Experiences With GEM Variety Management (and New

Transcription

1 Experiences With GEM Variety Management (and New Rootstocks). Consuelo Fernández Noguera Brokaw Nursery LLC

2 Outline History and origin of the cultivar Experience at Brokaw Ranches What have we learned through our experience Development in other countries Challenges and uncertainties A look into the future

3 History In 1986 roughly 10,000 seedlings were planted at Bob Lamb s Camarillo grove by Dr Bob Bergh. Lamb-Hass, GEM and other selections originated from this Bob Lamb plot. In (GEM) was selected and topworked at UC South Coast Research and Extension Center. In 1994 some material of the new selection was distributed for testing by growers. Hank Brokaw topworked 4 trees for observation.

4 Brokaw Ranches Experience 4 trees topworked in 1994 at Cheravo Ranch in Santa Paula for observation and evaluation. An additional 50 trees were topworked in Observations: Upright, compact growth habit. Excellent fruit quality. Superior peeling characteristics. Larger fruit sizes when compared to Hass. Tendency to set fruit in clusters that hang under the tree s canopy. Low alternation. Matures slightly later than Hass. It hangs well on the tree. High yields.

5 Brokaw Ranches Experience In 2002 a US Plant Patent application for (GEM) was filed. Brokaw Nursery was licensed to propagate GEM trees in February Initial sales volumes were very low. In 2006 the GEM was included in a high density trial block established by Brokaw Nursery at the Faught Ranch in Santa Paula.

6 Faught Ranch High Density Trial Planting Date: August Planting Distance: 10 x 12. Berms. Drip Irrigation(2 lines, 18 between emitters y 0.5 galons/hr). Girdling (Hass only). Stakes. Rootstock Scion combinations: Hass/ Toro Canyon Hass/ Dusa Carmen/Dusa Carmen /Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/ Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/Dusa GEM/ Toro Canyon Lamb Hass/Dusa

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8 Faught Ranch High Density Trial Planting Date: August 2006 Planting Distance: 10 x 12 Berms Drip Irrigation (2 lines, 18 between emitters y 0.5 galons/hr). Girdling (Hass only) Steaks Prunning Rootstock Scion combinations: Hass/ Toro Canyon Hass/ Dusa Carmen/Dusa Carmen /Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/ Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/Dusa GEM/ Toro Canyon Lamb Hass/Dusa GEM was well suited to high density This experience with GEM at higher densities increased our enthusiasm for the cv.

9 Faught Ranch Young Block Bigger commitment to high densities. Mainly Hass. Planting Date: July Planting distance: 6 x 14.5 Berms. Drip Irrigation. Girdling (Hass only). Stakes. In rows topworked to GEM. In 2015 we initiated a progressive conversion of 6 rows/year to GEM.

10 Mupu and Cheravo Ranches Based on these experiences, Brokaw Ranch Company affirmed a commitment to the GEM variety : 21 Acres planted with GEM (13,000 trees). Planting Distances: 5 x 14.5 (600 trees/a). Berms. Drip Irrigation (2 lines, 18 between emitters y 0.5 galons/hr). Stake (2 diameter and 6 tall). Irrigation and fertilization for GEM is 20% more than Hass. Pruning to control height and for rejuvenation?

11 6 month old GEM trees at Cheravo Ranch

12 2 year old GEM trees at Mupu Ranch

13 Four year old GEM trees at Mupu Ranch.

14 GEM Avocado - Mupu Ranch Average Yield per Acre (Lbs./A) Lbs/A Q04 H01 H02 T01 T02 T03 T04 W01 W02 W #/Acre 14 #/Acre 15 #/Acre 16 #/Acre 17 Projected #/Acre 18

15 Number of trees sold 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Number of GEM (3-29-5) trees sold per year at BNLLC ,267 7,912 16,051 37,959 46,000 17,

16 GEM: world-wide development

17 Challenges and uncertainties Cultural Rootstock effect. Excessive bloom in young trees can cause leaf drop (inherited from Gwen). Cracking of fruit when hanging too late? We don t yet have much experience in how it will respond to pruning. Growers must take measures to supply the highest quality possible. Marketing Not Hass!! Inexperience on a commercial scale. First larger commercial blocks were planted in Promotional effort needed to ensure success in the marketplace. Packers must take measures to supply the highest quality possible.

18 A look into the future Rapid increase in new acreage in the near term. New GEM blocks going into production à more fruit entering the market. From a grower point of view a lot of potential in Gem developmentà Higher efficiencies To what extent might GEM displace Hass?

19 GEM Rootstock Trial Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R106 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R.05 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R106 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R.05 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R106 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R.05 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R.03 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R.03 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R.03 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.03 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.03 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.03 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.15 Location: Faught Ranch Planting Date: June 2017

20 Thank you