Units. Temperature 32 F = 0 C. Length 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 mile = 1.61 km. Area 1 acre = ha. Weight 1 pound = 0.45 kg

Transcription

1 Germany

2

3

4

5 Volume 1 gallon = l 1 bushel = 35 l Germany Units US Temperature 32 F = 0 C Length 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 mile = 1.61 km Area 1 acre = ha Weight 1 pound = 0.45 kg

6 Climate

7 G

8 G

9 G

10 Commodity Quantity Value (000 US$) Unit value (US$) 1 Cheese (Whole Cow Milk) Mt Wine Mt Food Prepared nes Mt Coffee, Green Mt Soybeans Mt Pastry Mt Chocolate Products nes Mt Tobacco Leaves Mt Fruit Prepared nes Mt Pigmeat Mt Bananas Mt Beverages Dist Alcoholic Mt Pork Mt Tomatoes Mt Cake of Soya Beans Mt Beef and Veal,Boneless Mt Pet Food Mt Apples Mt Chillies&Peppers, Green Mt Chicken Meat Mt FAO German Import 200

11 Commodity Quantity Value (000 US$) Unit value (US$) 1 Cheese (Whole Cow Milk) Mt Cigarettes Mt Pastry Mt Chocolate Products nes Mt Food Prepared nes Mt Beer of Barley Mt Cow Milk, Whole, Fresh Mt Beverages Non-Alcoholic Mt Pigmeat Mt Wheat Mt Beef and Veal Mt Beef and Veal,Boneless Mt Pork Mt Sugar Confectionery Mt Wine Mt Dry Skim Cow Milk Mt Food Wastes Mt Coffee Extracts Mt Sugar Refined Mt Beverages Dist Alcoholic Mt FAO German Export 200

12 G

13 Plant Production

14 G

15 G

16 G

17 G

18 Acreage of maize cultivation in Germany thousand ha 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 grain maize potato clover, alfalfa forage maize turnip 0, Year AEM APZ Kap 7 18

19 G

20 Breeding objectives silage maize Quality energy concentration feeding value: ear : stover ratio stover digestability dry matter concentration enhances intake AEM APZ Kap 7 20

21 Breeding objectives in maize Source: Beschreibende Sortenliste (1999), BSA AEM APZ Kap 7 21

22 Yield improvement - example: U.S. maize Breeding vs. Cultivation Source -% Schuster Duisk Russel 1984 AEM APZ Source: Lamkey and Edwards (1998)

23 Yield improvement - example: winter wheat in Germany q/ha Breeding vs. Cultivation Source -% Jensen Silvey Schuster et al Schmidt Kuhr et al Mean Improved varieties and cultivation practices resulted in a yield increase of 380 % over a century 10 0 Time period AEM APZ

24 Yields of winter wheat in Germany from : joint action of breeding and cultivation practices Phases of development: Yield (q/ha) AEM APZ Source: Fischbeck, (1995) Varieties Varieties Fertilizer Fertilizer Growth regulator Varieties Fertilizer Growth regulator Fungicides

25 Comparison of old and new wheat varieties % Wheat 44% Wheat Spelt (1960) (1990) Harvest index % 44% Biomass (q/ha) Seeds Straw Organic waste Roots AEM APZ Tasilo ( ) Schernauer ( ) Caribo ( ) Kronjuwel ( ) Sources: Fischbeck (1985) Kübler (1994) N uptake (kg/ha)

26 Quality improvement - example: baking quality AEM APZ 01 26

27 Quality improvement - example: baking quality Variation in baking quality is strongly influenced by amount and composition certain proteins Storage proteins 80% SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Presence of certain bands is important for baking quality and can be used for selection (=) biochemical markers AEM APZ HMW-GS LMW-GS Gliadins viscosity 20 : 80 Glutenins elasticity viscosity Source: LBP, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau Functional and other proteins 20%

28 Rye: A population variety

29 Breeding of line cultivars example: barley AEM APZ04 29

30 AEM APZ04 30 Malting quality

31 Barley production in Germany Area total (mill. ha): 2.2 Production total (mill. t): 12.1 Production t/ha: 5.3 (spring forms: yield % less) AEM APZ04 31 Winter barley Spring barley

32 Quality improvement - example: rapeseed Product Problem Selection E G Current varieties Rape oil 55 % 1 Mutant without 0 Eruic acid eruic acid Rape cake Glucosin- Polish variety olates 2 with low % G 0 + = 00 Canola 1 : damages the heart muscle and causes other health problems AEM APZ : causes toxic metabolites, bad feed conversion and health problems

33 Source: FAO Yearbooks Acreage of rapeseed Year in 1000 ha GB BRD FR CANADA AEM APZ 01 33

34 Reduction of labor - example: sugar beet Labor requirements in sugar beet production: 1950: 400 man hours per ha 2000: >30 man hours per ha AEM APZ 01 34

35 Quality improvement - example: sugar beet 2 % Mass selection based on individual plants 1856 L. de Vilmorin introduces progeny testing 1890 Refractometer used for large-scale assay of sugar AEM APZ % 10 % 12 % Sugar content in sugar beet 15 % 18 % 18 % A.S. Marggraf, physicist, demonstrated the presence of sugar in mangel (= Mangold) and red beet 1787 F.C. Achard starts selection for sugar content; his base material: mangel x beet weiße schlesische Zuckerrübe content Example of an industrialized crop

36 Agricultural Research - 9 Universities, Additional Colleges - Max-Planck Institutes - 6 Blue-List Institutes - Ministry Research - Fraunhofer

37 Agricultural Research ml EN/Home/homepage node.html nnn=tr ue

38 Products

39 Einbeck

40 Questions? Thomas Lübberstedt 1204 Agronomy Hall Phone: Mail: