LITERATURE CITED. Adhikary, M.M Agricultural productivity in relation to socio-economic status,

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1 186 LITERATURE CITED Adhikary, M.M Agricultural productivity in relation to socio-economic status, communication and management orientation. Environment and Ecology 4(4): Alam, M.S., Elias, S.M. and Murshed, S.M.M Small farm planning under risk: An application of parametric linear programming. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics 20(1): Anil, K. and Peter, B.J Credit risk models and agricultural lending. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 87(1): Anonymous District Census Handbook. Census Operations Himachal Pradesh. Anonymous Statistical Outline of Himachal Pradesh. Department of Economics and Statistics, Shimla. Anonymous Economic Survey of Himachal Pradesh. Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla. Babu, S.C., Subramanian, S.R. and Rajasekaran, B Fertilizer and organic manure use under uncertainty: Policy comparisons for irrigated and dryland farming systems in South India. Agricultural Systems 35(1): Balappa, S. and Huger, L.B Measurement of production efficiency in potato-an evidence of Karnataka state. Asian Economic Review 47(1): Banik, A Technical efficiency of irrigated farms in a village of Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 49(1):

2 187 Bezbaruah, M.P. and Roy, N Factors affecting cropping intensity and use of fertilizers and high yielding variety seeds in Barak Valley. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 57(2): Bhowmick, B.C Analysis of farm production in Kamrup district of Assam-A parametric risk programming approach. Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished). Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Chandel, B.S Farm planning in agriculture under risk and uncertainty (a study of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh). Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished). Department of Agricultural Economics, HPKV, Palampur. Chauhan, S.K. and Mehta, P Problems and constraints in vegetable marketing: A case study of Himachal Pradesh. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 10(1): Chitnis, H.H. and Bhilegaonkar, M.G Constraints causing technological gap in dry farming system. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University 12(1) : Comer, S., Ekanem, E., Safdar, M., Singh, S.P. and Tegegne, F Sustainable and conventional farmers: A comparison of socio-economic characteristics, attitude, and beliefs. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 15(1): Dam, P.K., Mahapatra, A., Ganguly, K.K., Dixit, A.K., Verma, M.B.S., Laxminarayana, J., Sapra, G.P. and Krishnamachari, K.A.V.R Socio-demographic profile of tribal population in three Rajasthan districts. Eastern Anthropologist 45(3): Das, B.N A study on economics of fertilizer use under risk. Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished). Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Das, P.S. and Kar, A Decision-making under uncertainty: Bayesian approach-a case study of aman paddy in Midnapore district, West Bengal. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 50 (1):

3 188 Dhayani, B.L., Dogra, P. and Srivastava, A.K Optimization of farm resources for sustainable development of rainfed farms of North-Western Himalayan region. Artha vikas 34(1): Dhondyal, S.P Farm management: An economic analysis. Friend s publication Meerut, Inc 422 p. Geetha, G.S., Srinivasa, G., Jayaram, H., Iyengar, M.N.S. and Vijayaprakash, N.B Socio-economic determinants of farmer oriented technology packages for sericulture- A field study. Indian Journal of Sericulture 40(1): Ghosh, N Sustainable mountain development. Yojana 46(8): Goyal, S.K., Suhag, K.S. and Pandey, U.K An estimation of technical efficiency of paddy farmers in Haryana state of India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 61(1): Guleria, R.S Constraint analysis for increasing foodgrain production in Himachal Pradesh. Ph.D. Thesis, (Unpublished). Department of Agricultural economics, HPKV, Palampur. Gupta, S.B.L Variability of yields, prices and income for selected crops in Varanasi district (Uttar Pradesh). Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 19(1): Hazzel, P.B.R A linear alternative to quadratic and semi-variance programming for farm planning under uncertainty. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 53(1): Jairath, M.S. and Swarup, S Regional variation in agricultural development-a case study of hilly state. Agricultural Situation in India 46(7): Janalah, A., Bose, Manik, L. and Agarwal, A.G Poverty and income distribution in rainfed and irrigated ecosystems: Village studies in Chhattisgarh. Economic and Political Weekly 35(52):

4 189 Jayaram, H., Chandrashekar, G.S. and Achoth, L An economic analysis of technical efficiency in rice cultivation in Mandya: Some issues in resource pricing. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics: 47(4): Jha, B.K Risk returns trade off in the greenbelt, India. Agricultural Situation in India 50(1): Jodha, N.S Sustainable mountain agriculture: Some predictions. In: S.L. Shah ed. Agricultural Development in Hilly Areas. Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Bombay. Just, R.E. and Pope, R.D Production function estimation and related risk considerations. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 61(2): Kalirajan, K.P. and Shand, R.T Modeling and measuring economic efficiency under risk. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 49 (4): Kopp, R.J The measurement of production efficiency: A reconsideration. Australian Journal of Economics 97: Kumar, A Impact of risk and uncertainty on vegetable production and farm income in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished). Department of Agricultural Economics, HPKV, Palampur. Kumar, A., Sharma, S.K., and Vashist, G.D Profitability, risk and diversification in mountain agriculture: some policy issues for slow growth crops. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 57(3): Kumar, R Constraints facing Indian agriculture: Needs for policy intervention. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 60(1): Kumaresan, P., Vijaya Prakash, N.B. and Datta, R.K, Optimal crop planning under production risk for sericulture based cropping system, an application of MOTAD model. Sericologia 41(2):

5 190 Lal, Harbans, Sharma, K.D. and Thakur, D.S Vegetable marketing in Himachal Pradesh: Constraints and opportunities. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 8(4): Maibangsa, M Growth of hill agriculture in Meghalaya. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 6(1): Moorti, T.V., Sharma, A.K. and Sharma, R.K Production constraints in hill agriculture with special reference to irrigation in Himachal Pradesh. In: S.L. Shah ed. Agricultural Development in Hilly Areas. Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Bombay. Mythili, G. and Shanmugam, K.R technical efficiency of rice growers in Tamil Nadu: A study based on panel data. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 55(1): Pal, S. and Bisaria, G Risk consideration in product price: An expected deviations approach. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 45(4): Pandey, G.D. and Goel, A.K Socio-demographic characteristics of Abujhmaria of Madhya Pradesh. South Asian Anthropologist 20(2): Pant, K.P. and Pandey, V.K Minimising environmental problems in hill agriculture of Nepal through multiobjective farm planning. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 54(1): Ramasamy, C Constraints to growth in Indian agriculture : Needed technology, resource management and trade strategies. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 59(1): Randhir, O.T Influence of risk on input use in South Indian tankfed farms. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 46(1):

6 191 Randhir, O.T. and Krishnamoorthy, S Optimal crop planning under production risk in tankfed South Indian farms. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 48(4): Rangaswamy, P Risk aversion and investment gap. Indian Economic Review 17 (2/3/4): Rangaswamy, R Rapporteur s report on science and technology for dry land farming. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 41(3): Rao, K.P.C A study of the effects of risk and uncertainty on farming in West Godavary district, Andhra Pradesh. Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished). Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Ravikumar, K.N., Murthy, P.S.S. and Naidu, D.C Production and marketing of agricultural produce in tribal areas: A case study in Andhra Pradesh. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 12(1): Ready, R.C The choice of welfare measures under uncertainty. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 75(4): Roy, A. D A social profile of the Garo hills district. Man in India 82(1&2): Saha, A Risk in HYV and traditional rice cultivations: An inquiry in West Bengal agriculture. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 56(1): Saha, B.K. and Mukhopadhyay, A Potato production cost analysis of Burdwan district of West Bengal. Agricultural Situation in India 56(6): Saini, A.S Optimum resource allocation and normative milk supply functions for Patiala district, Punjab. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpublished). Division of Dairy Economics, Statistics and Management, NDRI, Karnal (Haryana).

7 192 Saini, A.S., Sharma, K.D. and Lal, Harbans Hi-tech agriculture in Himachal Pradesh. Scope, potential and strategies. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 7(2): Saraswat, S.P., Singh, R. and Dahiya, P. S Structural changes in farm and non-farm employment in Himachal Pradesh: A Case Study of Kot Village. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 50(3): Sasmal, J Considerations of risk in the production of high yielding variety of paddy: A generalized stochastic formulation for production function estimation. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 43 (4): Schultz, T.W The value of ability to deal with disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature 13(3): Sekar, I. and Palanisami, K Farm planning under risk in dry farms of Palladam block of Coimbtore district in Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 55(4): Sekar, I. and Ramasamy, C Decision-making in risk-ridden tankfed farms in Tamil Nadu-An application of advanced breakeven analysis. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 58(1): Shanmugam, K.R. and Venkataramani, A Technical efficiency in agricultural production and its determinants: An exploratory study at the district level. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 61(2): Sharma, H.R. and Sharma, R.K Farm size-productivity relationship: Empirical evidence from an agriculturally developed region of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 55(2):

8 193 Sharma, K.D., Thakur, D.C. and Saini, A.S Poverty in hills: Causes and cures. ICSSR Seminar on poverty and income distribution in North-Western states of India. Department of Agricultural Economics, HPKV, Palampur, May 28-29, Singh, A.J. and Byrlee, D Relative variability in wheat yield across countries and over time. Journal of Agricultural Economics 41(1): Singh, A.J. and Jain, K.K Farm planning under risk and uncertainty- An application of parametric linear programming. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 38(2): Singh, D.V. and Bhati, J.P Pattern of energy consumption in farming household of Himachal Pradesh. Agricultural Situation in India 53 (7): Singh, Dalbir Common property resources and livestock farming in Chila village of Himachal Pradesh. In Livestock Economy of India. Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Oxford and IBH Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi: Singh, J. and Singh, A Implementation of employment generation programmes: A study of JRY in Rajouri district of J&K. ICSSR Seminar on poverty and income distribution in North-Western states of India. Department of Agricultural Economics, HPKV, Palampur May Singh, K. and Vashist, G.D An analysis of production and marketing system of vegetables in Lambagaon block of district Kangra. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 7(4): Singh, R. and Raman, T Sustainable livestock in mountains of Himalayan region - A study of Himachal Pradesh. Agriculture Situation in India 48(11): Singh, R. and Sharma, A.C Farm production plans for risk averters: A case study of small peasant farms. Indian Journal of Economics 69 (272):

9 194 Suresh,A. and Reddy, T.R.K Resources-use efficiency of paddy cultivation in Peechi Command area of Thrissur district of Kerala: An economic analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review 19(1): Talathi, J.M. and Hiremath, G.K Technical and water use efficiency in methods of irrigation in Thane district of Maharastra. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 17: Thakur, D.C., Bhati, J.P. and Sharma K.D Farm productivity in Himachal Pradesh: Prospects and constraints. The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 7(4): Thakur, D.S Constraints in doubling foodgrain production in Hills (Himachal Pradesh). The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing 8(1): Thakur, D.S. and Sharma, K.D Weaklings of agriculture in Himachal Pradesh-An introspection. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 10(2): Thakur, D.S., Sharma, K.D. and Saini, A.S Potential and constraints of hill agriculture with pertinent solutions. In: S.L. Shah ed. Agricultural Development in Hilly Areas. Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Bombay, Timmer, C.P Using a probabilistic frontier production function to measure technical efficiency. Journal of Political Economy 79(4): Topal, Y. P. S. and Samal, P. K Causes for variation in social and economic conditions among tribes of Indian Central Himalaya: A comparative study. Man in India 81(1&2): Tripathi, R.S Problems and prospects of agricultural development in Garhwal Himalaya, U.P. Agricultural Situation in India 46(7): Tripathi, R.S Income level and consumption pattern of hill farmers in Indian Centeral Himalaya: A case study. Economic Affairs 38(4):

10 195 Valdivia, C., Dunn, E.G. and Jette, C Diversification as a risk management strategy in an Andean agro pastoral community. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 78(5):