MPUMALANGA PROVINCE NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 1 NOVEMBER 2015 GRADE 10

Transcription

1 education DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION MPUMALANGA PROVINCE NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 1 NOVEMBER 2015 GRADE 10 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2 1 / 2 hours This question paper consists of 12 pages

2 Agricultural Sciences P1 2 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION This question paper consists of FOUR questions. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. Start EACH question from SECTION B on a NEW page. Read ALL the questions carefully and make sure you answer what is asked. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Non-programmable calculators may be used. Write neatly and legibly.

3 Agricultural Sciences P1 3 SECTION A QUESTION Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the correct letter (A D) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK. Example: A Green plants that make their own food are the in the system. A Producers B Consumers C Decomposers D Population Organisms that live in very dry habitats are known as organisms. A hydrophilic B hygrophilic C mesophilic D xerophilic The biotic component of any ecosystem is its: A Water B Climate C Soil D Plants and animals One of the following represents the largest biomass in a pyramid. A B C D Grass Poultry Frog Goats

4 Agricultural Sciences P The food that is eaten regularly by the majority of people in such quantities that it forms the dominant part of the diet is known as A B C D fresh foods. staple foods. processed foods. dried foods The manufacturing or production of finished products from raw materials obtained from other sectors: A B C D Primary agricultural sector Secondary agricultural sector Tertiary agricultural sector Final agricultural sector This Act applies to all employers and employees and regulates leave, working hours, contracts, deductions, pay slips and termination rules: A B C D Labour Relations Act of 1995 Skills Development Act of 1999 Basic Conditions of Employment Act of 1997 Employment Equity Act of A group of animals of a specific species that shows certain distinctive characteristics: A B C D Prey Domestic Breed Cultivar

5 Agricultural Sciences P The Charolais is an example of a/an breed. A B C D indigenous beef indigenous dairy dual purpose exotic beef Indigenous African sheep breed: A B C D Dammar Dorset Horn Merino Red Poll (10x2) (20) 1.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches a term/phrase in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A G) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example K. COLUMN A COLUMN B Stocking Rate A. Illegal occupation of land Mesophytes B. Transforming racial pattern Land redistribution C. Average supply of water Land restitution D. Return land to original owners Land tenure E. Rights of people to own land F. Number of animals G. Weight of animals (5 x 2) (10)

6 Agricultural Sciences P Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK The offspring of a male donkey and female horse. Type of chicken that produces meat. The culinary name for fresh meat obtained from the domestic pig. The local knowledge that is unique to every culture or society. Breeds that produce beef and milk for marketing. (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write the appropriate word(s) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK Veld is a large natural area or region with unique set of factors such as climate, soil and landform. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas produced by cattle and other ruminants. Climax plants are those that occur first in a ploughed field. Agri- SA was established for black farmers who were previously excluded from mainstream agricultural industry. Non-ruminants have complex stomachs and regurgitate their food. (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45

7 Agricultural Sciences P1 7 SECTION B Start this question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK. QUESTION 2: Agro-ecology 2.1 The diagram below indicates the interactions of organisms in an ecosystem. Study the diagram and answer the following questions Secretary bird Leopard Human Snake Mouse Cough grass Thatch grass Cow Identify the diagram above. (1) Name ONE example of the following from the diagram: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Primary consumer Secondary consumer Grazer (6) Extract a food chain from the web that consists of at least THREE levels. (3) Explain the term agro-ecology. (2)

8 Agricultural Sciences P Organisms all struggle to survive in the environment in which they live. To survive, organisms have to interact with each other. Some organisms compete with each other, others live in harmony together Explain the term symbiosis. (2) Differentiate between mutualism and parasitism (4) Study the following illustration and identify the type of symbiosis in each case. Write only the letter and answer. A B C D (ticks) (4)

9 Agricultural Sciences P The following illustrates one of the most important cycles in life Give the scientific name of the cycle illustrated above. Indicate the chemical process that transfers carbon dioxide to organic carbon in nature. State FOUR main activities that cause carbon dioxide to return to the atmosphere. (1) (1) (4) The carrying capacity of natural veld is determined by four factors. Name any THREE of these factors. (3) Veld types of South Africa are divided in three main categories according to palatability. Name these THREE veld types. (3) In which province do Beef cattle generally thrive? (1) [35]

10 Agricultural Sciences P1 10 QUESTION 3: AGRI-INDUSTRY and AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS 3.1 Agriculture as a large business, it involves the use of natural resources for the primary production of food and provides many jobs from different levels of government. Furthermore, it caters for different agricultural organisations that have different functions State the FOUR main functions of the Agri-industry. (4) Briefly explain the following terms: (a) (b) (c) (d) Natural resources Commercial farming Subsistence farming Food security (2) (2) (2) (2) Name FOUR methods of food preservation to store food longer. (4) 3.2 Study the following table that represents the population growth of a rural community over a period of five years: Children under 20 years Adult Men Adult Women Determine the number of men that left the community between 2000 and (2) Draw a bar graph to indicate the number of Adult Women from 2000 to (6) State FOUR impact of population growth on the agricultural sector. (4)

11 Agricultural Sciences P Indigenous Knowledge (IK) plays a vital role in the lives of many people of many different cultures Tabulate TWO differences between indigenous and scientific knowledge. (4) Name THREE advantages of using indigenous knowledge in agricultural production. (3) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL STUDIES 4.1 Distinguish between Ruminants and Non-Ruminants by completing the table below. Write down only the number and the correct answer. RUMINANTS NON-RUMINANTS Complex stomachs Swallow food once Utilise only concentrates Example: Cattle (4) 4.2 The livestock industry has a major economic importance in South Africa. Name FOUR products produced by sheep that are of economic importance. (4) 4.3 Merinos are one of the most common sheep breeds in South Africa. They are selected according to wool production and characteristics of wool fibre. Name FIVE characteristics of wool fibre that are used to select replacement ewes. (5) 4.4 South African goat breeds can be divided into three main groups based on their utilisation. Name these THREE production lines and give an example of a breed in each case. (6)

12 Agricultural Sciences P Pig farming is an important type of farming in South Africa. In rural areas we find Indigenous pigs while commercial producers farm with improved breeds. Name FOUR characteristics of improved breeds that ensure higher profit in intensive systems. (4) 4.6 The picture below is of a cattle breed used in South Africa: Identify the breed shown in the picture above. Is the breed a Bos Indicus or Bos Taurus. Give a reason for your answer. State THREE general characteristics of a good Beef breed bull. (1) (2) (3) 4.7 Describe THREE important uses of horses in South Africa. (3) 4.8 Game animals have a range of purposes and they generate income in different ways. Name THREE ways of generating income of game animals. (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150

13 Agricultural Sciences P1 13

14 education DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION MPUMALANGA PROVINCE NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 1 NOVEMBER 2015 GRADE 10 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This question paper consists of 9 pages

15 Agricultural Sciences /P1 2 Gr10 - Memorandum QUESTION A D D A B B C C D A (10 x 2) (20) QUESTION F C B D E (5 x 2) (10) QUESTION Mule Broiler Pork Indigenous Dual purpose (5x2) (10)

16 Agricultural Sciences /P1 3 Gr10 - Memorandum QUESTION Biome Methane Pioneer NAFU Ruminants (5x1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 SECTION B QUESTION 2: Agro-ecology 2.1 Food web: Food web (1) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Mouse/ Sheep / Cow Snake / Secretary bird/ Jackal / Leopard Human Mouse/ Sheep / Cow Snake / Secretary bird/ Jackal / Leopard / Human Sheep / Cow (6) Grass Sheep Jackal / Human Grass Cow Human / Leopard Mouse Snake Secretary Bird Any one (3) The application of ecological principles to the production of food crops and the keeping of livestock OR Farming methods that use natural ecological processes to create agro-ecosystems that are productive and sustainable (2)

17 Agricultural Sciences /P1 4 Gr10 - Memorandum 2.2 Symbiosis The interaction between two organisms that live very closely together (2) A B C D Mutualism Competition Parasitism Predation (4) A (Mutualism) type of symbiosis where two organisms interact and both benefit C (Parasitism type of symbiosis where two organisms interact and one benefits by harming the other (4) 2.3 Cycle Carbon Cycle (2) Photosynthesis (1) Respiration Decomposition Fossilization Combustion (4) 2.4 Veld Annual forage production Seasonal utilization rate Average daily intake Length of grazing season (4) Sweet Sour Mixed (3) North West / Limpopo (1) [35]

18 Agricultural Sciences /P1 5 Gr10 - Memorandum QUESTION 3: AGRI-INDUSTRY and AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS 3.1 Agri-industry Provides food Provides raw materials Provides jobs / employment opportunities Provides agricultural economic stability and growth / economic value (4) (a) Resources from nature such as water, wind, (2) sun, soil (b) Well developed farming where products are produced in large scale, mechanisation and high labour employment rate / produce are sold on markets / exported (2) (c) Production on small scale / rural/ informal to (2) produce food for the family. (d) The ability of a country to produce enough food for Its entire population. /How available and accessible food is to people. (2) Drying Refrigeration Freezing Canning Pasteurisation Vacuum Curing with salt / sugar/ preservatives Smoking Pickling (Any 4) (4)

19 Agricultural Sciences /P1 6 Gr10 - Memorandum 3.2 Population growth Amount of men leaving = = 200 (2) Heading. X-axes labeled: Year Y- axes labeled: Adult women Correct values on line Correct plotting Bar graph (6) FOUR impact of population growth Higher demand for food Less agricultural soil Decrease in small-scale and subsistence farming More emphasis on large scale farming Less fresh water Soil degradation Pollution Mechanization / Less laborers needed / unemployment Urbanization Deforestation Soil erosion (Any 4) (4)

20 Agricultural Sciences /P1 7 Gr10 - Memorandum 3.3 Indigenous Knowledge INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE From older people / Past Learnt by experience Stored orally / cultural practices SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE From scientific experiments / Present Learnt by study and education Stored in books and on computers (Any 2) (4) THREE advantages of using IK Products cheap and readily available Easy to grasp (Passed on in local language) / learn from experience Prepared when needed / expire date not relevant No specialists needed Encourage an awareness of environmental conservation. Sustainable production ( Any 3) (3) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL STUDIES 4.1 Comparing ruminants against non-ruminants Simple / Mono-gastric stomach (1) Regurgitate and re-swallow (1) Utilise roughages (1) Pig / Poultry / Horses / Donkey (1) 4.2 FOUR products produced by sheep Wool Mutton Pelt Hides Horns, hooves and bones for gelatin and shampoo. Fats for candles, crayons and paraffin.

21 Agricultural Sciences /P1 8 Gr10 - Memorandum Wool fat for lotions Intestines as sausage casings Manure as fertiliser (Any 4) (4) 4.3 FIVE characteristics of wool fibre Fibre diameter Crimp Yield Shrinkage Colour. Staple length Staple strength (Any 5) (5) 4.4 THREE production lines with examples Dairy - Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpine (2) Meat - Boer, Savanne, Kalahari Red, Indigenous African (2) Mohair - Angora (2) 4.5 FOUR characteristics of improved breeds Longer bodies to produce more meat Heavy hindquarters High quality meat (less fat) High feed conversion ratio Faster growth rate Higher fertility and litter size Short hair (Any 4) (4) 4.6 Identification of breeds Afrikaner (1) Bos Indicus, has hump /large dewlap (2) THREE general characteristics of a good beef breed Large body and good conformation Long legs Short neck with broad face

22 Agricultural Sciences /P1 9 Gr10 - Memorandum Large stomach Heavy slaughter weight Resistant against diseases and good adaptabality Good marbling (Any 3) (3) 4.7 THREE important uses of horses Recreation ( racing, jumping, riding, dressage, polo) Draught ( Working) Crowd control Access inaccessible areas (Any 3) (3) 4.8 THREE ways of generating income through game Tourism Meat Hides Hunting Conservation Photography Breeding and sales (Any 3) (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B 105 GRAND TOTAL 150