Kixor Herbicide Arms Growers with Tool to Fight Resistance

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1 Figure 1: Glyphosate-resistant weeds in the U.S. Kixor Herbicide Arms Growers with Tool to Fight Resistance David Roehm, Leesburg, Ohio, looks out over a field of soybeans one of the many fields within his 2,000 acre corn and soybean operation. Watching the marestail that has invaded by blowing in the wind, he evaluates glyphosate s effectiveness on this field. I can tell you one thing, Roehm says, Next time this field goes to soybeans, there is going to be Kixor underneath. Marestail is one of 11 glyphosate-resistant weed species that have been confirmed in 25 (17 with marestail) states throughout the United States (Figure 1). 1 Roehm s marestail situation is becoming increasingly common and he is not alone in his evaluation of glyphosate. In fact, a national BASF-commissioned poll found that nearly 60 percent of farmers are changing their weed management plans to deal with the growing problem of glyphosate resistance. Roehm presents an excellent example of the everyday threat that glyphosateresistant weeds pose. Industry experts agree that one of the best methods for fighting this problem is incorporating different modes of action into a weed management strategy. Kixor herbicide technology is a herbicide that launched in 2009 to provide growers with another mode of action to combat glyphosate resistance and get the most out of every acre. Kixor is an excellent choice for an integrated weed management program. Kixor is effective on more than 70 hard-to-control broadleaf weeds, provides fast burndown and excellent residual control, and powers a family of products that are tailored to some of the most pressing weed concerns facing growers today. Resistance by the Numbers Eleven different species of glyphosateresistant weeds are confirmed in 25 states throughout the U.S. With the threat of herbicide resistance spreading across the country, growers are taking a closer look at their management strategies to minimize the risk. 2 Growers report weeds to watch: 45% reported common lambsquarters and marestail as top weed threats. Close behind are common or giant ragweed (43%) and waterhemp (41%). Morningglory species (30%) and Palmer amaranth (26%) are also noted. Growers respond about the threat of glyphosate resistance: 40% suspect glyphosate resistance in their fields. 23% believe glyphosate resistance impacts yield. 60% are taking action against glyphosate resistance. Of those 60%, 65% will add a preemergence herbicide with residual weed control to management plans and 52% will apply a postemergence herbicide as a tank-mix partner with glyphosate. 1

2 Fight Resistance with Different Modes of Action Kixor herbicide technology offers growers a reliable answer to the growing problem of glyphosate-resistant weeds by providing another mode of action for the weed control toolbox. Kixor is the first herbicide developed from the pyrimidinedione chemistry class in North America and is designed with a novel side chain that provides exceptional crop safety, foliar and soil activity, and broad spectrum broadleaf weed control. Tolerant crops, like corn, are capable of rapidly metabolizing Kixor whereas sensitive weeds, like marestail, cannot. BASF is addressing glyphosate resistance head-on, providing growers an innovative chemistry in Kixor that is specifically designed to control the toughest broadleaf weeds facing growers today, said Dr. Dan Westberg, Technical Market Manager for BASF. As glyphosate weed resistance spreads, growers must diversify their weed management system including the use of alternate modes of action. Kixor is a potent inhibitor of chlorophyll biosynthesis resulting in rapid buildup of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes. This mode of action quickly degrades membrane integrity leading to cellular leakage and tissue necrosis, and ultimately plant death. University experts agree that employing multiple modes of action is important for glyphosate resistance management. Several existing products that have performed well through the years are now having weed resistance issues develop, and many of those resistance issues are related to broadleaf weeds, explains Dr. Thomas Bauman, Purdue University Extension Researcher. The Kixor family of products looks like it would have a potential to fill those holes when weed resistance develops. Kixor herbicide technology powers a family of unique products designed to maximize broadleaf control efficacy, providing a new weed management solution for more than 30 crops. Verdict herbicide is the only enhanced preemergence broadleaf weed herbicide for corn that is also labeled for soybeans. OpTill herbicide provides burndown and residual weed control for cleaner fields and the confidence of knowing you ll have fewer resprays, saving time and money. Sharpen herbicide gives growers the flexibility of fast, complete broadleaf burndown for more effective, timely field management. Crops: Corn (field and silage), popcorn, soybeans, grain sorghum Crops: Soybeans, dry field peas and chickpeas Crops: Corn, chickpeas, dry field peas, fallow, grain sorghum, small grain cereals, soybeans, cotton, and sunflower (harvest aid/desiccant) Key Features: Preemergence burndown and residual control in one product Broad-spectrum grass and broadleaf weed control Fewer use restrictions than atrazine Ease of use with low use rate Key Features: Broad-spectrum grass and broadleaf weed control Enhanced burndown with residual control Preplant interval flexibility Key Features: Broad-spectrum broadleaf weed control Preplant interval flexibility in a wide range of crops Fast, complete burndown 2

3 Fast, effective control of glyphosate-resistant marestail. Tips for Managing Glyphosate Resistance University experts suggest the following tips to reduce the impact of glyphosate resistance in fields. 3,6 one Begin with clean fields control weeds early with a burndown and/or preemergence application of a residual herbicide. Weed Resistance Management Strategies Good agronomic practices are essential to reducing the risk of glyphosate resistant weeds in fields. Before spraying, determine the field objectives by selecting the crop, identifying possible weed pressure risks and planning a weed management program that institutes multiple modes of action to combat glyphosate resistance. An important consideration for determining the field objectives is to also plan on the application type burndown, residual or both that delivers the best return on investment. Once the field objectives are determined, growers can work with their retailer to evaluate the Kixor family of products and select the proper product for their field. two Scout your fields regularly, identify weeds and their location in the field, and respond quickly to changes in weed populations. three Institute an integrated weed management program that employs multiple modes of action. four Follow label directions closely to achieve optimal performance pay close attention to rate and timing information. five Use other agronomic practices such as crop rotation, cultivation, and cleaning of equipment between fields that diversify your weed control options. 3

4 Beat Weeds with Burndown The University of Wisconsin extension service recommends growers utilize a burndown treatment in combination with a residual herbicide to help clean up fields and control weeds early. 3 This minimizes the impact that early-season weeds can have on yields which can be substantial. Research has shown that weeds should be controlled no later than four to six weeks after planting in corn to avoid competition. 4 Additional research shows that in soybeans, this early season weed competition poses a potential six to ten percent yield loss. 5 This treatment plan helps to manage glyphosate resistance by eliminating weeds early when they are smaller and easier to control. A residual herbicide prevents weeds from even getting established. It also makes better financial sense for most growers. If you miss weeds early, they get bigger and tougher to control, potentially requiring multiple applications, and/or higher use rates for effective control, costing more money. Kixor can manage input costs and save money by controlling weeds fast and completely at the start of the growing season, said Dr. Westberg. Kixor is proven to work three to five times faster than glyphosate and 2,4-D. Achieving a clean field early allows soils to warm up faster in the spring and limits fertilizer loss allowing growers to plant earlier, protect fertilizer investments and gain yield potential. Kixor provides additional operational efficiencies with its ability to be combined with a liquid fertilizer application eliminating a pass through the field. Kixor is also a low-use rate herbicide that delivers efficient storage, transportation and handling benefits. For example, Verdict herbicide, powered by Kixor, requires roughly a quarter of the application rate compared to most other preemergence products. This low-use rate specifically translates into only six mini-bulk tanks of product to cover 5,000 acres. Probably one of the most surprising aspects of Kixor is the rotation flexibility that a person may have, says Dr. Mike Moechnig, South Dakota State University Extension Weed Specialist. I think that would really open up some doors for people where we don t plan on extreme situations happening, but they certainly do happen, and we need rotation options. Spring vs. Fall Burndown Whether spring or fall, a burndown application of Kixor herbicide technology helps increase yield potential and operational efficiencies, and provides good resistance management. To determine the proper timing of your burndown application Select a Fall Burndown with Kixor if: An early harvest presents an opportunity to spread out spring fieldwork Tough-to-control winter annual weeds are an issue Greater flexibility during spring planting is needed Weed pressures are threatening fertilizer investments Flexibility is desired to adapt cropping plans in order to take advantage of weather and market opportunities Select a Spring Burndown with Kixor if: Facing a compressed spring due to a late harvest Quick, effective weed control is needed to prepare for planting Wet, cold conditions caused a fertilizer application to be missed in the fall Additional operational efficiencies are needed or desired Kixor delivers a fast, complete burndown to help growers control weeds at the start of the growing season. 4

5 A-C-T-T To optimize the burndown performance of Kixor Dr. Westberg offers four easy steps: Tank Mix Timing Utilize a good quality MSO Ensure thorough coverage Partner with glyphosate. Follow label directions at 1% by volume. of weeds. We have found that MSO Use a minimum of 15 of action is important to Most broadleaf weeds plus AMS is the best adjuvant gallons per acre for high resistance management, are listed for control at system to use with all of weed populations, particularly and glyphosate still offers 6 inches or less. Optimize the Kixor products. This when variations in size good postemergence weed the burndown activity of system gets more of the prevent adequate spray control. Glyphosate tank Kixor with timely applications product into the weeds for coverage. Controlling fall mixes well with Kixor and within the labeled weed size. optimum activity. germinated weeds such broadens the spectrum as marestail in the spring of weed control, particularly also requires thorough on grasses. Adjuvant Coverage Utilizing multiple modes 4 for weed size. spray coverage. Kixor herbicide treatment (on right) compared to untreated strip. 5

6 Residual Control of Resistant Weeds Using a residual herbicide minimizes the we would benefit from having greater season residual broadleaf weed control number of postemergence glyphosate control compared to some other on large-seeded broadleaf weeds. applications in fields and provides foundation rate herbicide applications This residual control allows growers to growers with protection against early used today. manage glyphosate-resistant weeds season weed competition when weather or workload prohibits a timely postemergence glyphosate application. University research and field trials demonstrate the improved performance that Kixor offers (Figures 2 and 3). Over the past years, one of my main Specifically, a preemergence application goals for looking at Kixor was to find out of Kixor delivers effective early-to-mid early and consistently throughout the season, and eliminates the need for multiple passes of glyphosate later in the season. if the chemistry could provide residual control of important broadleaf weeds, says Dr. Bryan Young, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Weed Specialist. And Kixor, specifically the product Verdict used in corn, does have good residual control of large-seeded and broadleaf weeds, such as giant ragweed, and even small-seeded broadleaves, such as waterhemp, and those are two of our primary weed targets in Illinois that 6 Over the past years, one of my main goals for looking at Kixor was to find out if the chemistry could provide residual control of important broadleaf weeds. And Kixor, specifically the product Verdict used in corn, does have good residual control. Dr. Bryan Young, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Weed Specialist

7 Figure 2 OpTill Herbicide Field Trial Results Preplant in Soybean Burndown + Residual Weed Control at 4-8 WAT % Control Velvetleaf (6) Marestail (14**) C. Ragweed (9) Lambsquarters (17) Annual Grass (28) Treatment* 2,4-D ester (16 fl oz/a) + glyphosate (32 fl oz/a) + NIS + AMS OpTill (2 oz/a) + glyphosate (32 fl oz/a) + MSO + AMS University Field Trials 2009 and 2010 * All treatments applied preplant ** Number of trials Figure 3 Verdict Herbicide Field Trial Results Two-Pass System in Corn Broadleaf Weed Control at 4-7 WAT Prior to Postemergence Application % Control Giant Ragweed (9**) Morningglory spp. (6) Velvetleaf (17) Lambsquarters (21) Treatment* Harness Xtra (1.5 qts/a) Surestart (24/28/32 fl oz/a) Verdict (10/13/17 fl oz/a) University Field Trials 2009 and 2010 * Treatments applied preemergence (+/- 3 days of planting); rates adjusted to soil texture (coarse/medium/fine) ** Number of trials 7

8 Always read and follow label directions. All noted products are the trademarks of their respective companies BASF Corporation. All Rights Reserved. APN kr-1 1 International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. (2009). Glycines (G/9) resistant weeds. Retrieved from 2 Data based on BASF-commissioned grower polls. 3 Boerboom, C., Stoltenberg, D., Jeschke, M., & Proost, R. (2010). An equation for trouble? Informally published manuscript, Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin Extension office, Madison, Wisconsin. Retrieved from 4 Gower, S.A., Loux, M.M., Cardina, J., Harrison, S.K., & Sprankle, P.L. (2003). Effect of postemergence glyphosate application timing on weed control and grain yield in glyphosate-resistance corn: Results of a 2 year multistate study. Weed Technology, 17, Loux, M., Stachler, J., Johnson, B., & Nice, G. (2007). The benefits of preemergence herbicides in Roundup Ready soybeans. Informally published manuscript, Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Purdue Extension Weed Science, Lafayette, Indiana. Retrieved from /BenefitsPRE.pdf 6 Boerboom, C., & Owen, M. (2006). Facts about glyphosate-resistant weeds. The glyphosate, weeds, and crop series. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from