,500 5,500 Lamu 5,200 5,200 Total 2,000 5, ,200 53,832 Table. Table showing beneficiaries supported by ongoing KRCS interventions The revision of this appeal is informed by the large increase in the number of people who require support, and the expected increase in the number of children with acute malnutrition. Some counties are reporting rates of acute malnutrition to range between 5.0 per cent in Baringo to 26.3 per cent in Mandera based on Mid Upper Arm Circumference [MUAC]. A Nutrition Smart Survey that utilises mixed criteria - MUAC and Weight for Height - is ongoing and the report expected towards the end of February 207. This report will put matters of nutrition in a better perspective. KRCS therefore sees the need to scale up the interventions, especially in the counties in the alarm phase. Overview of Red Cross Red Crescent Movement in country Participating National Societies (PNSs) hosted by the KRCS include: the American, Austrian, British, Danish, Finnish, German, Japanese and Norwegian Red Cross. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) regional delegation is also hosted in Nairobi, which serves as a hub for operations in eastern and central African countries. Movement Coordination Through this appeal, the British Red Cross, Danish Red Cross and Finnish Red Cross have been supporting KRCS bilaterally, while Canadian Red Cross, German Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross and Monaco Red Cross have supported through the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). British Red Cross has also provided additional resources through the IFRC. The ICRC regional delegation in Nairobi has also provided support. KRCS has kept the Movement partners, individually and through joint briefings, on progress in supporting the affected communities, and further consulted a number of them on the need to revise the appeal. The non-movement local partners who have supported the fundraising effort include, the Safaricom Foundation and the KCB Foundation. In January 207, the government revised the number of people requiring food assistance from.25 Million people (in the KFSSG LRA Report) to 2 million ( Following the release of the KFSSG LRA report (referred above), the government announced that its own support and that of WFP was going to reach a total of 900,000 people. The government expected that KRCS and other partners could cover the needs of the remaining people in need (equivalent to 28%). In the revised appeal, KRCS has proposed to cover the needs of 7% of the 2 million people majority of which are in border counties where few partners will be willing to operate in Overview of non-rcrc actors in country Response actions have been initiated and ongoing in some of the affected counties by the national and county governments. The activities are supported by three ministries; Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Ministry of Devolution and Planning and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. Please refer to the link below. The table below summarizes the actions by these ministries and other actors:

5 Agencies Response activities Coverage areas National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) Hunger Safety Net Programme (HSNP) World Vision in partnership with World Food Programme (WFP) KRCS in partnership with WFP Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) Activated their county drought contingency funds, which are supported by ECHO. Coordinate drought-related activities, as well as produce monthly drought early warning bulletins. Cash transfer for most vulnerable households in 9 counties. Asset creation activities Asset creation activities Livestock vaccination in partnership with Ministry of Livestock Shelter, food security, education, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) German Agro Action Sustainable food and nutrition security Tana River Ministry of Health (MoH) at national and county level, UNICEF, WFP and civil society organizations (CSOs), Non- Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Nutrition interventions targeting acute and chronic malnutrition are ongoing in all counties and include, mass screening, increase in outreaches and treatment sites. Scaling up emergency nutrition interventions targeting over 00,000 undernourished children, pregnant and lactating women Ministry of Agriculture Animal Offtake, Livestock feeds, and provision of seeds Ministry of water Carrying out water trucking activities in 5 counties, provision of collapsible tanks and repair and rehabilitation of boreholes Ministry of devolution Food relief distribution and Cash transfers (HSNP; regular and scale up) Table 2. A table showing interventions implemented by other actors. P a g e 5 Tana River and Garissa counties 23 ASAL counties Marsabit, Turkana, Samburu, Isiolo, Mandera, Garissa, Wajir, Tana River, West Pokot, Baringo, Makueni, Kitui, Embu (Mbeere), Kilifi, Kwale, Taita Taveta, Meru (North) and Nyeri (Kieni) counties. Kilifi Magarini and Malindi sub counties in Kilifi; Makueni, Tana River and Garissa counties Garissa and Tana River Dadaab, Garissa county Garissa and Tana River,800 livestock targeted for offtake, 732 metric tons (MT) of seeds under procurement, procurement of hay and molasses ongoing Repairs done through water services boards. The same boards are supporting water trucking Distributions were done in November and December KRCS is engaging corporate organization s in Kenya, and the general Kenyan public to support this appeal as a local resource mobilization strategy. In line with this, KRCS has initiated several local campaigns including Embrace Family, Skip Meal and Drive Mile in order to meet the needs of Kenyans in these counties. The resources mobilized locally and the resources received as bilateral support with be reported as part of the overall donor response to the appeal. So far the bilateral support is reflected in the table below MOVEMENT SUPPORT -BILATERAL CURRENCY ORIGIN CURRENCY AMOUNT KES British Red Cross (DM Strengthening Support) KES 8,800,000 8,800,000 2 British Red Cross (ECHO Support) EURO 200,000 2,000,000 3 Danish Red Cross DKK,500,000 22,500,000 4 Finish Red Cross Euro 35,000 3,640,000 5 Finish Red Cross Euro 78,477 8,56,608 Total 74,50,608

6 P a g e 6 Needs analysis, beneficiary selection, risk assessment and scenario planning Needs analysis The National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) carries out seasonal field assessments after the rains seasons, to assess the impact of the rains on food security and human nutrition. The NDMA is the lead in assessments (as the government agency dealing with matters of drought) and is supported by government ministries, United Nations Agencies (especially WFP and UNICEF) International and Local Non-Governmental Organisations in the assessments. The assessments involve field data collection through 38 established sentinel site spread across the ASAL areas. The collected data is analyzed and presented to the County Steering Groups(CSGs) in each of the participating counties for validation. The just concluded SRA is indicative of a deteriorating situation, whose effects are mirroring the drought of 20. The report by NDMA classifies 0 counties to be in the alert phase and an additional 3 counties to be at alarm phase of drought. The table below shows the list of these counties: Drought Situation Improving Stable Worsening Alert Embu (Mbeere), Kajiado, Kitui, Laikipia, Makueni, Narok, Nyeri (Kieni), Taita Taveta, Meru (North), Tharaka Nithi. Alarm Garissa, Isiolo, Baringo, Marsabit, Kilifi, Kwale, Tana River, Lamu, Mandera, Wajir, Samburu, Turkana West Pokot. Emergency Recovery Table 3. A table showing classification of counties affected by drought. Source: Government of Kenya; Ministry of Devolution and Planning - National Drought Early Warning Bulletin; January 207 In all the 23 affected counties, pans and dams recharged to far less than their expected recharge based of data and observations from previous years (this includes recharge of large dams that supply water to cities including Nairobi, leading to fears of water rationing, as well as dams that generate Hydro-Electric Power, increasing fears of power rationing as well). As open water sources dry up, the pressure on permanent sources, such as boreholes increases, leading to longer waiting times and the risk of breakdown. There is a decrease in water availability and quality in the livelihood zones due to poor or no-recharge of water bodies. More than 80 per cent of the pans and seasonal rivers are reported to be dry. River levels in Isiolo and West Pokot had already reduced significantly by the end of December 206. Broken water sources continue to be reported, most notably in the drought reserve areas of Isiolo and in the

7 P a g e 7 marginal mixed farming and pastoral zones. 4 The map below shows how the short rains were distributed, thereby affecting vegetation regeneration and surface water recharge. The ongoing drought is already threatening learning amongst pupils with the risk of closure due to lack of water, and the reported pipeline break by WFP which supports School Meals Programme. During the last four weeks, the water availability decreased in all livelihood zones due to decreased rainfall. Spatial coverage was also poor and there was very little recharge of water bodies (water pans) in all livelihood zones. 5 In most of the drought affected counties, distances to water for both people and livestock are still increasing, which is not normal at the end of the rainy season. In Baringo, household distances increased by 70 per cent on the previous month and are now three times longer than average, while in West Pokot they rose by 52 per cent on the previous month and are now more than twice the long-term mean. In Kilifi, household distances rose by 62 per cent to more than five times the seasonal norm. It is important to note that these are averages and that in certain areas the actual distances will be much longer. 4 In Marsabit and Wajir counties, 95 and 80 percent of the water points, respectively, are now dry. Thus, livestock are experiencing significant water and pasture stress and animal body conditions are generally poor, with drought-related deaths being reported in six counties. Milk production dropped to very low levels and it is currently up to percent below average in Mandera and Tana River counties 6. Poor hygiene practices, including consumption of unsafe water, low latrine coverage and poor health seeking behavior have been cited as some of the underlying factors for the high levels of malnutrition in the counties. The rate of malnutrition is above emergency levels in some areas and in other parts have serious acute malnutrition levels. Further analysis indicates low dietary intake and household level food insecurity, coupled with high disease burden and localized outbreaks of cholera (Mandera, Marsabit, Wajir and Tana River) are the reasons for higher rate of malnutrition. Furthermore, in the recent past in 205 and part of 206, cholera outbreaks affected several counties in the country including Marsabit, Wajir, Baringo and Tana River. According to the 206 KFSSG LRA report, most of the affected communities in north eastern parts of the country have very low latrine coverage. Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions (SMART) surveys in June 206, showed that water treatment is equally low, at less than 20 per cent. Hand-washing practices are poor (less than 30 per cent wash their hands at the critical times). KRCS is leading the nutrition response in 6 of the affected counties, with mass screening being done through targeted outreaches and treatment of the malnourished children under 5 yrs. The interventions are also targeting other vulnerable groups, which include pregnant and lactating mothers, people with chronic illnesses, the aged and people living with disabilities. The interventions are being supported financially by UNICEF, UNFPA and CBM. The rate of malnutrition is above emergency levels in some areas and in other parts have serious acute malnutrition levels. Turkana South is Extremely Critical (Phase 5), while Turkana Central and North is Critical (Phase 4), and Serious (Phase 3) in Turkana West, a slight deterioration compared to the same time last year. Analysis from neighbouring areas, East Pokot and West Pokot, has also shown deterioration with the counties classified as Critical (Phase 4) and Serious (Phase 3) respectively. Deterioration has also been noted in Tana River County, currently classified as Serious (Phase 3), Marsabit County classified as Critical (Phase 4) and Mandera, which is also classified as Critical (Phase 4). Further analysis indicates low dietary intake and household level food insecurity, coupled with high disease burden and localized outbreaks of cholera (Mandera, Marsabit, Wajir and Tana River), measles (Moyale and Mandera), chikungunya (Mandera), as the key factors affecting service delivery and overall nutrition situation this season. Currently, the total estimated number of children requiring management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in the ASAL areas is 337,000. Treatment of severe acute malnutrition is ongoing. However, there is need to urgently support MAM cases to prevent further deterioration to severe malnutrition levels. Increased drop-out rates for facility deliveries for expectant mothers due to strained household income that would facilitate transportation leading to increased maternal and new-born deaths. Compromised drug adherence for the individuals on long term treatment due to lack of food, this increases the severity of diseases and for cases such as HIV there is increased risk of transmission as the viral suppression is interfered with. Conflicts over resources and insecurity mostly in pastoral areas continue unabated causing loss of lives and livelihoods in affected areas and exacerbating food insecurity in Baringo, Isiolo, Kitui, Isiolo, Laikipia, Marsabit, Meru, Turkana and West Pokot and Tana River. Human wildlife is affecting food security in Baringo, Laikipia, Samburu, Taita Taveta and West Pokot. There is need to partner with other agencies in supporting communities in the areas of conflict resolutions and promoting peace through community dialogues and monitoring areas of potential conflict Beneficiary selection 4 National drought early warning bulletin, January National Drought Management Authority Drought Bulletin For The Month Of December

8 P a g e 8 KRCS will implement lifesaving interventions in the 3 counties classified to be in the alarm phase. This is further reinforced by the indicative rates of acute malnutrition (based on MUAC assessments), reports of human starvation and increased reports of loss of livestock in these counties. The counties include, Mandera, Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit, Turkana, Wajir and Baringo. The results of the ongoing nutrition survey report will inform focusing of interventions within these counties to put resources in pockets with highest rates of malnutrition in these counties. The counties selected also includes areas with limited humanitarian access, based on a number of parameters including poor roads network, banditry attacks, prevalence of inter-ethnic violence and external aggression by militants from neighbouring countries (which have been in protracted conflicts). Counties in this category include Mandera, Garissa, Wajir, Lamu, West Pokot, Turkana and Tana River. The third criteria are those with Extreme Vegetation Deficit (based on VCI as reported by NDMA) and includes, Kilifi, Kwale, Garissa and Lamu. KRCS will ensure that the target population, affected who will be households with severely or moderate acute malnourished children, households head with elderly, chronically ill persons, children, single female, disabled person without income will be included in the operation. KRCS will enhance collaboration under this drought emergency operation through county and sub-county coordination forums to have clear targeting criteria before roll out. Baseline and targeting assessment will be conducted in the affected counties to select the most affected persons. This will be done through community meetings in collaboration with relief committees, local authority and KRCS. For health, hygiene intervention, the affected community will be selected during the CTP selection and this will be done through community meeting. Households who participate in Cash for Asset and Safety nets will be excluded in the operation The table below shows the counties selected based on the above criteria: Target Beneficiaries and Number of Water Systems to be Rehabilitated County County 206 LRA Report Proposed MUAC Population Beneficiaries Rates % targeted KRCS Target Beneficiaries (WASH, Health, Nutrition # of Water Systems to be Rehabilitated KRCS Target Beneficiaries (Cash, Vouchers, Food) Mandera,025,756 92, % 60% 55,64 5 5,500 Samburu 223,947 79, % 60% 47, ,946 Isiolo 43,294 48, % 60% 29,42 5 9,74 Marsabit 29,66 77, % 60% 46,28 7 5,406 Turkana 855,399 6, % 60% 96, ,240 Wajir 66,94 0, % 60% 6, ,35 Baringo 555,56 8, % 60%,33 4 3,777 Garissa 623,060 83, % 60% 50,364 6 Tana River West Pokot 240,075 53, % 60% 32, ,778 52,690 33, % 60% 9, ,632 Kwale 649,93 73, % 35% 25,753 3 Kilifi,09,735 98, % 35% 34,45 3 9,686 Lamu 0,539 25, % 35% 8,885 2 TOTAL 6,994,094,254, , ,030 Risk Assessment The areas targeted for drought response have been experiencing security challenges ranging from targeted ( terror ) attacks, cattle rustling, inter clan tensions and clashes, resource based conflicts, amongst others. These same areas might also be affected by sporadic violent flare ups prior to the general elections scheduled for August 207. To mitigate against any negative impact that might be caused by any of these insecurity events, KRCS will work closely with the Government of Kenya and other agencies on the ground, and participate in meetings where security and other relevant issues are discussed. Orienting staff and volunteers involved in the operation on safer access and code of conduct will

9 P a g e 9 also help in mitigating security risks, for instance, in Kilifi where members of the community are protesting the local water supply company. there also exists a risk of the upcoming elections (to begin in April with party primaries) might be marred by violence and this is likely to affect areas already affected by drought, further complicating the response activities. KRCS has an election preparedness plan in place, which would be implemented once funded. Some other mitigation measures for insecurity includes monitoring and continuous analysis of events to detect early warnings and indicators to inform preparedness and response plans. Diseases associated with water scarcity and poor sanitation, such as cholera and dysentery, as well as vaccine preventable, may emerge in various parts of the country that are expected to received depressed rains, hence the need to closely watch for early signs. KRCS staff and volunteers will be trained on disease surveillance and case finding so that they are able to detect any of the early signs of the likely epidemics in the course of field outreaches. Dissemination of key messages on health and hygiene are part and parcel of the response package to be delivered to the target population under this appeal. In addition, IFRC staff will receive security clearance from their concerned office before participating in joint monitoring activities with KRCS. Scenario Planning Twenty-three (23) counties are facing serious food security challenges, compounded by lack of pasture and water for livestock. Because of the failure of the short rains, the harvests that are normally expected in February in marginal agricultural zones (with planting happening before the onset of the OND rains), will be scanty, and offering no relief to the current situation. It has already been predicted that 2 of this county will slide into food security crisis between February and May 207. Although the forecast for the long rains has not been made available by KMD, it is expected that the long rains will perform poorly in ASAL areas, as well as in marginal agricultural areas. Pasture conditions will improve, but will be insufficient to allow for early recovery. Recharge of surface water catchment facilities will be sub-optimal, and will not last to the next rainy season, in this case, OND rains. If this scenario plays out, the country will be facing a full-scale drought with possibility of a famine by the month of June 207. Poor performance of the rains will also mean that the planting season will be delayed, and the rains will be insufficient to support good yields in agricultural areas. There is therefore a likelihood that the country will face greater food deficit in strategic reserves towards the end of 207 and the effects of the drought will spill over into 208. The situation is getting compounded by the fact that the food insecurity is affecting the wider region, and the food inflows expected from the neighboring countries including, Uganda, Tanzania and Ethiopia, will not be forthcoming. The political crisis in South Sudan also means that the country is likely to have gross food deficit, further straining the food markets in East Africa. The high food demand and under-supply in these markets is likely to lead to high levels of inflation, thereby eroding the capacity of households to purchase foodstuffs. In the past droughts, Kenya as a country has resorted to grain imports from Tanzania and Uganda, as well as from countries in southern Africa, including Malawi and South Africa. This may prove difficult this year because of droughts experienced in 206, in these source markets (South Africa, Zimbabwe and Malawi). If the long rains perform well and come as early as the first half of March 207, the food security situation will improve with increase in availability of vegetables. The livestock sector would also be among the first to recover due to quick pasture regeneration and recharge of water resources. This would lead to increased milk production and improved animal health. The long-term recovery would however take time due to the loss of livestock that has already happened. B. Operational strategy and plan This revised plan has been informed by the analysis of secondary data sources for the ongoing drought situation as well as the analysis of existing activities in the appeal launched in November 206 until now. Early warning information, drought assessment reports, preparedness and response plans comprising of the August 206 national KFSSG LRA report, FEWSNET December 206 food security outlook for Kenya 7, NDMA early warning bulletins including the latest one 8, nutrition sector situation update and response plan September 206, FAO La Nina Early Warning Early actions analysis for a potential La Nina in report, county contingency plans, a document on Alarming food insecurity in East Africa 9, Kenya Red Cross contingency plan and Kenya Red Cross cash feasibility report have been desk reviewed and tabulated as below (refer to table in Annex 2)

10 P a g e 0 The population per county and by intervention is shown in the summary table below. Intervention Area Number of Households Total Beneficiaries Direct Cash Transfer 7,500 87,500 Food Voucher 7,500 37,500 Food Distribution 5,000 25,000 Animal Offtake 7,000 85,000 Sub Total Food 235,000 Health and Nutrition 68,57 340,786 WASH 68,57 340,786 Table 4b: A summary table showing beneficiaries by intervention type Overall objective The overall objective of this revised appeal is to meet the immediate needs of 340,786 drought-affected persons in 3 priority counties by improving their health, access to water, hygiene and sanitation, nutrition and food security. This is an increase from the 4,620 people in five counties targeted in the previous appeal. Proposed strategy KRCS will implement response actions guided by the national sector specific action plans and continue to inform its plans based on information availed from forecasts by the KMD, KFSSG Long and Short Rains Impact Assessments, the NDMA Bulletins, nutrition sector SMART Survey reports and subsequent action plans and the health sector action plan. KRCS will: Continue to coordinate with the two levels of government and non-state actors and through this, update the Movement partners on the progress being made in curbing the effects of drought. Participate in nutrition SMART survey, as well as Short Rains Impact Assessment. Monitoring drought situation through joint rapid assessments, using KIRA methodology in areas showing rapid progression towards alarm stages and IPC Phase 3 of the drought emergency. Health and Nutrition Sector; Carry out integrated nutrition outreaches to support scaling up of screening and admission of children with acute malnutrition into programme for integrated management in line with national guidelines. The outreaches will be jointly planned and implemented with participation of county departments for health and will focus on identification and enrolment of children with Severe and moderate acute malnutrition as well as pregnant and lactating women into treatment programmes. Referral of children with acute malnutrition requiring admission in stabilisation centres. Carry out accelerated vaccinations during integrated outreaches to boost coverage for routine Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) initiative. Under-nutrition suppresses immune response and increases the risk of transmission of diseases such as measles and rubella in situation of low transmission. Carry out community level disease surveillance using clinical data from outreaches, and community level activities carried out by community health workers. Roll out the Minimum Initial Service package (MISP) as part of reproductive health component of the health in emergencies package. Coordinate meetings with stakeholders at national and county levels to review response actions and advocate for more support to health and nutrition. Increased access to essential health and nutrition services through minimum package for integrated medical outreaches in mapped hotspots in affected counties. Disseminate key health and nutrition messages in emergencies including, maternal infant and young child nutrition. Conduct counselling of caregivers on the best infant and young child feeding practises.

11 P a g e Capacity building of health staff and community workers for early detection and treatment of SAM. Water Sanitation and Hygiene Undertake targeted water and environmental sanitation activities, including; Rehabilitation/equipping of key strategic water supply schemes in acute drought-hit areas and training of the water management representatives. Servicing and prepositioning of KRCS Emergency WASH Response Units. Procurement and distribution of point of use water treatment chemicals for household water treatment Procurement and distribution of fast moving spare part kits for targeted counties. Procurement and distribution of water storage containers (Jerry cans, Unplasticised Poly-Vinyl Chloride (UPVC) water tanks, bladder tanks, etc.) to support water storage in hard hit areas. Training of selected Community Health Workers (CHWs) and KRCS volunteers on hygiene promotion using the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation for Emergency Response (PHASTER) methodology. Conduct routine thematic hygiene promotion campaigns targeting institutions and communal areas in the target areas. Train teachers and pupils on the School Hygiene Education Promotion Program (SHEPP) methodology for hygiene promotion in schools. Production and procurement of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials to support behavior change communication (PHASTER Toolkits). Support monthly stakeholders sensitization and advocacy meetings. Monitor treatment and storage of water through household visits. Livelihoods and Food security The livelihood strategy will apply three pronged approach to supporting communities;. Direct Cash transfers will improve the purchasing power amongst food insecure households to increase access to food (increase meal frequency). 2. Conditional food vouchers will be provided where cash delivery mechanisms are not well pronounced and where the likelihood of misuse of cash is significant. 3. Livestock offtake in areas where animal deaths are being reported. The strategy will involve purchase of animals with deteriorating body conditions, ante mortem inspection, slaughter and distribution of meat to villages where offtake is being implemented. Direct Cash Transfer Different delivery mechanisms will be used in different places. In communities where there is good access to and good usage of mobile phones, the cash delivery mechanism will be the KRCS Safaricom M-PESA platform used on their mobile phones. In counties where alternate transfer system exists, such as Hawala, KRCS will engage such local remittance companies as a delivery mechanism. This system is popular in Garissa, Mandera, Wajir, and to some extent, Isiolo counties. There are fewer bank agents, and hence, mobile money may not be feasible, as majority of the drought affected community members do not have mobile phones. The only option is use of value vouchers to be redeemed in local shops, which KRCS will contract to provide required items to target households equivalent to the voucher value The value of cash transfer to every household is calculated based on percentage of average food basket cost which closely matches transfer value provided by other programmes in the country by other partners such as Hunger Safety Net Programme (HSNP), government of Kenya s Orphans and Vulnerable Children ([OVC] and Elderly Cash Transfers), WFP (Cash for Assets). KRCS has held a number of consultative meetings with HSNP Team at their headquarters regarding beneficiary selection in Counties where HSNP is carrying out cash transfers and it has been agreed that KRCS will make use of their targeting data (from online database) to ensure that there is no double targeting. This is an additional criterion besides the selection and validation that involves county coordination structures (County Steering Group) and village committees. This will target households that are currently not included in Hunger Safety Net Programmes. The table below shows the beneficiaries targeted per county: County 206 LRA Proposed Government Cash Transfers Total Govt WFP FFA Beneficiary Numbers Total (GOK and Gaps at sub

12 P a g e 2 Beneficiary Numbers Cash Transfer WFP Coverage) county level HSNP CT OVC OPCT PWSD CT Turkana 6,200 46,440 24,040 7,370 0,350 98,200 73,000 27,200 2,200 HH Marsabit 77,030 96,60 4,735 4, ,475 24,400 30,875 Samburu 79,730-6,570 5, ,80 20,000 32,80 Isiolo 48,570-3,500 2, ,440 40,000 46,440 Mandera 92,690 99,270 3,790 7,05 3,50 23,675 4,550 65,225 Wajir 0,755 85,560 8,280 5,030,365 00,235 28,000 28,235 Garissa 83,940-5,835 4, ,365 70,520 8,885 Tana River 53,890-3,255 4, ,640 45,900 53,540,300HH (46,920) (2,790) (8,00) (24,0) (27,680) (,025) Baringo 8,885-8,30 7, ,50 27,000 43,50 (860) Kilifi 98,430 -,490 8,95,5 3,520 73,0 04,630 (28,965) TOTAL 86,20 427,430 89,625 77,455 20,000 64,50 443,480,057,990-50,360 Table 5: A table showing the beneficiary gaps in most affected counties. 00,000 (about 20,000) people will be targeted with direct cash transfer, while an additional 50,000 (about 0,000 households) will be targeted through conditional food vouchers. KRCS is already providing cash transfer to,300 households in Marsabit. The cash transfer value of Ksh 3,000 for an average household of six persons monthly was calculated as below based on the local market prices.. Commodity gr/day % of daily needs Household size Family ration per month (Kg) Price of food basket in Kenya (kg) KES Total KES Maize 20 50% ,205 Beans 30 50% Vegetable oil 5 50% Salt % Total: 3,3 Transaction charges 08 Transport (2 way) 50 Table 6. A table showing breakdown of cash transfer value computation Total Cash Transfer Value in KES 3,37 NB: It is expected that this transfers will supplement support by government and non-state actors Child protection; Training of social workers on child protection in emergencies (CPiE). Operational support services

13 P a g e 3 Human resources A total of 88 staff and about 4,000 volunteers will be engaged for a period of up to 9 months to undertake various activities for the success of this operation. The rationale for the increase of staff is due to slight change of strategy in the revised appeal in health and nutrition where now KRCS is carrying out mobile clinics in 0 counties. The team involved consists of nutritionist, clinical officer and Nurse. They carry out targeted intervention which includes screening, treatment of acute malnutrition at community level. Position Title Staff Operations manager (60%) Clinical Officers (0) Nursing Officers (0) Nutritionists (30) Public Health Officers (0) Medical Officers (0) Emergency Health Manager () Regional Nutritionists (2) WASH Manager () WASH Officers (0) Cash Transfer Programme Manager Cash Transfer Officers (3) Cash Transfer NDRT (7) Finance Manager () County Coordinators (5) County Managers (4) MEAL 3officer () EOC Officer () Reporting Officers Volunteers Emergency Operations centre Nutrition screening and referrals Hygiene promotion Cash Transfer Programming Assessment Counsellors MoH HR planning table Sector Area Time (months) Specific roles, responsibilities, tasks Overall in 9 In charge of the drought operation, supervision charge and reporting. 3 3 Health and Nutrition WASH 6 6 CTP Coordination 6 MEAL Reporting Table 7: A table showing response activities by state and non-state actors Logistics and supply chain Management of illnesses including children Vaccination, Ante Natal Care, gen. nursing, including midwifery Screening and enrolment of children into CMAM Hygiene Promotion, community surveillance Treatment of children with malnutrition and medical complications Overall coordination and technical guidance Overall coordination of nutrition sector programmes Overall coordination, & representation in WESCORD at national level Supervision of Water supply works Overall planning and coordination of cash disbursement Supervise targeting, beneficiary registration and verification Overall funds management and accountability County level coordination with stakeholders, Overall supervision of teams working in each county Management of partnerships in the field, and coordination with partners MEAL activities Situation monitoring Region level reporting 2 Monitor and report on drought situation as it evolves to county coordinators Conduct active case finding for malnutrition in children under 5, pregnant and lactating women Conduct health and hygiene promotion activities in target communities Provide psychosocial support to families affected with any protection issues Work with MoH officers/nurses/nutritionists during screening, health, hygiene and nutrition education KRCS will procure emergency supplies that will be used in health and nutrition outreaches. The supplies will be procured locally, and the process will be done centrally. A number of regional hubs will be operationalized to support operations in counties. The procurement will also involve supplies requires for rehabilitation of boreholes and other community

14 P a g e 4 water sources, as well as fast moving spare parts. After procurement, the supplies will be transported to the regional hubs, where temporary storage will occur, and release will be done based on demand. KRCS logistic will avail light vehicles to support field operations especially movement of staff during registration of beneficiaries for cash transfer, identification and vetting of food voucher vendors as well as transportation of staff involved in borehole repairs and nutrition outreaches. Transportation of supplies will be supported by KRCS fleet of trucks. All purchases above 50,000 CHF will be reviewed and approved by IFRC logistics unit. Information technologies (IT) Officers in IT play a crucial role in ensuring computers and all workstations are functional during the operation. If a decision is reached to use TERA and KOBO systems in this operation, IT officers and volunteers based at the KRCS Headquarters and some in the branch levels will fully be engaged. KRCS will also work closely with Safaricom engineers to ensure cash transfer on the M-PESA platform is possible. KRCS might deploy the instant network infrastructure in partnership with Safaricom to areas with limited mobile network, but where mobile penetration is good. Communications The steady flow of timely, accurate and proactive communication and outreach to the media, general public, donor community, corporates, the government and key stakeholders will support the objectives of this emergency appeal, increase the awareness and profile, funding and other support for the KRCS and the IFRC. In close collaboration with the operation, those affected by this emergency will receive with information to support their relief and recovery. KRCS, working closely with the IFRC, will proactively highlight the needs of the drought-affected people and the Red Cross response through proactive media outreach in Kenya and with international media (print, online and broadcast), share and promote creative and compelling content through all relevant KRCS and IFRC digital and online media channels, news bulletins, as well as the KRCS Reach Out magazine. PNSs will receive communication materials, which they can use to promote this operation through the IFRC Newswire, Newsroom and Cumulus library, as well as FedNet. The magnitude of the situation demands for a multi-media and communication approach with effective messaging and packaging, to be disseminated through multiple communication channels. This will be done through the following planned activities; Produce regular information bulletins, key messages, etc. and share with relevant stakeholders, including beneficiaries and partners supporting the operation. News releases and factsheets are developed and made available to the media and key stakeholders. Procurement of video camera and accessories for documentation of the drought response effort photography and videography. Issuing of media advisories, press releases, OpEds and organising press conferences and briefings. Organising media tours to areas affected by the drought, as well as engaging in-studio radio and TV interviews and location interviews. Production of IEC materials: Banners (landscape, roll up, backdrop) and folders. Maintain a social media presence throughout the operation, utilizing KRCS sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Flickr, blogs, among others. Posting articles and stories on the KRCS and IFRC websites. Conduct media monitoring to gauge impact of the drought and media pulse. Build communications capacity of the KRCS communication team, including Red Cross Action Team (RCAT) members through communication training and appropriate equipment if needed. Recruitment of a Communication Assistant to support the drought operation. In addition to the above, a communication strategy will be developed that is specific and aligned to the overall drought appeal. The communication will benefit the affected communities in dire need of help by creating awareness on their plight, as well as provide a platform on which to advocate the interests of vulnerable populations. Beneficiary communication, complaints and feedback will be carried out through; Complaint and feedback log forms. Monthly community county review meetings. Trilogy Emergency Relief Application (TERA). Any other mechanism as preferred by the community in target counties, as per KRCS Accountability to Community framework/guideline for beneficiary satisfaction. Security

15 P a g e 5 The areas targeted for drought response have been experiencing security challenges ranging from terror attacks, cattle rustling inter clan tensions and clashes, resource based conflicts amongst others. These same areas might also be affected by sporadic violent flare ups prior to the general elections in August 207. To avert these risks, KRCS will ensure engagement of local staff and volunteers as applicable, and continue with security surveillance and using opportunities provided by existing public goodwill and its acceptability approach to ensure successful implementation of the proposed activities. The headquarter-based security manager will continue to offer security briefings through mail and visits throughout the operations. The team leaders in the respective operation areas will continue to liaise with local authority officials and community leaders to ensure safety of the target population throughout operations implementation. Planning, monitoring, evaluation, and reporting (PMER) The KRCS Headquarters (through an M&E and operations team) will support the implementing teams to ensure effective, timely and efficient delivery of operation. The monitoring process will focus on among others, adherence to minimum standards in humanitarian service delivery, compliance to humanitarian principles guiding the Movement s humanitarian operations, timeliness in delivery of supplies and services to beneficiaries, management of supplies during storage, accuracy, completeness and timeliness of reporting among others. Field monitoring, such as PDM and technical support visits will be conducted where necessary. The KRCS will work closely with the IFRC EAIOI Country Cluster Support to strengthen the implementation of the operation. Joint monitoring visits (IFRC and KRCS) will be conducted subject to security clearance by the security unit at KRCS and IFRC, and have been budgeted. The EPOA plus the budget will be revised based on the results of the monitoring report. An inception meeting involving all concerned stakeholders including KRCS and IFRC staff will be undertaken for a common understanding on the objectives of the operation. As noted, at the end of the operation, an evaluation will be organized to review the operation and draw up the key lessons learned. Administration and Finance The KRCS has an administrative and financial department, which will ensure the proper use of financial resources in accordance with conditions to be discussed in the Memorandum of Understanding between the National Society and the IFRC. The management of financial resources will be according to the procedures of the KRCS and guidelines specific to this operation.

16 C. DETAILED OPERATIONAL PLAN Needs analysis: Health effects related to drought include death, illness (related to hygiene and sanitation and complications arising from SAM), nutrition related effects (malnutrition, micro nutrient deficiency etc.); water related disease including cholera and dysentery; vaccine preventable disease outbreaks such as measles due to lowered immunity caused by nutrients deficiency among others. Further, loss of livelihoods due to drought may cause increased financial barriers to access health services, which may lead to reduced or delayed access to treatment and care, increasing risks of complications and case fatality rates. Malnutrition may also increase risks or maternal health complications yet mortality rates are unacceptably high in the affected counties. Pastoralists are already moving massively with their livestock due to un-sustaining livelihoods. Resettlement may expose the people to new infections, which may result into disease outbreaks and increased mortality rates. Migration may lead to congestion, spread of infectious diseases due to poor sanitation, hygiene, unsafe water supply and sexual abuse and gender based violence. Population to be assisted: in the revised EPoA the total number has increased from 67,772 in 5 counties to 340,786 people in 3 selected counties. The population will be reached through outreach services, targeting primary groups that are vulnerable to effects of acute malnutrition. These are a general population that will be mobilized and health messages delivered to them based in their most preferred channels. Outcome : Reduced risks of drought related disease outbreaks and other negative consequences in key health outcomes Output. Basic essential health care provided to the target population Activities planned Month Sensitize community health workers on epidemic preparedness and community level surveillance..2 Conduct nutrition outreaches Output.2: Minimum initial package for reproductive health services to target population is provided Activities planned Month Facilitate referrals for emergency obstetric care.2.2 Distribute reproductive health kits.2.3 Procure reproductive health kits.2.4 Conduct community awareness sessions on Gender Based Violence (GBV) prevention, response and reporting mechanisms.2.5 Map, establish and support GBV referral pathway.2.6 Conduct debrief sessions with health teams Output.3: Psychosocial support provided to the target population Activities planned Month Engage counsellors for psychosocial support.3.2 Organize for safe spaces for children and other groups for counselling.3.3 Train social workers on child protection in emergencies to provide psychosocial support to children and their families Output.4 Epidemic prevention measures is carried out Activities planned Month

17 .4. Intensify community based surveillance for possible outbreaks.4.2 Procure essential supplies for outreaches and epidemic preparedness supplies.4.3 Organize for temporary storage of medical supplies and equipment Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion Needs analysis: In most of the drought affected counties, distances to water for both people and livestock are still increasing, which is not normal at the end of the rainy season. As open water sources dry up, the pressure on permanent sources such as boreholes increases, leading to longer waiting times and the risk of breakdown. There is a decrease in water availability and quality in the livelihood zones due to poor or no-recharge of water bodies. More than 80 per cent of the pans and seasonal rivers are reported to be dry. Population to be assisted: A total of 340,786 people will be targeted for WASH interventions in the target counties. Priority will be given to rehabilitation of communal water points, and promotion of hygiene towards prevention of disease outbreaks Outcome : Immediate reduction in risk of waterborne and water related diseases in the targeted communities Output.: Hygiene promotion activities which meet SPHERE standards in terms of the identification and use of hygiene items provided to target population Activities planned Week / Month Train hygiene promoters on hygiene promotion as Trainer of Trainees for participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation emergency response (PHASTER) methodologies..2 Production and procurement of IEC materials to support behaviour change communication (PHASTER toolkits)..3 Recruitment of WASH officers Output.2: Hygiene related goods (NFIs) which meet SPHERE standards are provided to the target population Activities planned Week / Month Procurement of Point of Use water treatment chemicals for household water treatment.2.2 Train and Sensitise communities on the use of water treatment chemicals and monitor their utilisation.2.2 Procure storage containers; UPVC water tanks, bladder tanks to support water storage in hard hit areas.2.3 Distribute storage containers; UPVC water tanks, bladder tanks to support water storage in hard hit areas.2.4 Monitor treatment and storage of water through household surveys and water quality tests. Outcome 2: Sustainable reduction in risk of waterborne and water related diseases in target communities

18 Output 2.: Community managed water sources giving access to safe water is provided to target population Activities planned Week / Month Procure and distribute fast moving spare part kits for target water systems 2..2 Rehabilitate/equipping of key water supply schemes in strategic acute drought hit areas and training of the water management representatives 2..3 Repair and deploy KRCS emergency response units Output 2.2: Hygiene promotion activities are provided to the entire affected population Activities planned Week / Month Conduct thematic hygiene promotion campaigns targeting; institutions, communal areas in the target areas Train teachers on the SHEPP (School Hygiene Education Promotion Program) methodology for hygiene promotion in schools Cascade SHEPP through formed school hygiene clubs Food security, nutrition and livelihoods Needs analysis: Many households in pastoral communities in north eastern parts of the country mostly Garissa are experiencing food gaps due to depleted incomes and are at acute food security state. This is due to atypically poor livestock productivity. These areas experienced substantial rainfall deficits of 25 to 50 per cent of normal rains. It is reported that over 80 per cent of cattle, sheep, goats and 90 per cent of camels have moved far from their homesteads to dry season grazing lands. This mass outmigration has decreased milk availability and consumption from 2-3l per household to 0.5-l. The rates of Acute Malnutrition is at critical and emergency levels in more than five counties based on MUAC among under five years old. This is attributed to lack of food, poor diet including lack of diversity, poor WASH practises and high disease burden in these areas. Population to be assisted: A total 30,000 food insecure households need to be supported to increase household dietary diversity through cash transfer programming including, food vouchers in areas with functional markets in counties such as Samburu, Isiolo, Garissa, Tana River, Baringo, Marsabit, Kilifi among other counties. Nutrition interventions will also be scaled up as per the county nutrition contingency and response plans. Outcome : Improved food needs of the drought affected populations are met Output. Cash transfers are provided to households to purchase food Activities planned Month Send an alert for KRCS national disaster response team members..2 Deploy qualified NDRT for a one and half month CT operation..3 Identify and contract payment service provider..4 Print and distribute vouchers 2

19 ..5 Identify and train suitable vendors..6 Target and register beneficiaries..7 Develop beneficiary communication plan and roll out..8 Develop and implement appropriate complaints and feedback mechanisms..9 Disburse cash using appropriate cash transfer delivery mechanism..0 Conduct post distribution monitoring.. Conduct after action review exercise and document the CTP process using appropriate tools as provided in cash in emergencies toolkit (CiE) Outcome 2: Reduced food insecurity among the affected households Output 2. Livelihoods are protected and negative coping mechanisms reduced among affected pastoral communities/households Activities planned Month Conduct inception meetings with local stakeholders including county steering group and community 2..2 Identify payment mechanism 2..3 Mobilize, target and register beneficiaries through selected community committee 2..4 Purchase livestock, slaughter, inspect and distribute meat 2..5 Conduct after action review with all stakeholders Quality programming / Areas common to all sectors Outcome : Continuous and detailed assessment and analysis is used to inform the design and implementation of the operation 2 Output. Initial needs assessment are conducted Activities planned Month Inception Meeting with key stakeholders..2 Participate in joint assessments..3 Undertake joint rapid assessments where need be Outcome 2: Continuous and detailed assessment and analysis is used to inform the design and implementation of the operation 2

20 Output 2. Management of the operation is informed by a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system. Activities planned Month Develop a monitoring and evaluation plan for this operation 2..2 Conduct an after-action review during and after the operation 2..3 conduct monthly internal coordination meetings with other involved departments such as health, nutrition, water and sanitation and food security etc Conduct an external evaluation for the drought response 2..5 Review beneficiary communication, complaints and feedback reports 2 Budget Please refer to the attached budget.

21 Contact Information For further information specifically related to this operation please contact: Kenya Red Cross Dr. Abbas Gullet, Secretary General; mobile phone: ; IFRC EAIOI Country Cluster Getachew Taa, Head of EAIOI Country Cluster Support Team, Nairobi; mobile phone: ; getachew.taa@ifrc.org In IFRC Geneva Christine South, Senior Quality Assurance Operations Officer, office phone: ; christine.south@ifrc.org IFRC Africa Regional Office Farid Abdulkadir, Head of Disaster and Crisis Prevention, Response and Recovery Unit, Nairobi; mobile phone ; farid.aiywar@ifrc.org For Resource Mobilization and Pledges in the Africa Regional Office: Fidelis Kangethe, Partnership and Resource Development Coordinator, Nairobi, mobile phone: ; fidelis.kangethe@ifrc.org For In-Kind donations and Mobilization table: IFRC Regional Logistics: Rishi Ramrakha; mobile phone: ; fax: ; rishi.ramrakha@ifrc.org For Performance and Accountability (planning, monitoring, evaluation and reporting) Beatrice Okeyo, Acting PMER Coordinator; beatrice.okeyo@ifrc.org; mobile phone: +254 ( ) How we work All IFRC assistance seeks to adhere to the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO s) in Disaster Relief and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response (Sphere) in delivering assistance to the most vulnerable. The IFRC s vision is to inspire, encourage, facilitate and promote at all times all forms of humanitarian activities by National Societies, with a view to preventing and alleviating human suffering, and thereby contributing to the maintenance and promotion of human dignity and peace in the world.