TOKYO ANIMAL CRUELTY that aim to preserve Standards of Animal Welfare at the Tokyo Olympics.

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1 TOKYO ANIMAL CRUELTY that aim to preserve Standards of Animal Welfare at the Tokyo. Animal Rights Center Japan New Shibuya Cooporas Udagawacho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

2 INDEX 2 Animal Welfare in 4 Evaluation of farm animals welfare in Japan 5 Egg-laying hens in Japan 7 Broiler chickens in Japan 8 Pigs in Japan 9 Dairy and beef cattle in Japan 10 Animal Welfare Transition at the Animal Welfare in Thanks to London 2012 Olympic games aiming for sustainability,to integrate the Animal welfare into and Paralympics was regarded as important. Farm animal welfare have already been accepted in European countries, and in 2012 the EU was abolishing the battery cage. Prior to the EU, U.K. has already banned battery cages, and other directives on farm animal welfare were enforced. Therefore, it seems that it was relatively easy to incorporate the Animal Welfare into the Olympic Games. Free range eggs and grazing cow milk were used in that is considered to be honored but not for public in the U.K. Rio Olimpics 2016 also incorporated Animal Welfare, which was not succeeded as the U.K. but the idea of protecting the rainforests to maintain sustainnability was included which is considerd to be a huge inmprovement. There were many cases that Brazilian farm animal welfare went up after the, and in this field definitely a legacy was achieved. The standard of farm animal welfare of The 2020 Tokyo Olimpics is more likely to be lowered. The simple reason for it is that animal welfare awareness in factry farming industry hasn't sufficiently been raised so that comprehension and practice have not yet to be done. 2

3 Awareness level of Japanese people *Servey about Farm Animal Welfare Most of the Japanese people are not interested in providing a good rearing environment for livestock animals, such as cows, pigs, and chickens. You may say Japanese have coldhearted characteristics, but the major cause for this indifference is the low level of awareness. There are few who are concerned about proper care of animals other than dogs and cats. However, it has also been revealed that the attitude of these people would greatly change once they learn about the reality of farm animals. 3 認定NPO法 アニマルライツセンター

4 Evaluation of farm animals welfare in Japan There are some laws and guidelines in effect that are designed to protect animals in Japan; however, they do not provide for penalties, nor are they effectively enforceable. Many people in Japan, including those who engage in the farming industry, believe that farm animals are not protected by the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals (the Act ), a Japanese law on animal protection, because: (1) the farming industry is not an animal handling business under the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals; and (2) the Act has no specific provisions for farm animals. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (the MAFF ) has been promoting the Guideline for Rearing Industrial Animals, which was prepared by the Japan Livestock Technology Association, an association subject to the MAFFʼs oversight. However, the guidelines have no force of law, and the standards of the farming practice recommended in the guidelines are slightly lower than the OIE standards. Moreover, slaughterhouses are regulated by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare ʼ s jurisdiction, not the MAFFʼs. As a result, no efforts are made to consider animal welfare in the slaughtering of farm animals in Japan. The situation surrounding farm animals in other countries in the same East Asia is different. China has enacted at the central government level the Livestock Husbandry Law and the Regulations on Live Pig Slaughter Management. And the Regulations on the Pig Slaughter Regulations can impose penalties on violators of animal welfare. The standards set forth in these regulations are either equal to or exceed the animal welfare codes in OIE. In Taiwan, training is required with regard to transporting farm animals and penalties are imposed on violators who slaughter farm animals in violation of the Human Animal Slaughtering Regulation. The reason why Japan is behind in terms of efforts to recognize animal welfare for farm animals is because Japan has been a country that imports animal products and, historically, it has not been exporting animal products. Since Japan does not export animal products, it does not have an opportunity to learn about the increased public awareness of animal welfare in the western countries, which results in the lack of public awareness of animal welfare in Japan. As a reason why Japan is behind in recognizing animal welfare, some experts point out the fact that the unique phrase of Animal AIGO is commonly used in Japan when referring to animal protection. Animal AIGO is a unique phrase and is not a synonym to animal protection or animal welfare. AI means love, and GO means protection in Japanese. When the phrase Animal AIGO is used instead of animal welfare, it gives a false sense that animals are properly treated so long as they are cared for with love. Due to the subjective, personal, and emotional element of love, some people are misguided to believe that any treatment of animals is justified as long as they are loved. Thus, Animal AIGO does not take into consideration any science-based approach to determine what the proper treatment of animals is. By contrast, the concept of animal welfare is based on the ethology, and generally science dictates the proper treatment of animals. World Animal Protectionʼs RANKING Protecting animals used in farmingʼs ranking LOW JAPAN BRAZIL UK CHINA EST World Animal Protection の (Animal Protection Index) 4

5 Egg-laying hens in Japan 92% of egg-laying chicken farms in Japan use battery cages 1. Calculating using Pointof-Sales (POS) data, more than 99% of eggs in Japan are from battery cage farms. The space per hen on these farms is only 444.7cm 2 on average, smaller than a sheet of B5-size paper, and smaller than the chickens themselves. Being tightly packed, they squash other birds when they reposition themselves. Moreover, there are still some farms that restrain each chicken in a solitary cage where the bird has nothing to do. Chickens by nature regularly take dust baths and sunbathe to get rid of parasites and ticks. Since caged chickens are prevented from carrying out these activities, battery cage farms in Japan spray them once a month with several kinds of insecticides until they are completely soaked. There are even farms that ship eggs on the day of the insecticide treatment. 66.1% of farms practice forced molting in Japan. Among those, 80.6% withdraw food, and 5.0% even withdraw water 1. When the egg-laying rate of hens decreases, they are considered chickens to be culled. All of a sudden, grabbed by their legs or wings, these chickens are yanked out of their cage and thrown into a container at a speed of six birds every 10 seconds. These containers are stacked up and transported to a slaughterhouse by long-haul truck. Chickens are of low priority at slaughterhouses. Even when they arrive at a slaughterhouse in the morning, they are often left out until the next morning, crammed in containers without getting slaughtered on the day of arrival. The birds in lower containers get covered in feces and broken eggs falling from the upper levels.many of the poultry slaughterhouses in Japan do not use the stunning method. Birds are shackled upside down and have their throats cut while they are fully conscious. Chickens have excellent cognitive capabilities. They are aware of what is going on while being hung up by their legs and unable to flee and they struggle due to the pain of having their throats cut. It takes at least 90 seconds from when their throats are cut until death 2, during which they struggle and experience excruciating pain. Although the scalding procedure is supposed to be done after chickens have been killed, 2015 data shows that 136,798 egg-laying chickens were boiled alive in Japan. 3 5

6 本の採卵鶏 Battery cages Japan Egg-laying hens that be carryed to a slaughterhouse. They spend in a folded state over night. 6 認定NPO法 アニマルライツセンター

7 Broiler chickens in Japan In Europe and the United States, broilers are slaughtered at the age of 40 days at over 2kg. Broilers in Japan are slaughtered at the age of 50 days at around 3kg. Rearing bigger chickens means a higher rearing density. Compared with the rearing density in EU countries, the rearing density in Japan is 1.4 times higher on average (46.68 kg/m 2 ), with a maximum of 1.78 times (58.99 kg/m 2 ). In Japan, 16 to 22 chickens with an average weight of 2.94kg are crammed into a space of 1m 2. The maximum rearing density is regulated to be 33kg/m 2 in the EU. According to research conducted on 11 farms in Brazil, the average rearing density was 28.5kg/m 2. 4 While left out packed in containers at night, wild animals often attack chickens by sticking their legs and mouths inside through small openings and bite off the birdsʼ legs and heads. The chickens that are attacked are found dying or even already dead the next morning. Many of the poultry slaughterhouses in Japan do not use the stunning method. Birds are shackled upside down and have their throats cut while they are fully conscious. Chickens have excellent cognitive capabilities. They are aware of what is going on while being hung up by their legs and unable to flee and they struggle due to the pain of having their throats cut. It takes at least 90 seconds from when their throats are cut until death 2, during which they struggle and experience excruciating pain. Although the scalding procedure is supposed to be done after chickens have been killed, 2015 data shows that 279,195 broiler chickens were boiled alive in Japan. 3 7

8 Pigs in Japan 88.6% of pig farms in Japan operate on the gestation crate confinement method, which has been largely abandoned worldwide due to its cruelty.1 The ratio of these kind of farms is still increasing and hundreds of millions of yen is still allotted as public subsidies for facility investment in gestation crates. Although there are farms that raise pigs in a group, if only temporarily, 60.7% of farms set no period for pigs to be raised this way.1 Pigs on these farms are never able to interact with other pigs, except when they are piglets, and are kept alone in confinement. There is no sign that the number of farms using the gestation crate confinement method will decrease in Japan. Since no meat processing companies have declared that they would eliminate gestation crates, consumers cannot choose gestation-crate-free pork in Japan. 94.6% of pig farms in Japan conduct castration on male pigs without anesthesia. It is commonly believed that pigs feel less pain if they are castrated when they are still small an argument that has no scientific ground. 19.8% of pig farms in Japan do not provide enough space for pigs to lie down. The number of farms with high breeding densities is growing. When pigs are transported to the slaughterhouse, it is common for pig handlers to abuse them with stun guns, to kick and punch them in their faces and other parts of the body, to walk on them, and so forth. 86.4% of pig slaughterhouses in Japan do not provide water drinkers for pigs. Pigs cannot drink water up to 27 hours after arriving at the slaughterhouse. Many of these slaughterhouses responded to us saying pigs can drink shower water used to wash away dung and urine from their bodies. 8

9 Dairy and beef cattle in Japan Illustrations of pastured cattle and natural scenery of mountainous areas are drawn on milk cartons in Japan. On the contrary, 72.9% of dairy farms in Japan restrain cows with short chains or rope on a 24/7 basis % of dairy farms never let cows exercise during their entire lives. 1 Since most Japanese farms keep cows restrained, when the OIE animal welfare code was being laid down, the Japanese government presented its views saying the code should allow electric cow trainers (a unit that delivers an electric current to a cowʼs back) and this was granted. There is still no sign of improvement in Japan in regards to keeping cows restrained. Marbled wagyu beef is considered good beef in Japan. To produce marbled meat, the condition where fat and muscle intermingle, producers restrict cowsʼ vitamin A intake. Restricting vitamin A intake can cause gait abnormalities, weakening of eyesight, blindness, night blindness, arthritis, loss of appetite, and hydrops. When transported to the slaughterhouse, it is common for handlers to abuse cows by pulling and twisting their tails, by kicking them in the stomach, and so forth. 50.4% of cattle slaughterhouses in Japan do not provide water drinkers, thus cows cannot drink water up to 24 hours after arriving at the slaughterhouse. 9

10 Animal Welfare Transition at the Eggs London 2012 HIGH Free range Chickens can freely access both indoor and outdoor areas. Rearing method that is the closest to natural conditions. 9 Free barn Indoor, floor rearing Rio 2016 A n i m a l W e l f a r e Aviary Vertical cage-free Cage-free Enriched cage At least 750 cm 2 is provided per hen. Nest boxes, litter, and perches are also provided. 10 Tokyo 2020 LOW Battery cage Many countries, including EU nations, and multi-national companies have eliminated the battery cage method 10

11 Animal Welfare Transition at the Pork London 2012 Rio 2016 Tokyo 2020 Chickens London 2012 Rio 2016 Tokyo 2020 Fish HIGH A n i m a l W e l f a r e LOW HIGH A n i m a l W e l f a r e LOW London 2012& Rio 2016 Mentioned about animal welfare of farmed fish Prohibition of gestation crates Also prohibited by British Red Tractor Certification UK had prohibited gestation crates before Voluntary elimination by companies JBS, the worldʼs No. 1, and Brazilʼs 2nd meat processing company, and Acros Dorados, a company that operates a McDonalds chain in South America, had abolished the gestation crate confinement method by Note: BRF and Aurora Alimentos, Brazil ʼ s largest and third largest pork producers, are working towards abolishing the gestation crate method by Still using gestation crates No company, including the largest producer in Japan, has abolished the use of gestation crates Even the current animal rearing management guidelines with animal welfare as a consideration have no regulation on the use of gestation crates Rearing density of 38kg/m 2. Provision for at least 6 hours of darkness. The laws and Red Tractor Certification requires provision for at least 6 hours of darkness per day Rearing density of 28.5kg/m 2. Most farms provide natural sunlight According to a 2011 survey, broiler rearing density in Brazil was 28.5kg/m2 on average. According to a 2009 survey, many broilers were reared in simple open sheds. 78 Rearing density of 46.68kg/m 2. 70% of Japanese farms do not provide natural sunlight No laws regulate rearing density. Even the current animal rearing guidelines with animal welfare as a consideration do not regulate rearing density. 70% of Japanese farms are windowless, 4% semi-windowless, and 26% open sheds. 1 Note: There are cases of no provision of natural sunlight where blackout curtains are used even in open sheds Tokyo 2020 No mentioned about animal welfare of farmed fish 11

12 1 Japan Livestock Technology Association UK Guidance Slaughter poultry, livestock and rabbits for home consumption 3 Meat inspection survey, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 4 Assessment of Broiler Chicken Welfare in Southern Brazil 5 Installation status of drinking water facilities of livestock at slaughterhouses Takashi Okuno, Tetsu Kashima, Shinji Yamasawa, Keigo Saito 6 Red Tractor Suurance Pigs Standards version2.0 7 Assessment of Broiler Chicken Welfare in Southern Brazil 8 Wageningen UR Livestock Research FAO 9 Compassion in World Farming 10 Otwarte Klatki 11 End of gestation crates for JBS SA By Michelle Perrett, 09-Jun Arcos Dorados is Committed to Improved Animal Welfare in Pork Supply Chain 13 Brazil Adds Its Might to the Movement to End Gestation Crates 14 BRF, Brazilʼs Largest Pig Producer, Announces Phase-out of Lifelong Confinement of Breeding Sows in Controversial Gestation Crates 15 Aurora Alimentos Pledges to Eliminate Gestation Crates for Breeding Sows * Rio 2016 taste of the games * For Starters (London Olympic games) * Learning legacy (London Olympic games) *Survey of Farm Animal Welfare by Animal Rights Center Japan Piriod of survey March ~March n=1,207 Internet survey / using net monitors of survey company Photographs of factory farming: Japan Animal Rights Center Japan (NPO) New Shibuya Cooporas Udagawacho, hibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan okada@arcj.org 12