R. Serraj and SRT3 team

Transcription

1 Dryland Systems Integrated and Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems for Improved Food Security and Livelihoods in Dry yareas [CRP1.1] Sustainable Intensification in North Africa and West Asia R. Serraj and SRT3 team

2 CRP1.1: Integrated and Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems for Improved Food Security and Livelihoods in Dry Areas SRT1: Effective & efficient R4D partnerships oriented to provide lasting solutions that help ensure impacts delivery SRT2: More resilient & sustainable dryland agriculture that better manages risks & vulnerability. SRT3: More productive, profitable, diversified & sustainably intensified dryland agriculture with well- established market linkages. SRO4: Target, measure & maximize R4D impacts in dryland agriculture.

3 Selection of Target areas & Action sites 1. Reducing vulnerability (SRT2 type) 2. Sustainable intensification (SRT3 type) Circles/ovals indicate roughly the 5 Target Regions.

4 NA&WA Target Areas and Action Sites

5 Livelihood strategies Key variables INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT ENDOGENOUS EXOGENOUS Livelihood Capitals Implementation programs Institutions and policy network Spatial Scale

6 Location of the Meknès-Saiss Action Site area of about 1694 km2 in the north of Morocco

7 Meknes Saiss Action Site Major target region for Agricultural intensification and for the Green Morocco Green: Agropole

8 INDICATORS Crop diversification Cereals Pulses Forages Oilseed crops Vegetables Fruit trees Fallow TOTAL Livestock Beef MEKNES Area in hectares 89,400 13,500 5,000 5,600 7,100 22,000 11, ,500 24,400 Sheep 90,900 Goat 8,900 Others 14,700 TOTAL 138,900

9 Opportunities for agricultural research Opportunities for R4D on: - GMP- Pillar II (small holding farmers) - Diversification - land tenure policy, - soil and water management, - Agrobiodiversity conservation, - Water harvesting, - drought-resistant resistant varieties, others Regional Capacity Research Programs : INRA, ENA, IAV Hassan II, University of Meknes, Schools for technicians, Private sector (Agribusiness, value chains, etc.)

10 Egypt-Delta Site

11 Karkheh River Basin Site

12 Constraints and opportunities Major production systems (Action Site) Wheat-based system Biophysical/technical Low Soil fertility Lack of diversification ifi / rotation Low input use: seeds, fertilizers, pesticides Post Harvest loss Low rate of agronomic packages adoption Market/added value/ Insurance Livestock: Insufficient feed Pricing policy (subsidies, pricing, etc.) Institutional constraints : (Enabling Environments Fruit-tree tree system Low Input/technical use Lack of technical package Market/add value (value chain) By product use/ environmental impacts Product quality (Olive, oil/processing/policy ) Post Harvest loss Low adoption rate of agronomic packages Insurance Livestock: Feed lack Pricing policy (subsidies, pricing etc.) Vegetable-based based system Low sustainability (water) Post Harvest (storage) Price volatility Market stability Seed availability (Potato Same analysis for Egypt and Iran sites..

13 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN CRP1.1 Objectives for sustainable intensification in North Africa and West Asia: Smallholder farmers must have a future throughout the WANA region Agro-ecosystems should be productive and sustainable If progress is achieved it has to be gender equitable A way must be found for smallholder farmers to benefit A way must be found for smallholder farmers to benefit from market access

14 Hypotheses H1. Some form of farm aggregation (association/ organized farmers groups) will lead to the realization of economies of size, thereby leading to increased access to innovations, improved market efficiencies, competitiveness and value addition; H2. Rainfed wheat-based system can be sustainably intensified and diversified through crop-tree-livestock integration, agricultural innovations, and institutional arrangements providing pathways out of poverty; H3. Irrigated production systems can be sustainably intensified through policies and institutions that ensure efficient use of land and water resources; H4. Use of innovation systems perspective will enhance the adoption and utilization of improved technologies, markets and policies; H5. Equitable distribution of responsibilities and benefits along the value chain among men, women and youth will enhance development of the target areas; H6. System analysis of production and market system performance will allow optimal intensification of the production and market systems and the assessment of potential impact of innovations both in socioeconomic and ecological terms.

15 Outputs 1. Innovation platforms for technology transfer, access to market, credit and insurance are developed and operational for the implementation of farmer s aggregation, associating small farmers with pilot progressive farmers and/or private investor in Meknès and Delta-Egypt sites 2. Rainfed mixed wheat-based system are profitably and sustainably intensified and diversified through integrated crop-vegetable-tree-livestock TIPOs in the action and satellite sites 3. Irrigated production systems sustainably intensified by optimizing water and land productivity while conserving and valorizing natural resources (land, water, biodiversity) in the Delta-Egypt and Karkheh River basin 4. Harvest and post-harvest practices improved, and added-value options tested for better market access in the three target sites 5. Policy and institutional options related to farmers aggregation, market and value chain integration, land fragmentation, water valuation and allocation evaluated in the 3 target sites 6. Effective mechanisms for rural women and youth empowerment developed and tested in the 3 sites, to equitably share benefits and responsibilities of aggregation and intensification 7. Models and knowledge management systems developed and applied for optimized systems design, and scaling up/out improved Integrated TIPOs 8. Trade-offs between systems intensification, diversification and resource use and conservation analyzed and sustainability scenarios developed in the target sites 9. Impact of the R4D monitored and future scenarios developed for the target sites

16 The logical framework

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18 Agricultural Innovation System From Ponniah Anandajayasekeram

19 ICARDA CA Projects in CWANA (On going and pipeline) Plus CRP 1.1, 3.1, 3.5, 3.6

20 Component 1 - Modelling chain to assess farm decision and impacts Aggregated Indicators (Region, Vulnerable Zone) Regional model Prices Socio-economic context: GDP, price,. Market Region Simple indicators Farm model Farm typology Farm type AM data base: by activity it and Farm type Economic and policy data Policy/environneme FADN, survey, ntal measures: MARS WFW, prime. Agro- management Crop model Production, Externalities Agromanagem ent data cropping system/aenz Field (soil type) From Hatem Belhouchette Technological innovation: no till, new rotations.

21 Component 2

22 Dynamic of olive varietal diversity in the Syrian agroecosystems Olive-growing areas in the Mediterranean basin (based on the map of Morettini, 1950).

23 Results & Outputs: Importance of Olive trees in agrosystems characterized (North Syria sites); Genetic diversity of olive trees assessed in several collections; Enriched collections at GCSAR; In the marginal environments farmers select and plant distinctive varieties for household consumption (varieties for table, varieties for oil, precocious varieties and late varieties). These varieties vary between different agro eco-systems, In traditional agro-ecosystems, the mixture and number of varieties used are essentially influenced by consumption preferences and environmental adaptation. While in modern orchards, the criteria for variety selection are the final product related to market demand and also climate adaptation of varieties.

24 Component 3 Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Increased Crop Productivity, Enhanced Human Health and Sustained Soil Fertility Concept Note approved by CGIAR Science Council for development of a Concept Note approved by CGIAR Science Council for development of a Challenge Program Pre-proposal

25 Ecological services of legumes for N & P, and C cycles in cereal cropping systems FABATROPIMED From A Balboa & S Ridaura EU FP5 Fyame & FP6 Aquarhiz&Microbe; FAO-IAEA N&P efficiencies WP6 Management and Coordination WP1 agronomy environmental Pedological & microbial diagnosis in farmers fields WP5 Innovation systems and sustainability assessment diagnosis and ecology farmers fields Mechanisms and processes Sustainability and echnology t transfer New symbioses N&P efficicent WP2 N & P cycles and C sequestration in soils Soil parameters and N,Pand C modeling WP3 Symbiotic and rhizospheric interactions WP4 Physiological mechanisms and candidate genes Isolation of beneficial microorganisms Characterization ofefficicent symbioses From JJ Drevon

26 gricultu ure N to Ag Fixed N on of F ributio Contr Genetic engineering g Legume breeding & Rhizobium selection Changes in farming systems Introduction of legumes to new areas Improvement of underutilized legume crops Retaining legume residues Implementation ti of existing knowledge Inoculation Amelioration of nutritional constrains Crop management Current level Biotechnology Crop Improvement INRM Policies and Markets Research effort (Time) From Peoples et al., 2001

27 Thank you