Agricultural Prices. April Prices Received Index Decreased 2.2 Percent

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1 Agricultural Prices ISSN: Released May 30,, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Prices Received Index Decreased 2.2 Percent The Prices Received Index (Agricultural Production), at 92.8, decreased 2.2 percent from March. At 88.0, the Crop Production Index increased 0.6 percent. The Livestock Production Index, at 95.8, decreased 4.0 percent. Producers received higher prices for broilers, milk, corn, and hay but lower prices for market eggs, cattle, lettuce, and hogs. Compared with a year earlier, the Prices Received Index is down 3.1 percent. The Crop Production Index decreased 3.1 percent and the Livestock Production Index decreased 3.7 percent. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by the volume change of commodities producers market. Increased monthly movement of milk, oranges, strawberries, and broilers offset the decreased marketing of corn, cattle, soybeans, and hay. The Food Commodities Index, at 96.0, decreased 3.8 percent from the previous month and decreased 4.9 percent from. Prices Paid Index Down 0.4 Percent The Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.6, is down 0.4 percent from March but up 1.7 percent from. Lower prices for feeder cattle, wage rates, feeder pigs, and milk cows more than offset higher prices for hay & forages, complete feeds, diesel, and feed concentrates. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base United States: with Comparisons Index Group March (percent) (percent) (percent) Prices received by farmers Prices paid by farmers Ratio of prices received to prices paid

2 Contents Prices Received by Farmers... 3 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base United States: with Comparisons... 4 Prices Received Indexes, Base United States: with Comparisons... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups United States: and... 4 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups United States: and... 5 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits United States: with Comparisons... 6 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock United States: with Comparisons... 7 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month United States: with Comparisons... 8 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month United States: with Comparisons... 8 Prices Received for All Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons... 9 Prices Received for Winter Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons... 9 Prices Received for Durum Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Spring Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Oats States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for All Barley States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Malting Barley States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Feed Barley States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Sorghum Grain States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Corn States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Soybeans States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Dry Beans States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Sunflower States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Canola States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Flaxseed States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Hay by Type States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Apples States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization States and United States: Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization States and United States: March Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization States and United States: Prices Received for All Milk States and United States: with Comparisons Prices Received for Milk Cows States and United States: with Comparisons Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price United States: with Comparisons Commodity Parity Prices United States: with Comparisons Market Year for Specified Commodities Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received States and United States: Marketing Years Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type States and United States: Marketing Years Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Prices Paid by Farmers Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios United States: with Comparisons Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components United States: with Comparisons Feed Price Ratios United States: with Comparisons Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios United States: with Comparisons Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock United States: with Comparisons Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average United States: Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Information Contacts Agricultural Prices (May )

3 Prices Received by Farmers The Prices Received Index for agricultural production is 92.8 percent of its 2011 base, down 2.2 percent from the March index and 3.1 percent from the index. Crop production: The index, at 88.0, is 0.6 percent higher than March but 3.1 percent lower than. The increases in the grain & oilseed and other crop indexes more than offset the decreases in the vegetable & melon and fruit & tree nut indexes. Grain and oilseed: The index, at 69.5, is up 1.6 percent from March and 8.1 percent from. Both feed grain and food grain indexes are higher than previous month. Feed grain: The index, at 59.9, increased 1.7 percent from last month and 4.4 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $3.58 per bushel, is up 7 cents from last month and 15 cents from. At $6.12 per cwt, sorghum grain is 12 cents above March and $1.22 above a year earlier. Food grain: At 78.8, the index for is up 2.6 percent from the previous month and 24 percent from a year ago. The price for all wheat, at $5.29 per bushel, is 19 cents higher than March and $1.13 higher than. Oilseed: At 79.1, the index for is unchanged from March but 5.9 percent higher than. The soybean price, at $9.83 per bushel, is 2 cents higher than March and 50 cents higher than a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The index, at 120.7, is down 3.0 percent from March but up 8.8 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during for strawberries, lemons, and oranges more than offset price increases for grapefruit. Vegetable and melon: At 95.3, the index for decreased 19 percent from the previous month and 40 percent from. Price decreases in for lettuce, tomatoes, cauliflower, and broccoli more than offset price increases for onions, celery, and sweet corn. Other crop: The index, at 81.5, is up 2.1 percent from the previous month and 3.7 from percent. The all hay price, at $162 per ton, is $14 higher than March and $19 higher than. At 66.7 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 1.0 cent lower than March and 2.6 cents lower than. Livestock production: The index for, at 95.8, decreased 4.0 percent the previous month and 3.7 percent from a year earlier. Compared with a year ago, prices are higher for market eggs, broilers, and calves. Prices for cattle, milk, turkeys, and hogs are lower than a year earlier. Meat animal: At 96.3, the index decreased 5.4 percent from the previous month and 7.3 percent from a year earlier. At $45.30 per cwt, the hog price is $4.70 lower than March and $3.10 lower than a year earlier. The beef cattle price of $ per cwt is $6.00 lower than the previous month and $9.00 lower than. Dairy: The index for, at 78.6, is up 1.3 percent from the previous month but down 4.3 percent from a year ago. The all milk price of $15.80 per cwt is 20 cents higher than March but 70 cents lower than. Poultry and egg: At 129.4, the index decreased 7.7 percent from March but increased 24 percent from. The market egg price, at $1.01 per dozen, is 94.0 cents lower than March but 63.2 cents higher than. The broiler price, at 65.0 cents per pound, is 5.0 cents higher than March and 8.0 cents higher than a year ago. At 50.0 cents per pound, the turkey price is 0.1 cents higher than the previous month but 16.6 cents lower than. Agricultural Prices (May ) 3

4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base United States: with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at Index Group Agricultural production... Crop production... Grain and oilseed... Feed grain... Food grain... Oilseed... Fruit and tree nut... Vegetable and melon... Other crop Base March (percent) (percent) (percent) Livestock production... Meat animal... Cattle... Hog... Dairy... Poultry and egg Food commodity Prices Received Indexes, Base United States: with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at Index Group Agricultural production... Crop production... Livestock production Base March (percent) (percent) (percent) Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups United States: and [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Month January... February... March May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December... Agricultural production Crop production 2011 Base Livestock production Food commodities (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) Agricultural Prices (May )

5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups United States: and [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Month January... February... March May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December... All items (PPITW) Production 2011 Base Crop sector Livestock sector (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) Agricultural Prices (May ) 5

6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits United States: with Comparisons Commodity 2011 Base Price March Field crops Austrian winter peas... dollars/cwt Barley, all... dollars/bushel Feed... dollars/bushel Malting... dollars/bushel Beans, dry edible... dollars/cwt Canola... dollars/cwt Chickpeas, all... dollars/cwt Large... dollars/cwt Small... dollars/cwt Corn... dollars/bushel Cotton, Upland... dollars/pound Cottonseed...dollars/ton Flaxseed... dollars/bushel Hay, all, baled...dollars/ton Alfalfa...dollars/ton Other...dollars/ton Lentils... dollars/cwt Oats... dollars/bushel Peanuts, in-shell... dollars/pound Peas, dry edible... dollars/cwt Rice, all... dollars/cwt Long... dollars/cwt Medium and short... dollars/cwt Sorghum grain... dollars/cwt Soybeans... dollars/bushel Sunflowers, all... dollars/cwt Wheat, all... dollars/bushel Winter... dollars/bushel Durum... dollars/bushel Other spring... dollars/bushel Hard red winter... dollars/bushel Soft red winter... dollars/bushel Hard red spring... dollars/bushel White... dollars/bushel Fruits Citrus, equivalent on-tree Grapefruit... dollars/box Lemons... dollars/box Oranges... dollars/box Non-citrus, fresh Apples 1... dollars/pound Grapes 1...dollars/ton Peaches 1...dollars/ton Pears 1...dollars/ton Strawberries... dollars/cwt Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Not available. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York (apples only), Pennsylvania (apples only), and Washington (apples, peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states Agricultural Prices (May )

7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock United States: with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] Commodity 2011 Base Price March Vegetables, fresh 1 Asparagus... dollars/cwt Beans, snap... dollars/cwt Broccoli... dollars/cwt Cantaloupes... dollars/cwt Carrots... dollars/cwt Cauliflower... dollars/cwt Celery... dollars/cwt Corn, sweet... dollars/cwt Cucumbers... dollars/cwt Lettuce... dollars/cwt Onions 2... dollars/cwt Potatoes... dollars/cwt Tomatoes... dollars/cwt Livestock Calves... dollars/cwt Cattle, all beef... dollars/cwt Cows 3... dollars/cwt Steers and heifers... dollars/cwt Milk cows 4... dollars/head Hogs, all... dollars/cwt Barrows and gilts... dollars/cwt Sows... dollars/cwt , , , Dairy and poultry Milk, all 5... dollars/cwt Fat test... percent Broilers, live 6... dollars/pound Eggs, all 7... dollars/dozen Market dollars/dozen Turkeys, live 9... dollars/pound Adjusted for seasonal variation Eggs, all... dollars/dozen Seasonal factor... percent Milk, all... dollars/cwt Seasonal factor... percent Not available. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Point of first sale. 2 Includes some processing. 3 Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4 Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January,, July, and October. 5 Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6 Live weight equivalent price. 7 Mid-month price. 8 Also referred to as table eggs. 9 Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis Agricultural Prices (May ) 7

8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month United States: with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Month January... February... March May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December... All wheat Corn Soybeans bushel) bushel) bushel) bushel) bushel) bushel) bushel) bushel) bushel) Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month United States: with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] Month January... February... March May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December... 1 Cows and steers & heifers. 2 Barrows & gilts and sows. Beef cattle 1 All hogs cwt) cwt) cwt) cwt) cwt) cwt) Agricultural Prices (May )

9 Prices Received for All Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons State March Arizona... Arkansas... California... Colorado... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Kansas... Michigan... Minnesota... bushel) bushel) bushel) Missouri... Montana... Nebraska... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio... Oklahoma... Oregon... South Dakota... Texas... Washington United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons State March Arkansas... California... Colorado... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Kansas... Michigan... Minnesota... Missouri... bushel) bushel) bushel) Montana... Nebraska... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio... Oklahoma... Oregon... South Dakota... Texas... Washington United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Agricultural Prices (May ) 9

10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons State March Arizona... California... Idaho... Montana... North Dakota... bushel) bushel) bushel) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Prices Received for Spring Wheat States and United States: with Comparisons State March Colorado... Idaho... Minnesota... Montana... North Dakota... Oregon... South Dakota... Washington... bushel) bushel) bushel) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Prices Received for Oats States and United States: with Comparisons State March Illinois... Iowa... Michigan... Minnesota... Montana... Nebraska... New York... North Dakota... Oregon... Pennsylvania... South Dakota... Texas... Wisconsin... bushel) bushel) bushel) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Agricultural Prices (May )

11 Prices Received for All Barley States and United States: with Comparisons State March California... Colorado... Idaho... Minnesota... Montana... North Dakota... Washington... Wyoming... bushel) bushel) bushel) United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Malting Barley States and United States: with Comparisons State March California... Colorado... Idaho... Minnesota... Montana... North Dakota... Washington... Wyoming... bushel) bushel) bushel) United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley States and United States: with Comparisons State March California... Colorado... Idaho... Minnesota... Montana... North Dakota... Washington... Wyoming... bushel) bushel) bushel) United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sorghum Grain States and United States: with Comparisons State March Arkansas... Kansas... Louisiana... Missouri... Nebraska... Oklahoma... Texas... cwt) cwt) cwt) United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Agricultural Prices (May ) 11

12 Prices Received for Corn States and United States: with Comparisons State March Alabama 1... Alaska 1... Arizona 1... Arkansas 1... California 1... Colorado... Connecticut 1... Delaware 1... Florida 1... Georgia 1... bushel) bushel) bushel) Hawaii 1... Idaho 1... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana 1... Maine 1... Maryland Massachusetts 1... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi 1... Missouri... Montana 1... Nebraska... Nevada 1... New Hampshire 1... New Jersey New Mexico 1... New York 1... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio... Oklahoma 1... Oregon 1... Pennsylvania... Rhode Island 1... South Carolina South Dakota... Tennessee... Texas... Utah 1... Vermont 1... Virginia 1... Washington 1... West Virginia 1... Wisconsin... Wyoming United States 2... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Not available. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 States added September. 2 United States price includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin Agricultural Prices (May )

13 Prices Received for Soybeans States and United States: with Comparisons State March Arkansas... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi... bushel) bushel) bushel) Missouri... Nebraska... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio... South Dakota... Tennessee... Wisconsin United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations Prices Received for Dry Beans States and United States: with Comparisons State March California... Colorado... Idaho... Michigan... Minnesota... Nebraska... North Dakota... cwt) cwt) cwt) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations Agricultural Prices (May ) 13

14 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) States and United States: with Comparisons State March Alabama... Arkansas... Florida... Georgia... Mississippi... New Mexico... North Carolina... Oklahoma... South Carolina... Texas... Virginia... pound) pound) pound) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Prices Received for Sunflower States and United States: with Comparisons State March Kansas... Minnesota... North Dakota... South Dakota... cwt) cwt) cwt) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations Prices Received for Canola States and United States: with Comparisons State March Minnesota... Montana... North Dakota... Oklahoma... cwt) cwt) cwt) United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Prices Received for Flaxseed States and United States: with Comparisons State March bushel) bushel) bushel) North Dakota United States Agricultural Prices (May )

15 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed States and United States: with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] State Alabama... Arizona... Arkansas... California... Georgia... Louisiana... Mississippi... North Carolina... Tennessee... Texas... Cotton, Upland March Cottonseed March pound) pound) pound) ton) ton) ton) United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Not available. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice United States: with Comparisons Item March Cotton, Upland Average price... dollars/pound Marketings ,000 bales , Rice, all Average price... dollars/cwt Marketings ,000 cwt , , ,008 Rice, long Average price... dollars/cwt Marketings ,000 cwt , , ,013 Rice, medium and short California Average price... dollars/cwt Other States 3 Average price... dollars/cwt United States Average price... dollars/cwt Marketings ,000 cwt 1 Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2 Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3 Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas , , ,995 Agricultural Prices (May ) 15

16 Prices Received for Hay by Type States and United States: with Comparisons State Alabama 1... Alaska 1... Arizona... Arkansas 1... California... Colorado... Connecticut 1... Delaware 1... Florida 1... Georgia 1... ton) All hay Alfalfa hay Other hay March ton) ton) ton) March ton) ton) ton) March ton) ton) Hawaii 1... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana 1... Iowa... Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana 1... Maine 1... Maryland Massachusetts 1... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi 1... Missouri... Montana... Nebraska... Nevada... New Hampshire 1... New Jersey New Mexico... New York... North Carolina 1... North Dakota... Ohio... Oklahoma... Oregon... Pennsylvania... Rhode Island 1... South Carolina South Dakota... Tennessee 1... Texas... Utah... Vermont 1... Virginia 1... Washington... West Virginia 1... Wisconsin... Wyoming United States Not available. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 States added September. 2 United States price includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming Agricultural Prices (May )

17 Prices Received for Apples States and United States: with Comparisons [Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Prices at point of first sale for other States] State California... Michigan... New York... Pennsylvania... Virginia... Washington... Apples, fresh use March pound) pound) pound) United States Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization States and United States: [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] Commodity, State, and type Grapefruit California... Florida, all... White... Red... Texas... FOB packed fresh Packinghouse door Equivalent returns On-tree All Fresh Process All Fresh Process United States Lemons Arizona... California United States Oranges California, all... Navel and miscellaneous... Valencia... Florida, all... Early and mids... Valencia... Texas, all... Early and mids... Valencia United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Agricultural Prices (May ) 17

18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization States and United States: March [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] Commodity, State, and type Grapefruit California... Florida, all... White... Red... Texas... FOB packed fresh Packinghouse door Equivalent returns On-tree All Fresh Process All Fresh Process United States Lemons Arizona... California United States Oranges California, all... Navel and miscellaneous... Valencia... Florida, all... Early and mids... Valencia... Texas, all... Early and mids... Valencia United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Agricultural Prices (May )

19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization States and United States: [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85] Commodity, State, and type Grapefruit California... Florida, all... White... Red... Texas... FOB packed fresh Packinghouse door Equivalent returns On-tree All Fresh Process All Fresh Process United States Lemons Arizona... California United States Oranges California, all... Navel and miscellaneous... Valencia... Florida, all... Early and mids... Valencia... Texas, all... Early and mids... Valencia United States Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate Agricultural Prices (May ) 19

20 Prices Received for All Milk States and United States: with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] State Arizona... California... Colorado... Florida... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... Kansas... Michigan... March Price Fat test Price Fat test Price Fat test cwt) (percent) cwt) (percent) cwt) (percent) Minnesota... New Mexico... New York... Ohio... Oregon... Pennsylvania... South Dakota... Texas... Utah... Vermont Virginia... Washington... Wisconsin United States Prices Received for Milk Cows States and United States: with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] State January Arizona... California... Colorado... Florida... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... Kansas... Michigan... head) head) head) 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Minnesota... New Mexico... New York... Ohio... Oregon... Pennsylvania... South Dakota... Texas... Utah... Vermont... 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Virginia... Washington... Wisconsin... 1, , , , , , , 1, , United States... 1, , , Agricultural Prices (May )

21 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price United States: with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] Commodity and unit Basic commodities All wheat... bushel Rice... cwt Corn... bushel Cotton Upland... pound American Pima... pound Peanuts... pound Small chickpeas 1... cwt Large chickpeas 1... cwt Lentils 1... cwt Adjusted base price Parity price March Price as percent of parity March (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (percent) (percent) (percent) Designated non-basic All milk, to plants 2... cwt Honey, extracted 3... pound Wool and mohair Wool... pound Mohair... pound Other non-basic Apples, fresh 4... pound Barley... bushel Canola... cwt Cottonseed... ton Dry edible beans... cwt Flaxseed... bushel Oats... bushel Potatoes, fresh... cwt Sorghum grain... cwt Soybeans... bushel Sunflower, all... cwt Citrus (equivalent on-tree) Grapefruit... box Lemons... box Oranges... box Livestock and poultry Beef cattle... cwt Broilers... pound Calves... cwt Eggs 2... dozen Hogs... cwt Turkeys, live... pound Parity prices began January Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3 Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states Agricultural Prices (May ) 21

22 Commodity Parity Prices United States: with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] Commodity and unit Field crops and miscellaneous Hops... pound Mustard seed... cwt Rapeseed... cwt Rye... bushel Safflower... cwt Spearmint oil... pound Sweet potatoes... cwt Adjusted base price Parity price March (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) Tobacco Flue-cured, pound Fire-cured, pound Burley, pound Maryland, pound Dark air-cured, pound Pennsylvania seedleaf, pound Non-citrus fruit Apples, processing ton Apricots Fresh 3... ton Dried (California)... ton Avocados ton Cherries Sweet... ton Tart 2... pound Cranberry barrel Dates (California) 3... ton , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Grapes (California) Raisin variety 5... ton Wine, processing... ton Kiwifruit 2... ton Nectarines, fresh (California) 3... ton Olives, canning (California) 4... ton , , , , , , , , , , , , , , See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued 22 Agricultural Prices (May )

23 Commodity Parity Prices United States: with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] Commodity and unit Non-citrus fruit - continued Papayas (Hawaii)... pound Peaches Fresh ton Dried (California) ton Processing, excludes dried Clingstone (California) 4... ton Adjusted base price Parity price March (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) , , , , , , , , Pears, Fresh 6... ton Plums (California) equivalent on-tree Fresh 7... ton Prunes, dried (California) ton Strawberries Fresh pound Processing... pound Sugar crops Sugar beets ton Sugarcane ton , , , , , , , , , Tree nuts 9 Almonds... pound Hazelnuts... ton Pistachios... pound Walnuts... ton , , , , , , Vegetables, fresh 10 Carrots cwt Cauliflower cwt Celery cwt Honeydew melons... cwt Lettuce... cwt Onions cwt Tomatoes... cwt Not available. 1 Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2 Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3 Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4 Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5 Dried basis. 6 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 7 Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8 Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9 Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10 FOB shipping point price. 11 Includes some processing Agricultural Prices (May ) 23

24 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Tobacco, Dark Air-cured: December 1 to February 28 for the United States and all States Tobacco, Flue-cured: July 1 to November 30 for the United States and all States Tobacco, Fire-cured: December 1 to March 31 for the United States; January 1 to March 31 for Kentucky and Tennessee; December 1 to January 31 for Virginia Tobacco, Light Air-cured: November 1 to May 31 for the United States; November 1 to February 28 for Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; March 1 to May 31 for Pennsylvania Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received States and United States: Marketing Years State Connecticut 1... Georgia... Kentucky... Massachusetts 1... North Carolina... Ohio 1... Pennsylvania... South Carolina... Tennessee... Virginia... (Dollars per Pound) (Dollars per Pound) (Dollars per Pound) Other States United States... - Represents zero. Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Not available. 1 Estimates discontinued in Includes data withheld from discontinued states Agricultural Prices (May )

25 Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type States and United States: Marketing Years Class and Type Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) Georgia... North Carolina... South Carolina... Virginia... (Dollars per Pound) (Dollars per Pound) (Dollars per Pound) United States Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) Kentucky... Tennessee... Virginia United States Class 3A, Light air-cured Type 31, Burley Kentucky... North Carolina... Ohio 1... Pennsylvania... Tennessee... Virginia United States Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt Pennsylvania Total light air-cured (31-32) Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) Kentucky... Tennessee United States Class 4, Cigar filler Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf Pennsylvania Class 5, Cigar binder Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf Connecticut 1... Massachusetts 1... United States... Class 6, Cigar wrapper Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown Connecticut 1... Massachusetts 1... United States... Other cigar types (51-61) Total cigar types (41-61) All tobacco United States... Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Not available. 1 Estimates discontinued in Beginning in 2016, estimates only include Class 4 Cigar Filler Agricultural Prices (May ) 25

26 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure and consistency with the required series. Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current base reference period to 2011; linked the series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also the modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. 26 Agricultural Prices (May )