Oat Breeding Newsletter. September Kerry-Lee with the pollen parents in the birdproof enclosure at the Waite in August

Transcription

1 Oat Breeding Newsletter September 2014 Kerry-Lee with the pollen parents in the birdproof enclosure at the Waite in August Compiled by Sue Hoppo and Pamela Zwer for the National Oat Breeding Program: Pamela Zwer (SARDI) Sue Hoppo (SARDI) Peter McCormack (SARDI) Mahalakshemi Mahadaven (SARDI) Michelle Williams (SARDI) Mark Hill (SARDI) Peter Wheeler (SARDI) KerryLee McMurray (SARDI) John Sydenham (DAFWA) Joe Naughton (DAFWA) Max Karopoulos (DAFWA) In conjunction with: SARDI New Variety Agronomy Group SARDI Gene Function Group SARDI Field Crops Pathology Statistics for the Australian Grain Industry (SAGI) NVT Program DAFWA NVT and Agronomy Group Australian Cereal Rust Control Program (ACRCP) Funded by: SARDI/PIRSA DAFWA GRDC RIRDC SAGIT Uncle Tobys Company AEXCO Pty Ltd Supported by: Oat grower co-operators across Australia Grains Industry Western Australia Oat Committee (GIWA) Australian Fodder Industry Association (AFIA)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Entries for 2014 Grain Trials 2. Entries for 2014 Hay Trials 3. Breeding Program Developments 4. New varieties 5. Long term grain trial results 6. Long term hay trial results Pollen parents in the birdproof enclosure ready for crossing season photo by Kerry-Lee McMurray Editors note: Just a reminder, this newsletter should not be quoted without consent from the authors.

3 1. Entries for 2014 Grain Trials 1.1 NVT, CVT and S4 Grain Trials New in 2014 NVT trials on Eyre Peninsula in SA discontinued New NVT24 trial sown at Wagga Wagga in NSW Arthur River NVT trial discontinued New NVT trials located at Holt Rick and Wickepin Seed increase moved to Turretfield No WA NVT trials in SA National Variety Testing (NVT) trials comprising either 24 (down from 30 in 2013), 16 or 15 entries were sown at a total of 18 locations in 2014 (Table 1). This is one less location than in 2013 with the discontinuation of trials at Greenpatch and Nunjikompita and the addition of Wagga Wagga in NSW. The WA NVT trials comprised 24 or 32 entries in NVT trials with 32 entries were sown at ten locations in WA in This is one more than in The Arthur River trial was discontinued but trials were sown at the new locations of Holt River and Wickepin. NVT trials were not sown in SA because the entries were all in Stage 4 trials. Trial locations and plans can be found on the NVT website Members of the Oat Breeding Team Mark Hill and Peter Wheeler sowing single rows in the birdproof enclosure at the Waite in June. The Stage 4 grain trial decreased from 60 to 48 entries in Stage 4 grain trials were sown at five locations in SA, one location in Victoria, one location in NSW and three locations in WA (Table 2). The Stage 4 grain entries were also sown in nurseries at Manjimup to evaluate stem and leaf rust, barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and septoria resistance in WA in Stage 4 grain entries are also evaluated for CCN resistance at the Waite Campus in SA and for stem and leaf rust by the Australian Cereal Rust Control Program at Cobbitty in NSW. Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 2

4 Table 1: NVT trial locations in South Australia Victoria New South Wales Western Australia NVT 15 Crystal Brook Paskeville Waikerie NVT 24 Bordertown Frances NVT 15 Eastville NVT16 Diggora Dookie Hamilton Streatham Yarrawonga NVT 15 Wellington NVT16 Condobolin Cowra Oaklands Quandialla NVT 24 Gerogery Wagga Wagga CVT24 Cunderdin Esperance R.S Holt Rock Katanning R.S. Merriden Pingelly Rylington Park Wickepin Wongan Hills York Table 2: Stage 4 trial and nursery locations in South Australia New South Wales Western Australia Yield trials Riverton Pinery Turretfield Kybybolite Seed increase Turretfield Nurseries Waite (CCN resistance) Yield trials Willbriggie irrigated trial Nurseries Rust evaluation at ACRCP Cobbitty Victoria Rutherglen Yield trials Wongan Hills Katanning Rylington Park Nurseries Manjimup (BYDV, rust & septoria) Information about the grain yield and quality of named lines is included in section 6 of this newsletter. The champion oat grain sample and winning oat hay sample at the Royal Adelaide Show Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 3

5 2. Entries for 2014 Hay Trials 2.1 Hay trials New in 2014 Hay trial sown at Finley in NSW Seed increase moved to Turretfield The Stage 5 (S5) hay trial for 2014 has 32 entries and was sown at Katanning and Wongan Hills in WA and Horsham in Victoria. For the first time this trial was also sown in NSW on an irrigated paddock at Finley. Stage 4 (S4) hay trials included the 32 entries from the S5 trial and an additional 32 entries to make a total of 64 entries. Hay and grain yield and quality assessment will be conducted at three locations in SA, two locations in Victoria, one location in NSW and one location in WA (Table 3). A hay trial for demonstration only was sown at Merredin in WA. The Stage 4 late hay trial for 2014 has increased from 24 to 32 entries and was sown at three locations in SA and one location in WA. Trials sown at Riverton and Turretfield in SA will be cut for hay yield and quality assessments and all four trials will be assessed for grain yield and grain quality. The Stage 4 entries from both the hay and late hay trials were also sown in nurseries to evaluate stem and leaf rust, BYDV and septoria resistance in WA, CCN resistance at the Waite Campus in SA and stem and leaf rust by the Australian Cereal Rust Control Program at Cobbitty in NSW. Information about the hay yield and hay quality as well as grain yield of released lines is included in section 6 of this newsletter. Table 3: Stage 5 and Stage 4 hay and late hay trial and nursery locations in 2014 South Australia Victoria Western Australia Stage 4 trials Pinery (hay & late hay) Turretfield (hay & late hay) Riverton (hay & late hay) Seed increase Turretfield Nurseries Waite Campus (CCN resistance) Stage 5 Horsham (Longrenong) Stage 4 Elmore (32 out of 64 entries cut for hay and all harvested for grain) New South Wales Stage 5 Finley Nurseries Rust evaluation at ACRCP Cobbitty Stage 5 Katanning Wongan Hills Stage 4 York Pingelly (grain only) Rylington Park (late hay grain only) Merredin (obs) Nurseries Manjimup (septoria, BYDV, stem and leaf rust) Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 4

6 3. Breeding Program Developments In March of 2014 Pamela and Peter spent two weeks in China travelling to the Provinces of Sanya, Shenzen, Guilin, Beijing and Xian in March They heard from large oat processing companies and importers that the growing demand is making it difficult for China to source sufficient oat grain within China. The SARDI delegation also spoke to researchers, and established a collaborative research project with Shaanxi Normal University to compare grain quality and sensory traits of Australian oat varieties with Chinese oat varieties. They aim to highlight the taste, processing and nutritional differences between Australian oats and China s so-called naked oat (a free threshing-like oat used mainly for flour rather than flakes). Characteristics for oat flour, oat rice and oat noodle production will be compared for naked and hulled oat varieties. While in China, Dr Zwer gave a lecture on the beta-glucan enhancement in the Australian breeding program and the potential for a germplasm exchange initiative was also explored with the oat breeding program connected to the Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Mr McCormack spoke to Chinese counterparts about Australian export hay industry and commercialisation of improved oat varieties. Left: Breakfast oat products made for the Chinese market by Quaker Oats, a subsidiary of PepsiCo. Right: Principal scientist Dr Pamela Zwer and Peter McCormack (right) at Shaanxi Normal University with colleagues from the College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science earlier this year. Below: Dr Zwer with beta-glucan supplement product made in Scandinavia (left) and other oat products made in China. In July Pamela also went to Ottawa, Canada to attend the American Oat Workers Conference (13-16 July), and also to extend discussions about future research collaborations with global company Quaker Oats, a division of PepsiCo. 3.1 Staff Changes In July we farewelled our long term casual Sarah with a lunch at Mt Lofty on a rather cold day!!! Sarah has returned to her native Canada and we wish her all the best for the future. Pictured are Michelle, Sarah and Sue at Mt Lofty for Sarah s farewell lunch Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 5

7 We also farewelled SARDI SPA leader Klaus Oldach with a lunch at the Stirling Hotel in the same month. Klaus led the molecular maker discovery program for the National Oat Breeding Program. He has returned to Germany and is leading a molecular marker program for a private breeding company. We wish him all the best for the future. Klaus with Peter McCormack and the group enjoying a farewell lunch with Klaus at the Stirling Hotel 3.2 Oat Breeding Program hits the road Members of our group have been on trips to Victoria, NSW and WA recently to inspect oat trials in these states. Peter and Sue saw hay trials at Finley, Elmore and Horsham, catching up with new trial co-operators Phil & Lynda Snowden. Mark Hill, Kerry-Lee, Pamela and Peter travelled West recently and visited trial sites at Kattanning, Pingelly, Wongan Hills and York Pictured are Rob DeGruchy from DAFWA with Kerry-Lee and Mark Hill and Pamela talking at the recent York Field Day in WA. Photos courtesy Joe Naughton, DAFWA Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 6

8 Members of the group also attended the AFIA conference in Adelaide. 3.3 Project updates Oat Pre-Breeding Project Photo from Stock Journal 14 August 2014 Dr John Harris in the Gene Function group at SARDI has provided this update of their work on this project: Sequence data for four oat bi-parental populations has been obtained. This data has been used to map QTL and design high throughput markers for one of the populations for: CCN resistance, height, early vigour, grain yield, and thousand grain weight. Work is ongoing to develop further markers for the three remaining populations. Robert Park from the University of Sydney is leading the characterisation of adult plant resistance to stem and leaf rust. They will also develop molecular markers for any resistances identified. We welcome Jeremy Roake who is working with Robert on this project. Hugh Wallwork and Ester at SARDI are trying to determine if there are different biotypes of the red leather leaf pathogen. They are also developing a method to grow the pathogen so that in the future we may be able to artificially inoculate nurseries. See section for the drought tolerance component of this project Enhancing the Grain Yield and Quality of Oat under Water Deficits project funded by SAGIT, GRDC and SARDI (Dr Mahalakshmi Mahadevan) Three drought tolerance trials were sown for the second year in 2014 at Pinery, Riverton and Turretfield. The trials consist of 32 diverse lines and varieties replicated three times. The following traits are being measured at Pinery and Riverton: early vigour, plant establishment, tiller number, leaf greenness, leaf chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, date of stem elongation, date of flowering, water soluble carbohydrates at hay cutting stage and harvest, hay yield and quality, biomass accumulation, grain yield, yield components and grain quality. Greenseeker calibration is also being conducted for NDVI values and their respective biomass using seven lines which differ in their growth habit and maturity at Riverton and Pinery. Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 7

9 There is also one shade trial sown at Turretfield. This is a split plot experiment with three varieties as main plots Mitika, Williams (WA2332) and Wintaroo, and shade treatment (fortnightly) as sub plot. Using shade as a stress, these experiments are designed to identify the critical window of stress vulnerability for yield and quality. Dr Mahalakshmi Mahadevan measuring chlorophyll with SPAD, canopy temperature with an infra-red camera and greenness with the Greenseeker Mark Hill and Peter Wheeler moving the shade frames at Turretfield in August and Pamela and Maha at the recent Hart Field Day Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 8

10 3.4 WA program developments New GRDC Funded Agronomy Project (summary courtesy Georgina Troup, DAFWA) Trial name Agronomic options for managing oat varieties for hay and grain - response to Nitrogen (N) applied and seeding rate Overview Management practices differ for hay and grain end use because of the impact on quality and yield. The question being asked is how is hay and grain quality affected in the same variety by management practices when cut for hay or harvested for grain? This trial series includes a suite of newly released and potential new release grain and oaten hay varieties differing in their end use and maturity. The varieties included are - Bannister (milling), Carrolup (dual), Williams (milling), Yallara (dual), WA02Q302-9 (dual) and (hay). These varieties have been released for medium to high rainfall areas where newly released variety Williams yielded 20% higher than commonly grown Carrolup (control). It is not known if these varieties can perform the same way in low rainfall environments. The performance of these six oats varieties will be determined at three different low rainfall locations - Holt Rock, Merredin and Cunderdin, sown at different seeding rates and with different nitrogen levels (G x E x M). Grain quality will be extensively measured for hectolitre weight, average grain weight, screenings, colour, brightness, oil and groat% and protein, while the hay quality will be measured for colour, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, metabolisable energy, fibre content (ADF and NDF) and invitro digestibility. The project Oat Agronomy and Industry Development for the Western Regions is part of DAFWA s Tactical Break Crop Agronomy project funded by GRDC ( ). The project will utilise existing information from and collaborate with the National Oat Breeding Program (NOBP), Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC), GIWA Oat Council, Australian Fodder Industry Association (AFIA), Australian Exporters Company (AEXCO) and NVT. The unique feature of this project is public-private partnership that DAFWA is developing with ConsultAg to provide extension services for the project in the key oat growing areas of WA. The oat agronomy team will include DAFWA s new Research Officer Georgie Troup based at Northam, experienced research staff Dr Raj Malik at Katanning and Blakely Paynter at Northam. Aims - Compare the responses of 6 oat varieties to changes in nitrogen application - Compare the responses of 6 oat varieties to changes in seeding rates - Determine if there are significant variety x nitrogen x seeding rate interactions - Provide information on the responsiveness of these varieties to management and the consequences for grain and hay yield and quality and overall agronomic performance - Develop management guidelines for growers and industry on the new oat varieties for grain and hay Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 9

11 DAFWA Research Officer Raj Malik sowing a phenology trial as part of the new GRDC funded Agronomy Project Oat trials at Cunderdin in 2014 NVT trial on the left and agronomic options trial on the right (photo courtesy Georgina Troup) Part of the display about our breeding program at this year s Royal Adelaide Show Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 10

12 4. New varieties The new variety Williams (WA2332) was launched in WA last year. The variety is adapted to WA, but is moving east due to improved disease resistance and grain yield potential. Williams is adapted to the medium to high rainfall regions. Williams and Bannister, released two years ago, have set a new benchmark for grain yield potential. Williams has improved disease resistance to septoria compared to other oat varieties. Grain quality is slightly lower compared to Mitika and Bannister. Williams produces high screenings when grown in low rainfall conditions. The potential new release WA02Q302-9 is being multiplied this year and will be suitable for both hay and grain end uses. WA02Q302-9 A potential new release from the National Oat Breeding Program, WA02Q302-9, is a moderately tall variety similar in height to Carrolup and Yallara. Its stand out attribute is early maturity. It is a minimum of one week earlier than any other variety released from the program. WA02Q302-9 has good standability and shattering resistance and good early vigour. Grain yield is similar to the tall varieties Carrolup and Yallara across all states and an improvement compared to tall varieties bred for hay. Grain quality for this line is excellent. WA02Q302-9 has hay yield similar to Carrolup across all states. Hay quality averaged across three states is similar to Carrolup for hay digestibility and protein, slightly higher for WSC and slightly lower for NDF and ADF. Care will need to be taken to cut this very early maturing variety at the correct growth stage. Monitoring the crop will be the key to achieving the highest hay quality. Heritage is the commercial partner for this variety and about 120kg of breeder s seed was sown this year for a commercial seed increase. Williams A (WA2332) Williams is a tall milling variety commercialised by Heritage. Williams formerly known as the breeding line, WA2332, is an early to midseason variety similar to Yallara, but three to seven days later than Mitika. Williams is 15 cm taller than Mitika, 5 cm taller than Bannister, and 15 cm shorter than Yallara. Although classified as MS for septoria, Williams has the highest level of septoria resistance compared to all other current oat varieties. It is resistant to leaf rust and depending on the stem rust pathotype present can range from moderately resistant to susceptible. Williams is resistant to bacterial blight and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible for BYDV. It is susceptible and intolerant to CCN. Williams has grain yield similar to Bannister except in the lower rainfall regions where it yielded less. Williams yielded similar to Mitika except in the Mid North where it yielded significantly more grain. Grain quality is slightly lower than Mitika. Williams has higher screenings than Mitika, Yallara, and Bannister, especially in the low rainfall regions. Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 11

13 Williams had similar hay yield compared to other hay varieties at Pinery and Turretfield, but lower hay yield at Riverton. Hay quality is also similar to hay varieties, except for slightly higher crude protein. Heritage is the commercial partner for Williams. Bannister A Bannister is a dwarf milling variety with high grain yield released for Western Australia in Bannister is suited to eastern Australia as well as Western Australia. It is adapted to low, medium, and high rainfall zones (Table 1) of southern Australia. It is 13 cm taller than Mitika and heads about 3 to 4 days later than Mitika. Seednet is the commercial partner. Bannister is resistant to leaf rust and moderately resistant to bacterial blight. It is susceptible and intolerant to CCN. Bannister has slightly lower hectolitre weight and slightly higher screenings compared to Mitika. It is similar to Mitika for groat percent. Seednet is the commercial partner for Bannister. More detailed information including yield, quality and disease resistance attributes for these lines is included in sections 5 and 6 in this newsletter. NVT oat trials at Oaklands (left) and Wellington (right). Photos courtesy Peter Matthews, NSW DPI Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 12

14 5. Long term grain trial results Results for individual NVT trials are not presented in this newsletter. However, they are incorporated into the long term performance of varieties and advanced breeding lines which are presented in this newsletter in Tables 4 to 8. Grain yield and grain quality information for individual sites is available at the NVT web site: Table 4 shows the relative yield performance of new varieties compared to existing varieties for four different states and Tables 5 to 8 show the relative yield performance of new varieties compared to existing varieties for regions with in states. Table 9 and 10 shows the relative grain quality and Tables 11, 12, and 13 show the relative disease resistance characteristics for these varieties in different regions. Care needs to be taken to look at not only grain yield but grain quality and disease resistance characteristics to determine if a variety is suitable for your region. Please note: Stem and leaf rust reactions reported for all oat varieties will vary by region due to genetic variation in the pathogen population. A pathotype that overcomes most resistance genes for stem rust is now present in southern Australia. Hence it is important to monitor oat crops for early detection of rust, so fungicide applications can be applied to control the disease. An updated analysis for grain quality was not available for this newsletter. Brochures are available for new varieties from the website, the SA and WA components of the NOBP and our commercial partners; AEXCO who commercialises the hay varieties and Seednet and Heritage who commercialise the milling and feed varieties from the SARDI node of the National Oat Breeding Program and Seednet for Bannister and Heritage Seeds for any future WA released varieties. 5.1 Grain Variety Summary Dunnart A Dunnart is a dwarf potential milling variety commercialised by Seednet. It averages about 10 to 15 cm taller than Possum, Wombat, and Mitika. Dunnart is resistant and moderately tolerant to CCN with improved resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). It is moderately resistant to leaf rust. Dunnart has slightly lower hectolitre weight and groat percent compared to Mitika, but lower screenings and higher grain weight. Dunnart has improved plant colour compared to Mitika, Possum, and Wombat. Wombat A Wombat is a dwarf milling variety that was commercialised by Seednet. It is similar in height to Possum and slightly taller than Mitika. It is a midseason variety flowering about six days later than Mitika. Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 13

15 Wombat is the first dwarf milling variety with CCN resistance and tolerance. It is also moderately tolerant to stem nematode. Wombat has high hectolitre weight and low screenings compared to the feed variety Potoroo, which was the first dwarf variety with CCN resistance and tolerance. It also has high groat percent, slightly higher than Mitika. Yallara A Yallara is a medium tall early to midseason variety similar to Euro for flowering and maturity. Yallara, released in 2009, is a milling line with slightly better grain quality than Euro but not as susceptible to stem rust. It has bright, plump grain suitable for the milling industry and specialised feed end-uses. Seednet is the commercial partner. Yallara is a Euro look alike with improved leaf rust resistance. It is resistant but intolerant to CCN. It is moderately susceptible to BYDV, bacterial blight, and septoria. Yallara is susceptible and intolerant to stem nematode and susceptible to red leather leaf. Yallara has excellent grain quality. It has high hectolitre weight, low screenings, and high groat percent. The grain is plump and bright and could suit niche markets like the horse racing industry in addition to human consumption. Yallara was evaluated for hay production and although the hay yield is lower than popular hay varieties it has excellent hay quality. Mitika A Mitika is a dwarf milling oat commercialised in 2005 by Heritage Seeds. It is earlier maturing than Possum and Echidna and this trait favours Mitika in a dry finish. Mitika is moderately resistant to leaf rust. It has improved resistance to bacterial blight and is superior to Echidna for septoria resistance. Mitika is similar to Echidna for BYDV and red leather leaf resistance. It is very susceptible and intolerant to cereal cyst nematode (CCN) and moderately intolerant of stem nematode (SN) and is not recommended in areas where either of these nematodes are a problem. Mitika has high hectolitre weight, low screenings, and high groat percent compared to Echidna. It also has higher levels of β-glucan than current varieties. Mitika also has improved feed quality with low husk lignin and high grain digestibility. Possum A Possum is a dwarf milling grain variety developed by SARDI and released with PBR in It was commercialised by Seednet, and is a replacement for Echidna in medium and high rainfall areas. Possum has similar yield to Echidna in high rainfall zones and slightly lower yield in medium rainfall zones. It has better milling quality than Echidna and has similar hectolitre weight and fewer screenings than Euro. Possum is an improvement compared to Echidna for stem rust, leaf rust, and septoria resistance. Like Echidna, Possum is susceptible to bacterial blight, moderately susceptible to BYDV and susceptible and Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 14

16 intolerant to CCN. Possum is not recommended for areas where cereal cyst or stem nematode is a problem. Possum is susceptible to red leather leaf and moderately intolerant of stem nematode. Pamela and Kerry-Lee in the greenhouse with the pollen parents sown for this years crossing program Kerry-Lee with casual helper Nalanthi crossing in the greenhouse in September Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 15

17 Table 4. Average grain yields (t/ha) in four states and the average for all states for thirteen oat varieties (2007 to 2013). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA. Analysis by SAGI. Variety State All SA VIC NSW WA Zones Bannister Carrolup (tall) Dunnart Echidna Kojonup Mitika Possum Potoroo WA02Q302-9 (tall) Wandering Williams (tall) Wombat Yallara (tall) No. trials Table 5. Average grain yields (t/ha) by site in South Australia for thirteen oat varieties (2007 to 2013). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA. Analysis by SAGI. South Australia Variety Lower Upper Yorke Mid South EP EP Peninsula North East Mallee Bannister Carrolup (tall) Dunnart Echidna Kojonup Mitika Possum Potoroo WA02Q302-9 (tall) Wandering Williams (tall) Wombat Yallara (tall) No. trials Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 16

18 Table 6. Average grain yields (t/ha) by site in Victoria for thirteen oat varieties (2007 to 2013). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA. Analysis by SAGI. Variety Victoria North Central North East South West Bannister Carrolup (tall) Dunnart Echidna Kojonup Mitika Possum Potoroo WA02Q302-9 (tall) Wandering Williams (tall) Wombat Yallara (tall) No trials Table 7. Average grain yields (t/ha) by site of New South Wales for thirteen oat varieties (2007 to 2013). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA. Analysis by SAGI. New South Wales Variety South West South East North East Bannister Carrolup (tall) Dunnart Echidna Kojonup Mitika Possum Potoroo WA02Q302-9 (tall) Wandering Williams (tall) Wombat Yallara (tall) No. trials Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 17

19 Table 8. Average grain yields (t/ha) by site for Western Australia for thirteen oat varieties (2007 to 2013). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA. Analysis by SAGI. Variety Western Australia Agzone 2 Agzone 3 Agzone 4 Agzone 6 Bannister Carrolup (tall) Dunnart Echidna Kojonup Mitika Possum Potoroo WA02Q302-9 (tall) Wandering Williams (tall) Wombat Yallara (tall) No. trials Table 9. Average physical and chemical grain quality (measured using NIR) characteristics for thirteen oat varieties (combined SA, Victoria, WA and NSW data), 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Hectolitre weight kg/hl 1000 grain weight g Screenings %<2 mm NIR Protein % NIR Oil % NIR Groat % Bannister Carrolup (tall) Dunnart Echidna Kojonup Mitika Possum Potoroo Wandering WA02Q302-9 (tall) Wombat Yallara (tall) Williams (tall) No. trials Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 18

20 Table 10. NIR measured Minolta L ( ), NIR measured estimated metabolisable energy ( ) and β-glucan ( ) characteristics for twelve oat varieties (combined SA, Victoria, WA and NSW data). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Minolta L Estimated ME MJ/kg dm Β-glucan (dry basis) Hull lignin Bannister High Carrolup (tall) High Dunnart High Echidna High Kojonup High Mitika Low Possum High Potoroo High WA02Q302-9 (tall) High Wandering High Wombat High Yallara (tall) High Williams (tall) Mod high No. trials Table 11. Stem rust and leaf rust reactions for twelve grain varieties in South Australia and Victoria and in New South Wales. SA and Victoria New South Wales Variety Stem rust 1 Leaf rust 1 Stem rust 1 Leaf rust 1 Field Field Field Field Bannister MR-S R MS-S MR-S Carrolup (tall) S VS S S-VS Dunnart MR-S MR MR-MS R-S Echidna S S S S Kojonup S VS S MS-VS Mitika MR-S R MR-S MS-S Possum MS-S MS S MS-S Potoroo S S S MS-S WA02Q302-9 (tall) S-VS R-S - - Wandering S VS S VS Wombat MS-S MS MS-S MS-S Yallara (tall) MR-S R MR-MS MS-S Williams (tall) MR-S R MR MR 1 Disease reactions from field trials conducted in SA, Victoria and New South Wales where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible. Rust reactions may vary in different regions depending on the prevailing pathotypes. None of these varieties are resistant to the Pga virulent pathotype of stem rust which can be found in New South Wales, Victoria and parts of South Australia. Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 19

21 Table 12. Stem rust, leaf rust, BYDV and septoria reactions for thirteen grain varieties in Western Australia. Western Australia Variety Stem rust 1 Leaf rust 1 BYDV 2 Septoria 1 Field Field Field Field Bannister R-MR R MS S Carrolup (tall) MS S MS S-VS Dunnart MR MR MR S Echidna S S MS S-VS Kojonup R-MS S MS S-VS Mitika MR-S R S S-VS Possum MR-S MR S S-VS Potoroo MS S MS S WA02Q302-9 (tall) MR-MS R-S MS-S S-VS Wandering MS VS MR-MS S-VS Wombat MR-S S MR S Yallara (tall) MR-MS R MR-MS MS-S Williams (tall) MR R MR-MS MS 1 Disease reactions from field trials conducted in WA where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible. Rust reactions may vary in different regions depending on the prevailing pathotypes. Table 13. Septoria, bacterial blight, CCN, stem nematode and red leather leaf (spermospora) disease reactions for thirteen grain varieties grown in South Australia and Victoria. Variety Septoria 1 Bacterial blight 1 Red leather leaf 1 CCN R 1 CCN T 2 Stem Nematode 2 Bannister - MR-S MS VS I MI Carrolup (tall) MR MR-S S S I VI Dunnart MS MR-S MS R MT MT Echidna S S MS S I MT Kojonup MR MS-S MS VS I MI Mitika S MR S VS I I Possum MS S MS-S VS I I Potoroo S VS S-VS R MT MI WA02Q302-9 (tall) MS MR-S MS R MI-MT I Wandering S MR-S MS VS I I Wombat MS MS MS R MT MT Yallara (tall) MS MR-MS MS R I I Williams (tall) - R MS S I I 1 Disease reactions where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible 2 T=tolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI=moderately intolerant, I=intolerant Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 20

22 6. Long term hay trial results Tables 14 to 21 and 24 to 26 show the long term hay yield, hay quality, grain yield, and grain quality of varieties in the hay series. Grain quality data is a simple mean for the four year period Tables for hay and grain yield and hay and grain quality by rainfall region have been deleted but tables have been added for hay quality by state. Tables 22 and 23 show the disease reactions of current and new hay varieties in SA and Victoria and in WA. Please note: Stem and leaf rust reactions reported for all oat varieties will vary by region due to genetic variation in the pathogen population. A pathotype that overcomes most resistance genes for stem rust is now present in southern Australia. Hence it is important to monitor oat crops for early detection of rust, so fungicide applications can be applied to control the diseases. For more detailed or specific information please contact the National Oat Breeding Program. The Breeding Program sincerely thanks AEXCO for their support of our breeding program. Below is the golf buggy we were able to purchase with AEXCO funds to facilitate collection of pollen for use in crossing and access to work areas for seed cleaning, seed preparation for sowing and collection of harvest results. The Oat Breeding Program s recently purchased Golf Buggy. Photo courtesy Kerry-Lee McMurray. 6.1 Hay Variety Summary Forester A Forester is a very late hay variety adapted to high rainfall and irrigated cropping regions that was released in It is seven to 10 days later than Glider, three days later than Riel, two days later than Targa, and three weeks later than Wintaroo. Forester has excellent early vigour and is an improvement compared to Glider. It has excellent lodging and shattering resistance. Forester has an excellent foliar disease resistance spectrum. It is moderately susceptible to CCN. It has good hay colour, but like all late hay varieties may not resist hot dry winds as well as earlier varieties. Forester has excellent hay quality and is an improvement compared to Glider, Tammar, Targa, and Vasse, but similar to Riel. Seed of Forester is available from AGF Seeds, Smeaton, Victoria. Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 21

23 Tammar A Tammar is a medium tall late variety that was released in 2012 and commercialised by AEXCO. It is four to seven days later than Tungoo to cut. Tammar also has an excellent disease resistance profile. It is moderately resistant to stem and leaf rust, septoria, BYDV, and bacterial blight. Tammar is the first late variety available with resistance to CCN and SN, tolerance to CCN, and moderate tolerance to SN. Tammar has improved hay quality compared to Kangaroo. It has high crude protein and hay digestibility with lower WSC than Mulgara and Brusher, but higher than Kangaroo. Mulgara A Mulgara was released in 2009 and commercialised by AEXCO. It is a tall mid season variety with excellent early vigour and good straw strength. Hay yield is lower than Wintaroo, but hay quality is better than Wintaroo. Mulgara also retains good hay colour and resists brown leaf tipping. Grain yield is similar to Wintaroo, but Mulgara has slightly better grain quality with the exception of high hull lignin. The seed size of Mulgara is larger than other hay varieties and similar to Swan. Care should be taken to sow this variety at the correct seed density taking into account its seed weight. Mulgara has excellent disease resistance. It is resistant and tolerant to CCN and SN. Compared to Wintaroo, Mulgara has improved leaf rust, bacterial blight, and red leather leaf resistance. Tungoo A Tungoo was released in However, seed was not available until 2012, due to problems with commercial seed bulk-up. It is a medium tall mid to late season variety and seed is available through AEXCO. Tungoo has an excellent disease resistance profile. It combines resistance and moderate tolerance to CCN and SN. It also is resistant to leaf rust and the only variety with red leather leaf resistance. Tungoo is moderately resistant to BYDV, septoria, and bacterial blight and moderately susceptible to stem rust. It has the best combination of disease resistance compared to all other varieties except Tammar. Hay yield is slightly lower than Kangaroo, but Tungoo s hay quality is an improvement compared to Kangaroo. Tungoo has grain quality similar to Kangaroo, but the grain size is smaller resulting in higher screenings. Tungoo has low hull lignin which improves feed grain quality. Brusher A Brusher is an early-mid season hay variety commercialised by AEXCO. Brusher is a tall line about three to seven days earlier to head than Wintaroo. It has good early vigour, but slightly less than Wintaroo. Brusher has excellent hay yield in low to medium rainfall zones and has consistently had excellent hay quality to match the yield. Brusher is an improvement compared to Wintaroo for hay quality, stem rust, leaf rust, bacterial blight and septoria resistance. It is resistant but moderately intolerant to CCN and stem nematode. Brusher has proved to be a popular variety in the earlier regions of SA, WA, and VIC. Yallara A and WAOAT302-9 See section 5.1 Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 22

24 Table 14. Average hay yield (t/ha) for twenty one oat varieties in three states during the period 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety South Australia Victoria Western Australia All States Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 23

25 Table 15. Average grain yield (t/ha) from hay trials for twenty one oat varieties in three states during the period 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety South Australia Victoria Western Australia All States Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 24

26 Table 16. Average hay yield (t/ha) for twenty oat one varieties in nine years averaged for three states. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 25

27 Table 17. Average grain yield (t/ha) from hay trials for twenty one oat varieties in nine years averaged over three states. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 26

28 Table 18. Average hay quality for twenty one oat varieties for trials conducted in three states during the period 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Digestibility WSC* ADF* NDF* Crude Protein Metabolisable Energy Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites *WSC=water soluble carbohydrates, ADF=acid detergent fibre, NDF=neutral detergent fibre Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 27

29 Table 19. Average hay quality for twenty one oat varieties in South Australia during the period 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Digestibility WSC* South Australia ADF* NDF* Crude Protein Metabolisable Energy Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 28

30 Table 20. Average hay quality for twenty one oat varieties in Victoria during the period 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Digestibility WSC* ADF* Victoria NDF* Crude Protein Metabolisable Energy Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 29

31 Table 21. Average hay quality for twenty one oat varieties in Western Australia during the period 2005 to Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, SAGI. Variety Digestibility WSC* Western Australia ADF* NDF* Crude Protein Metabolisable Energy Early Mid Season Varieties Bannister Brusher Carrolup Mulgara Swan WA02Q Wallaroo Wandering Williams Winjardie Wintaroo Yallara Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties Eurabbie Forester Glider Kangaroo Riel Tammar Targa Tungoo Vasse No. sites Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 30

32 Table 22. Disease reactions in SA and Victoria and comparative stem diameter for current and new hay variety releases. DISEASE PROFILE Variety Stem rust 1 Leaf rust 1 BYDV 1 Septoria 1 Bacterial blight 1 CCN R 1 CCN T 2 Stem Nematode R 1 Stem Nematode T 2 Red leather leaf 1 Stem diameter 3 Bannister MR-S R MS NA MR-S VS I NA MI MS M Brusher MS-S MR-MS MS MS MR-MS R MI MS I MS M Forester R-S MR-MS MR-S MR MS-S MS MI S I R-MR MT Kangaroo MS-S MS MR-S MR-MS MR-MS R MT MS MI MS MF Mulgara MS-S MR MS MS MR R MT R MT MS M Tammar MR-S MR MS MR MR MR MT R MT R-MS MF Tungoo MS-S MR MR-MS MR MR R MT R MT R M Wallaroo S S MS S S R MT MS MI MS F Wandering MR-S VS MR-MS S-VS MR-S VS I VS I MS M WA02Q302-9 S-VS R-S MS-S MS MR-S R MI/MT NA I MS M Williams MR-S R MR-MS MS R S I NA I MS MT Wintaroo S MS MR-MS MR-MS MR R MT MR MT MS M Yallara MR-S R MS MS MR-MS R I S I MS MF 1 Disease reactions where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible 2 T=tolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI=moderately intolerant, I=intolerant 3 F=fine, MF=moderately fine, MT=moderately thick, T=thick, VT=very thick (Rust and BYDV reactions may vary in different regions and with different seasonal conditions depending on the prevalent pathotype/serotype. Monitoring your oat crop is therefore essential.) Table 23. Disease reactions in WA. DISEASE PROFILE FOR HAY VARIETIES IN WA Variety Stem rust 1 Leaf rust 1 BYDV 1 Septoria 1 Bacterial blight 1 CCN R 1 CCN T 2 Red leather leaf 1 Stem diameter 3 Brusher MR-S R-MS MR-MS S-VS MR-MS R MI MS M Carrolup MS S MS S-VS MR-S S I S M Forester R R-MS MS MS-S MS-S MS MI R-MR MT Kangaroo R-S MS-S MR-S MS-S MR-MS R MT MS MF Mulgara MR-MS MR MS-S MR-S MR R MT MS M Tammar R-MR R-MR MS-S MS MR MR MT R-MS MF Tungoo MR-S R-MS MR-MS MS-S MR R MT R M Wallaroo MS-S VS MS S-VS S R MT MS F Wandering MR VS MS-S S-VS MR-S VS I MS M WA02Q302-9 MR-MS R-S MS-S S-VS MR-S R MI/MT MS M Williams MR R MR-MS MS R S I MS MT Winjardie MR-S S-VS MS-S S-VS S S I MS M Wintaroo MR S-VS MR-MS MS-S MR R MT MS M Yallara MR-MS R MR-MS MS-S MR-MS R I MS MF 1 Disease reactions where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible 2 T=tolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI=moderately intolerant, I=intolerant F=fine, MF=moderately fine, MT=moderately thick, T=thick, VT=very thick Note: Stem rust, leaf rust, BYDV & Septoria reactions are from WA trials, Bacterial blight, CCN & red leather leaf reactions are from SA trials (Rust and BYDV reactions may vary in different regions and with different seasonal conditions depending on the prevalent pathotype/serotype. Monitoring your oat crop is therefore essential.) 3 Oat Breeding Newsletter, September, 2014 Page 31