ADVANTAGES AND NEW CHALLENGES FOR USE OF CYCLOXYDIM-TOLERANT MAIZE

Transcription

1 ADVANTAGES AND NEW CHALLENGES FOR USE OF CYCLOXYDIM-TOLERANT MAIZE Malidža G., Bekavac, G., Rajković, M., Vasić, M. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia EWRS Working Group Herbicide Tolerant Varieties, Workshop Novi Sad, Serbia - May 29-31, 2017

2 Cycloxydim-tolerant maize 1990 Discovery (University of Minnesota, inheritance - single partially dominant gene) Poast Protected Corn in U.S.A DUO system in Europe: innovative duo of the graminicide Focus Ultra and cycloxydim-tolerant maize hybrids first CTM hybrid registered in Serbia field trials in Serbia EWRS Working Group Herbicide Tolerant Varieties, Workshop Novi Sad, Serbia - May 29-31, 2017

3 Multiple benefits of DUO System EWRS Working Group Herbicide Tolerant Varieties, Workshop Novi Sad, Serbia - May 29-31, 2017

4 Selectivity and flexibility High level of tolerance to cycloxydim and the absence of stress, providing the possibility to express the full potential of maize hybrids. The possibility to reduce damages from drift from other herbicides inhibitors of ACCase. Susceptible hybrid NS 444 CTM hybrid NS 444 ULTRA

5 Selectivity and flexibility CTM hybrids are tolerant to cycloxydim independently of maize growth stage as well as to increased amounts of the herbicide than recommended. Tolerance of the CTM hybrids provide a guaranteed selectivity and flexibility in selection of dose and application time of cycloxydimbased products. CTM hybrid NS 444 ULTRA 7 days after application of 1200 g ha -1 of cycloxydim in ten leaves growth stage

6 The influence of different rates and application time of cycloxydim (Focus Ultra) on the response of CTM hybrid NS 444 Ultra (Malidza et al., 2007) Growth stage Bleaching (0-100%) Stunting (0-100%) Treatment Rate (g ai ha -1 ) (BBCH and appl. date) 27/6 10/7 26/7 27/6 10/7 26/7 Untreated check- Cycloxydim /6 Cycloxydim /6 Cycloxydim / Cycloxydim Grain yield (t ha -1 ) EWRS Working Group Herbicide Tolerant Varieties, Workshop Novi Sad, Serbia - May 29-31, 2017

7 Efficacy Simple and effective post-emergence control of grasses (confirmed in our field trials from ). Unique possibilities of Cynodon dactylon control in maize. Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria spp., Sorghum halepense... Cynodon dactylon, Agropyrum repens.

8 Efficacy CTM is new tool for control of Sorghum halepense resistant to ALS inhibitors. Field of cycloxydim-tolerant maize after application of cycloxydim Field with maize after application of nicosulfuron

9 Locations with confirmed resistance of Sorghum halepense to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Serbia Bajmok (2014) Stanišić (2016) - Susceptible population - Resistant population Sonta (2016) Serbia Alibunar (2013) Vladimirovac (2013) Banatsko N. Selo (2014) Kačarevo (2014) Zagajica (2014) Vlajkovac (2014) Dupljaja (2015) Vračev Gaj (2015) Banatska Palanka (2015) Dubovac (2015) Gaj (2015) Kovin (2015) Deliblato (2015) Mramorak (2015) Dolovo (2015) Ovča (2015) Badovinci (2014) Salaš Crnobarski (2014) Ostrovo (2014)

10 S. halepense resistant to ALS inhibitors has a strong impact... on increasing importance of cycloxydim-tolerant maize!

11 Effect of increasing rates of nicosulfuron and cycloxydim on resistant and susceptible populations of S. halepense to ALS inhibitors Nicosulfuron (g a.i. ha -1 ) Ø 1/ Ø 1/256 1/128 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 Cycloxydim (g a.i. ha -1 ) Ø 1/128 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 Ø 1/128 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 *R resistant population to ALS inhibitors; S susceptible population to ALS inhibitors

12 Control (%) Efficacy of selected herbicides (%) in control of S. halepense resistant to ALS inhibitors in cycloxydim-tolerant maize (Banatsko Novo Selo, 2015) 100 SORHA from rhizome 100 Seedlings of SORHA Focus Ultra Focus Ultra Equip Laudis Motivell extra 6OD 0 Focus Ultra Focus Ultra Equip Laudis Motivell extra 6OD 1,5 L/ha 2 L/ha 2,5 L/ha 2,25 L/ha 0,75 L/ha 1,5 L/ha 2 L/ha 2,5 L/ha 2,25 L/ha0,75 L/ha days after 15 treatment dana posle primene days after 41 dan treatment posle primene days after 15 dana treatment posle primene days after 41 dan treatment posle primene Application time of herbicides: 29/5/15, growth stages of SORHA (rhiz.): BBCH; SORHA (seed.): BBCH, CTM hybrid: NS 5041 ULTRA, Number of SORHA(rhiz.) shoots on untreated check: per m 2, Number of SORHA(seedlings) on untreated check: per m 2

13 Confirmed the most efficient, most flexible, most reliable and selective solution for crop in control of S. halepense resistant to ALS inhibitors and other grass weeds in CTM DUO System

14 Management of S. halepense herbicide resistance requires more knowledge and effort than just growing of cycloxydim-tolerant maize!

15 An example of reactive resistance management (crop rotation with CTM and rotation of herbicides with different sites of action) 1) Application of glyphosate after harvest of small grains + soil tillage 2) Use cycloxydim based products in CTM and/or chloroacetamides, and/or isoxaflutole, and/or tembotrione. 3) Application of chloroacetamides in dicots (e.g. sunflower, soybean) to control S. halepense seedlings

16 Reliability Cycloxydim is more reliable in weed control when compared to alternatives in maize, which is especially expressed in stress weather conditions (extreme temperatures, drought, large weeds, etc.). ( very dry spring)

17 Efficient control of perennial grass weeds in maize using cycloxydim, has positive long-term effects on subsequent crops.

18 Cycloxydim and CTM are ideal solution for control grass weeds in crops combined with maize (beans, etc.)..

19 Challenges Underutilized potential of DUO system. Insufficient stimulated breeding and number of hybrids on the market. Controll of volunteers could be problematic. Overuse can select ACC-ase resistant grasses (e.g. SORHA ).

20 The reaction of maize hybrids NS 640 with and without genes responsible for tolerance to cycloxydim Treatment Crop injury (%) 14 DAT Crop injury (%) 30 DAT Rate g ai ha -1 NS 640 NS 640 Ultra NS 640 Ultra NS 640 NS 640 Ultra NS 640 Ultra susceptible heterozygous homozygous susceptible heterozygous homozygous Untreated check 0 c 0 m 0 g 0 f 0 h 0 f Cycloxydim b 0 m 0 g 25 d 0 h 0 f a 0 m 0 g 62 c 0 h 0 f a 0 m 0 g 99 a 0 h 0 f a 0 m 0 g 100 a 0 h 0 f a 4 hij 0 g 100 a 5 h 0 f a 56 a-d 3 efg 100 a 55 c 5 e Fluazifop-p-butyl a 2 jkl 0 g 80 bc 0 h 0 f a 10 gh 2 fg 92 ab 7 gh 0 f a 37 b-e 3 efg 100 a 33 d 3 e a 64 abc 20 c 100 a 57 c 17 d Clethodim a 13 fg 1 fg 70 c 15 e-h 0 f a 49 a-d 17 d 100 a 53 c 16 d a 95 a a 85 b 59 ab Propaquizafop a 97 a 94 a 100 a 94 a 80 a b 0 lm 0 g 25 d 0 h 0 f a 0 lm 0 g 100 a 0 h 0 f a 3 ijk 1 g 100 a 3 h 0 f a 25 def 3 efg 100 a 22 ef 1 f Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl a 0 lm 0 g 79 bc 3 h 0 f a 99 a 1 klm 4 hij 0 g 0 g 99 a 100 a 1 h 2 h 0 f 0 f a 17 efg 0 g 100 a 11 fgh 0 f Quizalofop-p-tefuryl b 91 a 0 lm 0 m 0 g 0 g 28 d 98 a 2 h 0 h 0 f 0 f a 99 a 7 ghi 28 c-f 1 g 4 efg 100 a 100 a 4 h 23 e 0 f 0 f Tepraloxydim b 5 hij 0 g 31 d 6 gh 0 f a 99 a 15 fg 53 a-d 4 ef 18 cd 73 c 100 a 18 efg 53 c 3 e 20 cd a 83 ab 48 b 100 a 82 b 36 bc Haloxyfop-p-methyl b 0 lm 0 g 8 e 0 h 0 f a 3 ijk 0 g 91 ab 3 h 0 f a 14 fg 1 fg 100 a 8 gh 0 f a 65 abc 5 e 100 a 55 c 4 e Application date: 9/6/12, Growth stage: BBCH, DAT days after treatment

21 Conclusions The introduction of cycloxydim-tolerant maize can reduce dependence on ALS inhibiting herbicides, allowing better control of weeds that have developed resistance to these chemicals. One of the oldest herbicide-tolerant crops is becoming increasingly important in recent years and welcome by maize growers where Sorghum halepense has become resistant to ALS inhibitors. If maize growers use CTM and cycloxydim properly, this system will expand the utility of currently available herbicides and provide longterm solutions to manage resistant grass weeds to ALS inhibitors. Use of CTM should be integrated with other weed management measures to avoid the consequences of over-reliance on this technology. EWRS Working Group Herbicide Tolerant Varieties, Workshop Novi Sad, Serbia - May 29-31, 2017