Typical Nutrient Concentration. What s so good about manure? Value Based on Fertilizer Price. Manure Value and Alteration of Composition

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1 Grow-Finish Educational Series A world of knowledge brought directly to you Manure Value and Alteration of Composition Thank you for participating in PorkBridge To start the presentation, advance one slide by pressing enter or the down or right arrow key. To see any of the rest of the materials on this CD, click on the title of the resource. John A. Lory, Ph.D Division of Plant Sciences Commercial Agriculture Program LoryJ@missouri.edu Laboratory Analysis of Manure eq0215.pdf Hog Manure-Wastewater Management eq349.pdf Manure primer.pdf John Lory s Web site: What s so good about manure? Nutrients: - Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potash - Micronutrients Soil conditioners: - Lime - Organic matter 2 Typical Nutrient Concentration Source units N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Pig Slurry lbs/1000 gal Pig Effluent lbs/acre-in Poultry Litter lbs/ton Beef Feedlot lbs/ton Dairy Slurry lbs/1000 gal Secondary Nutrients with 150 lbs of N Source units Ca Mg S Zn Na Pig Slurry lbs Pig Effluent lbs Poultry Litter lbs Beef Feedlot lbs Dairy Slurry lbs Value Based on Fertilizer Price Source units N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Sum Pig Slurry $/1000 gal Pig Effluent $/acre-in Poultry Litter $/ton Beef Feedlot $/ton Dairy Slurry $/1000 gal N:$0.50; P 2 O 5 :$0.30; K 2 O:$ For comparison: Corn (150 bu) lbs Calculations based on providing crop 150 lbs or plant available N. Assume surface application for solid manure and injection for liquid manure.

2 Value Based on Fertilizer Price Source units N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Sum Pig Slurry $/1000 gal Pig Effluent $/acre-in Poultry Litter $/ton Beef Feedlot $/ton Dairy Slurry $/1000 gal N:$0.60; P 2 O 5 :$0.82; K 2 O:$ Organic Matter added with 150 lbs of N Source Rate %TS OM added (lbs) Poultry Litter 3.5 tons 70 3,500 Beef Feedlot 10 tons 67 4,200 Dairy Slurry 7,800 gal. 8 3,400 Pig Slurry 3,000 gal. 9 1,600 Pig Effluent 1.3 acre-in For comparison: Plow layer soil 0.5% OM 10,000 lb/a OM Plow layer soil 2.5% OM 50,000 lb/a OM Calculations based on providing crop 150 lbs or plant available N. Assume surface application for solid manure and injection for liquid manure. Value your manure If you value manure you will work to keep it where it belongs. 8 9 What do I need to do to extract full value for my manure? Manure as Fertilizer: Rules for Success Analyze manure Estimate nutrient availability Spread target rate Uniform spread pattern Effective use of manure as a fertilizer starts with a quality estimate of nutrient content.

3 Total Nitrogen (lb/acre-in) Nutrient Concentration: Lagoons Swine Swine Swine Swine Dairy Dairy Day of the Year 12 How to Sample Dip samples from the top 18 inches from at least six points around the edge of the lagoon 13 Avoid surface sludge both large 14 and and small. 15 Sampling Slurries 16 Sampling Slurries 17

4 Other pointers Mix sample well Put a representative sub-sample in a sealed container (only need a couple cups for the lab). A plastic bottle that seals well is a good choice. Label the sample clearly Do not let the sample overheat before sending to the lab. Freezing is not needed if you send it that day. Do not send the sample where it will sit in the mail over the weekend. 18 What to test for: Total Nitrogen (TKN) Ammonium Nitrogen (Ammonia N) Phosphorus Potassium Moisture Content Where to get manure tested 22 Nutrient availability 23

5 24 Example: Swine slurry 50 lbs/1000 gal. total N 33 lbs/1000 gal. ammonium N 42 lbs/1000 gal. phosphate 30 lbs/1000 gal. potash 25 Availability of Excreted Nutrients: Slurry Systems ~ 55-70% of land applied N available to the crop. 100% of manure phosphate and potash available to the crop. Photo by Dave Stephens Surface Applied Swine Manure 26 Source: Purdue University s Manure Nutrient Availability Calculator (Joern and Hess, 2007). Estimate of available nutrients State Nitrogen Phosphate Potash lbs per 1000 gallons Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Ohio Wisconsin What What makes fertilizer valuable? Predictability 29 Injection increases predictability Only apply where needed To maximize value the pick fields that need N, P and K Picture from Peter Scharf

6 What makes fertilizer valuable? Uniformity 30 Soil Test P (lbs/acre) 31 Strips are gaps in application pattern Picture from Peter Scharf P_krig_poly.shp 0-15 (VL) (L) (M) (H) (VH) (VH) (VH) Umcdariy lake1 sspts results shp MU Dairy: Boone Co Limitations of a traveling gun from Inadequately spaced risers. Is this fertilization or waste disposal? Resources for Calibration 34 Operation Impacts on Irrigation Based Application 35 MU Guidesheet EQ 383 Land Application Equipment for Livestock and Poultry Manure Management MU Guidesheet WQ 213 Calibrating Manure Spreaders Irrigation/traveling gun lane overlap/lane spacing Pressure fluctuation/changes at irrigator Elevation changes of applicator Changes in length of hose/pipe between pump and applicator Nozzle size MU Guidesheet EQ 327 Calibration of Lagoon Irrigating Equipment

7 Operation Impacts on Dragline Based Application 36 Operation Impacts on Tanker Based Application 37 System monitoring flow meter on applicator or pressure gauge? Tanker fill variation Tractor ground speed changes Pressure Flow Fluctuations Changes in length of hose/pipe between pump and applicator Elevation changes Tractor ground speed Injector issues Injection Issues Knife versus shoe injector (closure) Soil type and condition impacts Terrain Contour versus other orientation Injector issues What makes fertilizer valuable? Predictability Injection increases predictability 38 What makes fertilizer valuable? Injection to increase predictability and N content. Based on known nutrient content (manure testing). Applied to crops that need N, P and K. Apply on your fields to reduce your fertilizer bill. 39 Manure as Fertilizer: Rules for Success Analyze manure Estimate nutrient availability Spread target rate Uniform spread pattern 40 Nutrient Balance Concept Inputs Managed Outputs 41

8 Nutrient Balance Concept 42 Nutrient Balance Concept: Animal Scale 43 Inputs Scale Animal* Barn* Field* Farm* Region Managed Outputs As a pig grows from 45 to 280 lbs. 44 Nutrients retained by Pigs on Feed Diet Pig Fed 14.8 lbs N 2.5 lbs P 3.7 lbs K Pig retention? Excreted? N content (g/pig) P content (g/pig) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Sutton: y = 23.8x M&S: y = 21.2x Sutton Mahan and Sheilds Sutton: y = 4.84x M&S: y = 4.34x Sutton Mahan and Sheilds Live Weight (kg) K content (g/pig) M&S: y = 0.83x M ahan and Sheilds Live Weight (kg) Nutrient retention rate N: 22.0 g/kg = lbs/lb live wt P: 4.5 g/kg = lbs/lb live wt K: 0.8 g/kg = lbs/lb live wt As a pig grows from 45 to 280 lbs Diet Pig Fed 14.8 lbs N 2.5 lbs P 3.7 lbs K Pig retention 5.1 lbs nitrogen 1.1 lbs phosphorus 0.2 lbs potassium Excreted 9.7 lbs N 1.4 lbs P 3.5 lbs K Pigs are inefficient with nutrients Excrete ~65% consumed N Excrete ~57% consumed P Excrete ~95% consumed K 46 Pig Fed 156,300 lbs N 60,000 lbs P 2 O 5 47,600 lbs K 2 O 4800 G-F Barn 1 year Manure 102,400 lbs N 33,600 lbs P 2 O 5 45,000 lbs K 2 O Exported in animal 47 53,900 lbs nitrogen 26,400 lbs phosphate 2,700 lbs potash

9 Slurry Systems N loss from barns 48 Plant Availability of Nutrients - ~67% of nitrogen in injected slurry - 100% of phosphate and potash 49 N loss from Slurry tank Corn-bean rotation Nitrogen losses: ~30% Phosphorus losses: 0 Potash losses: 0 Yield goal: 150 bu/ac corn 40 bu/ac soybean Nutrient need/removal (two-year rotation): 120 lbs nitrogen/acre 80 lbs/acre phosphate 90 lbs/acre potash Pig Fed 156,300 lbs N 60,000 lbs P 2 O 5 47,600 lbs K 2 O 4800 G-F Barn Exported in animal 53,900 lbs nitrogen 26,400 lbs phosphate 2,700 lbs potash 50 4,800 grow-finish operation Land needs Slurry operation 170 bu/a corn - 60 bu/a soybean ~650 acres 51 Manure 102,400 lbs N 33,600 lbs P 2 O 5 45,000 lbs K 2 O Losses, storage and handling 54,400 lbs nitrogen 150 bu/a corn - 40 bu/a soybean ~800 acres Fertilizer 48,000 lbs N 33,600 lbs P 2 O 5 45,000 lbs K 2 O 50% of the land in each crop. Apply manure to the corn phase of the rotation. 4,800 grow-finish operation Manure nutrients 52 We Keep Getting More Efficient at Raising Pigs. 53 N P2O5 K2O $/year N-P-K value 28,900 9,800 33,800 Fertilizer value: $0.60/lb N; $0.30/lb P 2 O 5 ; $0.75/lb K 2 O

10 We Keep Getting More Efficient at Raising Pigs. Grow-Finish Diet Summary: lbs Diet Early 2000 MU diet 2007 KSU, phytase added MU, phytase added F/G ADG (lb/d) CP (%) P (%) K (%) Pigs are Excreting Fewer Nutrients. Diet Early 2000 MU diet 2007 KSU, phytase added 2008 MU, phytase added Excreted Nutrients N P 2 O 5 K 2 O (lb/pig) 13.8 (lb/pig) 8.1 (lb/pig) Reduction (%) Reduction (%) Acres Fertilized by Manure Value Injected Slurry 1000 pig space Bld. 56 Acres Fertilized by Manure Value Injected Slurry 1000 pig space Bld. 57 Area fertilized 1 Diet Early 2000 MU diet N-based P-based (Acres/yr/1000 pigs) Manure value: $6,337 (2000 fertilizer prices) 2000 diet 135 acres 2007 KSU, phytase added MU, phytase added Change (%) diet 95 acres Manure value: $14,090 (2008 fertilizer prices) Extra fertilizer need: $5,914 (2008 fertilizer prices) 1 Based on Corn (150 bu/a) Soybean (40 bu/a) rotation 2008 Net Manure Value: $8,177 N-based Application 58 Questions