Response of Ocimum Germplasms to foliar application of Plant Growth promoters

Transcription

1 Vol.2 No. 2, (2013) Received : April.2013; Accepted Oct Abstract Response of Ocimum Germplasms to foliar application of Plant Growth promoters K. C. Meena, A. S. Gontia, A. Upadhayay and S. Rao Department of Plant Physiology College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, (India) Nine Ocimum Germplasms, viz., IC369247, EC38737, IC33776, IC391924, Ocimum basillicum, Ocimum local, Ocimum cannum, Ocimum basillicul local and Ocimum sanctum local were screened for their physiological traits contributing to the yield and herbage production using Salicylic acid and Ascorbic acid applied as foliar spray during the kharif season of Germplasm- IC has exhibited the maximum plant height (68378 cm), number of leaves plant -1 ( ), number of branches plant -1 (12.07), leaf area index (0.129), leaf area duration (13.93 cm 2 /day), net assimilation rate (0.060 g/cm 2 /day), crop growth rate (0.161 g /cm 2 /day), relative growth rate ( g/g/day), photosynthetic active radiation absorption ( µmole/m 2 /s), net photosynthesis (24.18 µmole/m 2 /s), transpiration rate (4.12 µmole/m 2 /s), stomatal conductance ( µmole/m 2 /s), herbage (86.67 q/h) and seed yield q/ha) on foliar spray of salicylic acid. However ascorbic acid has responded at par to leaf area index (0.123) and relative growth rate (0.305 g/g/day). Key words: Salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, ocimum genotypes. Introduction The production of medicinal and aromatics plants for profit on commercial bases involves a number of factors. The value of such crops depends on their active principle content which makes it different from the principle of production of agricultural crops [2, 3]. It is also a fact that the same plant grown in different localities often differ in their active principle contents and this is due to several, factors viz., soil, rainfall, altitude, method of cultivation, time of collection, storage etc. And these are to be given full consideration before one goes in for production of these crops on commercial scale. Ocimum is an important medicinal crop of this region and physiological parameters contributing to yield and constraints of productivity are required to 25 be determined. Besides, there is an urgent need to screen the Ocimum genotypes having physiological superiority for traits contributing to herbage, oil and seed productivity. Material and Methods A field experiment was conducted at the Research Area of Department of Crop and Herbal Physiology JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during the kharif season of The treatment combinations comprising of 2 growth promoters VIZ. Salicylic acid, ascorbic acid as main plots and nine ocimum germplasm, VIZ. (G1) IC369247, (G2) EC38737, (G3) IC338776, (G4) IC , (G5) Ocimum basillicum, (6) Ocimum local, (G7) Ocimum cannum, (G8) Ocimum basillicum local, (G9) Ocimum sanctum local as sub plots

2 treatments, replicated 3 times in split plot desigh. Growth promoters salicylic acid (SA) 14mg/lt of water) & ascorbic acid (ASc) (200 mg/lit of water) were applied as foliar spray at 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT.) Five plants were randomly selected from each treatment for determining various growth parameters. Leaf area was calculated by lazar area meter (LI-300), whereas photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were projected by Infra red gas analyser (IRGA) (Licor 6400). Growth analytical parameters VIZ; leaf area index (LAI, leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAE), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were quantified as per earlier specification [9]. Results and Discussion Growth promoters and Growth analytical parameters Data given in Table 1 and 2 revealed that salicylic acid, growth promoter was found to be the superior over Ascorbic Acid. It has enhanced the plant height (66.39 cm), number of leaves ( ) per plant [5]. The Branches (11.81) and leaves ( ) as a result of increased height were greater than before due to spray of this growth promoter. Under the function of growth leaf area index is a functional size of the crop standing on land area, this index was on spray of this plant growth promoters. Leaf area duration could be integrated over time to take into to account of persistence of leaf area. Salicylic acid has increased the maximum leaf area duration (13.93 cm 2 /day), followed by ascorbic acid (13.26 cm 2 /day) [4,7]. This integral termed is closely related to dry matter production 26 and yield. The leaves remained more active to a prolonged period for remobilizing assimilate to the sink during senescence. Specific leaf area represents the leafiness and expresses the interrelationship between leaf area and leaf dry weight [1]. Ocimum crop exhibited the significant differences among treatments on spray of this plant growth promoter. The gain in weight of a crop community on a unit of land in unit time is crop growth rate, which ascribed crop productivity per unit land area. The maximum crop growth rate (0.161 g/cm 2 /day). It is a single and important index of agricultural productivity on the rate of the dry matter production [8]. It has been observed during the course of investigations that maximum CGR was attained only up to 90 DAS and after attaining a peak it declined in the subsequent growth period. Which is attributed to the reduction in magnitude of assimilatory surface area resulted in decline in dry matter production and subsequently CGR [5]. The relative growth rate represents the increment in existing biomass per unit area per unit time, which decreased in the later growth phases. The maximum relative growth rate ( g/g/day) of Ocimum was recorded on use of salicylic acid. Investigations revealed that the relative growth rate possessed the higher magnitudes in the early growth period, thereafter; it declined due to increase in net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio [5]. Foliar application of salicylic acid has increased photysynthesis rate (2.23 µmole/m 2 /s), stomatal conductance (115 mmole/m 2 /s), transpiration rate (2.84 mmole/m 2 /s). Prithivirajt and Smith [6]. also found that the salicylic acid (SA) and

3 related phenolic compounds can exert control over stomatal opening. Performance of Ocimum Out of nine Ocimum Germplasms, viz. IC369247, EC38737, IC338776, IC391924, Ocimum basillicum, Ocimum local, Ocimum cannum, Ocimum basillicum local and Ocimum sanctum 27 local, germplasm (IC369247) recorded the maximum plant height (68.78 cm), number of leaves ( ), and branches per plant (12.07) LAI (0.179), LAD (19.32 cm 2 /day), NAR (.60 g /cm 2 /day) RGR (0.347 g/g/day), seed yield (17.77 q/ha) and herbage yield (70.12 q/ha) followed by Ocimum basillicum. Table 1 Influence of growth promoters, germplasms and their interaction on morphological parameters and yield components of Ocimum species. Growth Promoter Plant Height /plant (cm) Number of Leaves /plant Number of Branches /plant Seed yield (Q/ha) H.I. % Herbage Yield (Q/ha) Salicylic Acid Ascorbic Acid Control S. Em± CD at (5%) G 1 IC G 2 EC G 3 IC G 4 IC G 5 O.basillicum G 6 O.local G 7 O.cannum G 8 O.basillicum local G 9 O. sanctum local S. Em± CD at (5%) G 1 x Sali. Acid G 1 x Asc. Acid G 1 x control G 2 x Sali. Acid G 2 x Asc. Acid G 2 x control G 3 x Sali. Acid G 3 x Asc. Acid

4 G 3 x control G 4 x Sali. Acid G 4 x Asc. Acid G 4 x control G 5 x Sali. Acid G 5 x Asc. Acid G 5 x control G 6 x Sali. Acid G 6 x Asc. Acid G 6 x control G 7 x Sali. Acid G 7 x Asc. Acid G 7 x control G 8 xsali. Acid G 8 x Asc. Acid G 8 x control G 9 x Sali. Acid G 9 x Asc. Acid G 9 x control S. Em± CD at (5%) Table:2 Influence of growth promoter, germplasm and their interactions on growth parameters on Ocimum species Growth promoters LAI LAD (cm2/days) SLA (cm2/g) CGR (g/cm2 of ground area/day) RGR (g/g/day) NAR (g/cm2/day) Salicylic Acid Ascorbic Acid Control S. Em± CD at (5%) G 1 IC G 2 EC G 3 IC G 4 IC G 5 O.basillicum

5 G 6 O.local G 7 O.cannum G 8 O.basillicum local G 9 O. sanctum local S. Em± CD at (5%) G 1 x Sali. Acid G 1 x Asc. Acid G 1 x control G 2 x Sali. Acid G 2 x Asc. Acid G 2 x control G 3 x Sali. Acid G 3 x Asc. Acid G 3 x control G 4 x Sali. Acid G 4 x Asc. Acid G 4 x control G 5 x Sali. Acid G 5 x Asc. Acid G 5 x control G 6 x Sali. Acid G 6 x Asc. Acid G 6 x control G 7 x Sali. Acid G 7 x Asc. Acid G 7 x control G 8 xsali. Acid G 8 x Asc. Acid G 8 x control G 9 x Sali. Acid G 9 x Asc. Acid G 9 x control S. Em± CD at (5%)

6 Interaction of Plant Growth Promotes with Ocimum Germplasms Foliar spray of SA on germplasm IC369247, exhibited higher LAI, RGR and NAR; on germplasm IEC38737, LAD and on Ocimum sanctum the CGR, However when germplasm IC sprayed with ASc, has shown superiority next to SA but over to control, in slmost all (i.e. LAI, LAD, SLA. CGR and NAR) the traits studied in this trial Finally, germplasm IC is the better germplasm of Ocimum and SA is the better growth promoter. Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to the project Niche Area of Excellence for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants sponsored by ICAR, New Delhi References 1. Beadle, C.L. (1985). Plant Growth Analysis. The techniques in bioproductivity and photosynthesis. (ed) by coombs, J.C.; Hall, D.P.; Long, S.P. and Scurlo, C.O.; J.M.O. Pergamon Press, Duke, J.A. (1989). CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Bocoration; CRC Press; Figlolia, A. Benedetti, A. Izza, C. Indiati, R. Rea, E. Alianiello, F. Canali, S. Biondi, F.A. Pierandrel, F. and Moretti R. (1994). Effect of fertilization with humic Acid on soil and plant metabolism. A. Multidispilinary approach. Note I; Crop Production. Humic substance in the global environment and implication on human health. Proceeding of the 6th international Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society Monopoli Bari Italy Sharma, Krishna, and Kaur, Surinder (2003). Effect of salicylic acid, caffeic acid and light intensity on yield and yield contributing parameters in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill). Environment and Ecology. 21 (2): Mahgoob, A.E.A and Zaghlool, S.A.M. (2002). Effect of salicylic and jasmonic acid on the response of tomato plants to root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infection. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo, 47(3): Prithviraj and Smith, D.J. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant-Physiology. 160 (5): Sirvastava, A.K.(1982). Farm bull. (16) CIMAP. Lucknow. India. 8. Watson, D.J. (1958). The dependence of net assimilation rate on leaf area index. Annals of Boany 22: Watson, D.J. (1952). The physiological basis for variation in yield. Advances in Agronomy4: