Study on an Agricultural Development Project to Mitigate Rural Poverty

Transcription

1 Note Study on an Agricultural Development Project to Mitigate Rural Poverty Cacao Farming in East Indonesia * Atsuko TANAKA CVM:Cocoa Village Model CVM SL CVM PsPSP CVM PsPSP CVM CVM * Research fellow, Kuroshio Regional Research Institute 19

2 ABSTRACT Poverty, like conflict, threatens human security, endangering the survival, livelihood, and dignity of humankind. With the renewed emphasis on poverty reduction stated in the Millennium Development Goals, development projects and efforts have been more focused on how to alleviate poverty. As agriculture is a major livelihood activity for many marginalized people, this study examines the effectiveness of an agricultural development project for poverty reduction. The Cocoa Village Model (CVM) in Indonesia is used as a case study. Cacao can be a distinctive commercial crop for marginalized farmers with high commodity value in the international market. To examine the CVM, a sustainable livelihood approach reflecting multi-dimensional aspects of poverty was applied. Results of the evaluation indicate that the CVM has made an overarching contribution to poverty reduction, improving financial, natural, human, social and physical livelihood assets. This can be attributed in large part to the following factors. Firstly, the crop management techniques (named as the PsPSP method) disseminated in the CVM to control pests and diseases did not undermine natural and financial assets, which are the fundamental capital for agricultural production. Secondly, the CVM was able to realize farmers adoption of the PsPSP methods through an approach incorporating: 1) recipients-centered technology transfer; 2) consideration of social and economic factors; and 3) further technological improvements instead of mere information dissemination. Furthermore, the CVM has led not only to improved quality and productivity of cacao production, but also to farmers capacity development. Organization of cacao growers cooperatives in the second stage of the CVM strengthened the collective power of cacao farmers. With a change in the social structure that impedes poverty alleviation, farmers become more influential stakeholders in the cacao business and are potentially less vulnerable. These social changes would not have been achieved with an improvement in production alone. It should be noted that the CVM agricultural development project is an Indonesian initiative. Evidence shows that developing countries ownership of projects is a key factor to improve aid efficiency. Hence, it is most important for donor countries to provide secondary or complementary support for these locally led projects % UNDP UNDP JICA IFAD

3 Sebastian et. al Cocoa Village Model : CVM 2 Sustainable Livelihood Approach : SL CVM I 16.6% 23.3% 62% ICCO ha South Sulawesi Provincial Government CPB Cacao Pod Borer 8 VSD Vascular-streak dieback 9 Black Pod 10 CPB CPB 12 Matlick 2006 PsPSP PsPSP Panen sering Pemangkasan Sanitasi Pemukan 13 PsPSP FFS Farmer Field School PsPSP 14 ACDI/VOCA CPB /ha 1.3 /ha ASKINDO 15 CVM CVM FFS 3 21

4 ha /ha , , , , , , , , ASKINDO. /ha CPB % 100g CVM CVM CVM 1 ASKINDO. CVM II CVM CVM ASKINDO 5 PsPSP PsPSP CPB CVM III CVM SL SL JICA

5 18 Carney CVM CVM 20 CVM CVM CVM PsPSP CVM CVM power CVM

6 Batliwala 1995 IV CVM CVM 2006 CVM 3 1 PsPSP 1 22 PsPSP CVM 1 24 CVM 2 CVM 2 CVM 24

7 25 CVM CVM V CVM CVM CVM ASKINDO 25

8 1 PsPSP

9 CVM ASKINDO JICA JICA 1 2 CVM ASKINDO Asosiasi Kakao Indonesia PENSA Program for Eastern Indonesia SME Assistance CVM ILO ILO Conopomorpha cramerellya. 9 Oncobasidium theobromae. 10 Phytophthorsa spp. 11ACRI American Cocoa Research Institute ASKINDO Asosiasi Kakao Indonesia ADP-USAID BCCA The Biscuit Cake Chocolate and Confectionary Alliance Asosiasi Kakao Indonesia ha 2650ha ASKINDO Capability Toledo Cacao Growers Association TCGA Global Exchange 2007 Kuapa Kokoo Transfair n.d. 22 Farmers' First Approach Chambers Rogers

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