An Empirical Comparison of the HIES and an Observed Weighed Food Record Conducted in Bangladesh

Transcription

1 An Empirical Comparison of the HIES and an Observed Weighed Food Record Conducted in Bangladesh Keith Lividini MAD Workshop April 14 th, 11 HarvestPlus c/o IFPRI 33 K Street, NW Washington, DC 6-12 USA Tel: Fax: HarvestPlus@cgiar.org

2 Purpose To compare the HIES (Bangladesh 5) with a 12-hr weighed food record with direct observation (OWFR) and subsequent 12-hr recall Assess some of its strengths and weaknesses Evaluate its potential for addressing the key needs of a food fortification program Recommend areas for its improvement

3 Introduction- Survey Outline HIES 5 OWFR 8 Organizations -Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics -HarvestPlus -PICN, UC DAVIS -ICDDR, B Level of Representation -National -2 Rural agricultural subdistricts -high prevalence of poverty, food insecurity and stunting Primary Purpose -Monitor economic trends -Quantify rice and zinc intakes Target Population -Households including all major -Children ages months age/gender groups and female caregivers Relevant Data Collection -14 days diary re: household -Dietary intakes by direct consumption of major foods and observation and weighing using sources of acquisition 12-hr food records; recall for subsequent 12 hr -1 respondent per household -2 non-consecutive days of collection with 1 weekend day

4 Food Eaten vs. Food acquisition OWFR measures food eaten Consumption in HIES refers to foods ACQUIRED and NOT food eaten Data are collected on all foods ACQUIRED by the household Purchases Own production (i.e. farms and gardens) Foods received as wage in-kind Foods received as gifts Strengths and Weaknesses/Biases OWFR HIES Strengths Very precise Less invasive Most accurate Nationally/regionally representative Specific for individuals Longer recall period Less costly Weakness/Biases Costly Less precise Invasive Acquisition vs. Food Eaten Alter behaviors Recall bias Limited number of days 1 respondent Households vs. individuals

5 Sample Sizes Description of samples sizes and levels of analysis Pirgachha Trishal Unit Country Samples HIES OWFR Division Region Zila Upazila Household 28,644,938 1,8 24 Persons 138,817,749 48, Source:

6 Sample Observations Unit Name HIES OWFR HHolds Persons Hholds Persons Total C W Total C W Division Dhaka 2,94 13, , Region Mymensingh 3 1, District (zila) Mymensingh 3 1, Subdistrict (upazila) Trishal Division Rajshahi 2,5 11, , Region Rangpur 76 3, District (zila) Rangpur Subdistrict (upazila) Pirgaccha C = Children ages 2-4 years; W = Women ages 15-5 years

7 Percentage of Households Coverage of Food Vehicles- Households HIES: Dhaka and Rajshahi OWFR: Trishal and Pirgachha Oil Wheat Flour Sugar The surveys are equivalent with respect to ranking of vehicle coverage The surveys are equivalent with respect to oil coverage but vary for wheat and sugar

8 Percentage of Households Coverage by Division and Upazila- Households Dhaka / Trishal Rajshahi / Pirgachha HIES: Dhaka OWFR: Trishal HIES: Rajshahi OWFR: Pirgachha Oil Wheat Flour Sugar Oil Wheat Flour Sugar Ranking of vehicle coverage is equivalent and maintained over subdistricts Equivalent with respect to oil coverage but vary by subdistrict for wheat and sugar

9 Percentage of Individuals Coverage Among Individuals in OWFR Women Children Oil Wheat Flour Sugar Oil coverage is consistent between women and children Wheat flour and sugar coverage vary greatly within HH- implication for use of ACEs Children can be targeted through fortification of wheat flour

10 Quantifying Individual Food Intake Households -> Individuals using ACEs ACE = Adult Consumption Equivalent Human Energy Requirements and Adult Equivalents Step 1: Sum HH food quantity by food Step 2: Compute Individual ACEs and sum by HH Step 3: Divide HH qty by HH ACEs = food (g) / ACE Step 4: Multiply food(g) / ACE x ACE ind = Ind. qty of food item (g)/day Considerations Children under 2 Breastfeeding, pregnant and lactating Age (years) Energy (kcal/day) Males Adult Equiv. Energy (kcal/day) Females Adult Equiv. < 1 * Source: ECSA-M&E- Document 2; based on Human Energy Requirements (FAO, 1)

11 Quantity of Oil (g) Oil: Trishal Women Dhaka / Trishal Mymensingh / Trishal HIES: Dhaka HIES: Rural Dhaka OWFR: Trishal HIES: Mymensingh HIES: Rural Mymensingh OWFR: Trishal Oil: Surveys become more equivalent with the specificity of the comparison

12 Quantity of Oil (g) Oil: Pirgachha Women Rajshahi / Pirgachha Rangpur / Pirgachha HIES: Rajshahi HIES: Rural Rajshahi OWFR: Pirgachha HIES: Rangpur Region HIES: Rural Rangpur Region OWFR: Pirgachha Oil: Surveys become more equivalent with the specificity of the comparison

13 Quantity of Oil (g) Quantity of Oil (g) Oil: Trishal Children Dhaka / Trishal Mymensingh / Trishal HIES: Dhaka HIES: Rural Dhaka OWFR: Trishal HIES: Mymensingh HIES: Rural Mymensingh OWFR: Trishal Oil: Surveys become more equivalent with the specificity of the comparison

14 Quantity of Oil (g) Quantity of Oil (g) Oil: Pirgachha Children Rajshahi / Pirgachha Rangpur / Pirgachha HIES: Rajshahi HIES: Rural Rajshahi OWFR: Pirgachha HIES: Rangpur Region HIES: Rural Rangpur Region OWFR: Pirgachha Oil: Surveys become more equivalent with the specificity of the comparison

15 Quantity of Sugar (g) Sugar: Trishal and Pirgachha Women Dhaka / Trishal Rajshahi / Pirgachha HIES: Dhaka HIES: Rural Dhaka OWFR: Trishal HIES: Rajshahi HIES: Rural Rajshahi OWFR: Pirgachha Sugar: HIES under-reports sugar consumption among women Results consistent across specificity of comparisons Results consistent among children (not shown)

16 Conclusions The survey findings are equivalent with respect to: Ranking of vehicle coverage Oil coverage Estimate of food intake for oil for both women and children Survey findings vary with respect to: Wheat flour and sugar coverage Estimate of food intake for sugar: HIES under-estimates intake HIES does not provide information about the intra-household distribution of foods and under-estimates coverage of women for wheat flour and sugar in these subdistricts (implication for the use of the ACE)

17 Conclusions Differences in the surveys consumption estimates may be due to: Sampling methodologies Differences in intra-hh distribution of foods (ACE) Differences between acquisition and actual consumption (Can we identify this better in the HIES?) Next steps: Compare surveys based on specific characteristics of households Examine intakes of larger food list to better assess the variation in food intake

18 Acknowledgements Jack Fiedler Odilia Bermudez Omar Dary Zo Rambeloson Joanne Arsenault Christine Hotz Kenneth H. Brown Tahmeed Ahmed Bakhtiar Hossain M. Munirul Islam HarvestPlus A2Z/USAID Program in International Community Nutrition (PICN), UC Davis International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)