(LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) GENOTYPES ACROSS CROPPING SYSTEMS

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1 Agric. Sci. Digest, 32 (1) : 66-70, 2012 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE ccjournals.com / indianjournals.com nals.com THE NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF VARIABILITY AND DISEASE REACTION OF LENTIL ( (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) GENOTYPES ACROSS CROPPING SYSTEMS Ravi S. Singh, B.C. Sood and Naresh Kumar* CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur , India Received : Accepted : ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to study the nature and extent of variability,, heritability and genetic advance between different traits across cropping systems i.e. monocropping and intercropping of lentil with linseed, in order to facilitate identification of suitable genotypes and traits for future breeding programme aimed at lentil improvement. A thorough screening of the material studied under the present investigation revealed sufficient variability for all the twelve characters under monocropping and intercropping systems except plant height, primary branches per plant and pods per cluster in monocropping system. Thus, there appears to be a greater scope for bringing about improvement in these traits. Genotypes identified to be promising and superior to the best check consistently in both the cropping system were L 1-50, PL-406, L-4147, L 1-24, Pusa-4, 2147, Precoz like, L 1-3, L 1-5, L 1-6, L 1-25 and L-207, besides being either immune or resistant to Fusarium wilt. Key words: Variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Lentil. Pulses are important for sustainable agriculture enriching the soil through biological nitrogen fixation. Inspite of the important role played by the pulses in protein energy supply and nutritional security, the efforts gone into the research and development of pulse crops appears to be low. Despite a modest status in terms of world trade, lentil is a key food crop in many parts of Africa and Asia (Whitehead et al., 1998). In India, it is cultivated in an area of 1310 x 10 3 ha with a total production of 810 x 10 3 metric tonnes and average yield of kg/ha (http//faostat.fao.org). In Himachal Pradesh, lentil is cultivated over an area of 500 ha with total production of 150 metric tonnes and an average yield of 300 kg/ha. It has however, exhibited yield potential of kg/ha at research farms as far as Vipasha variety is concerned (Anonymous, 2004). Genetic variability is the pre-requisite for all plant improvement programmes. It is important to know not only what portion of variation is genetic but also the nature and amount of genetic variation. Estimates of genetic parameters are useful guides to * Corresponding author s nareshpbg@gmail.com, nareshjatt@gmail.com suggest effective breeding procedure for improvement of quantitatively inherited traits. Most of the earlier studies on these aspects in lentil have been mainly confined to a sole crop of lentil. The present research work therefore, aims at studying the nature and extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance for different traits across cropping systems (monocropping and intercropping of lentil with linseed) and wilt reaction of lentil genotypes. The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, CSK HPKV, Palampur, which is situated at m above mean sea level and at 32 o 6' N latitude and 76 o 3' E longitude under two environments comprising monocropping of lentil and intercropping of lentil with linseed (1:1). The experimental material comprising 44 genotypes, HPCL-2153, EC-1, HPCL-2116, HPCL-2147, L 1-6, L-90-57, Precoz like, L 1-27, L-4149, L 1-25, L 1-24, DPL-61, L 1-3, L 1-50, HPCL-2144, PL-406, L-4147, HPCL-2129, HPCL-2136, HPCL-2157, HPCL-2142, HPCL-2170, HPCL-2167, L 1-29, L

2 Vol. 32, No. 1, TABLE 1. Analysis of variance for different traits in environment I, environment II and combined over environments. Source of d.f. Days to Days to Plant Primary Pod Pods/ Pods/ Seeds/ 100-seed Biological Seed Harvest variation 50% 75% height branches/ cluster/ plant cluster plant weight yield/ yield/ index flowering maturity (cm) plant plant (g) plant (g) plant (%) Environment I Genotype * 53.04* * * * 1.47* 3.25* 0.86* 92.17* Error CV Environment II Genotype * 34.57* 13.56* 0.23* * * 0.07* * 1.31* 2.21* 0.47* * Error CV Combined over environment Genotype * 82.17* 14.84* 0.30* * * 0.10* * 2.52* 3.60* 1.01* * Genotype x * environment Error CV * Significant at P , PL-639, L 1-28, L 1-207, L 1-26, HPCL-2127, L 1-8, L9-104, DPL-58, Fasciated mutant, HPCL- 2174, HPCL-2119, L-4600, L-4634, DPL-15, Pusa- 4, DPL-62, L-65, HPCL-2104 including one check (Vipasha) procured from different agencies, was grown in randomized complete block design with two replications under both the cropping systems. The experiment was conducted during rabi The plot size consisted of single row of 2.25 m length of each genotype spaced 30 cm apart in each replication. The data were recorded on the following traits on the basis of five randomly taken plants from each replication of each environment on plant height (cm), primary branches per plant, pod clusters per plant, pods per plant, pods per cluster, seeds per plant, 100-seed weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), seed yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and days to 50 per cent flowering, days to 75 per cent maturity per plot basis. The average values for each line in each replication for all the traits under study were used for further statistical analysis. The data were statistically analyzed as per the procedure given by Panse and Sukhatme, 1984; Burton and De Vane, 1953 and Johnson et al. (1955). Separate statistical analysis was done for all the characters studied under different environments (Env. I and Env. II) and for combined over environments. The present investigation was undertaken to assess the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance to identify yield attributes under two environments viz., environment I (monocropping of lentil) and environment II (intercropping with linseed) and disease reaction of Fusarium wilt. A thorough screening of the materials studied under the present investigation revealed sufficient variability for all the twelve characters under monocropping system, intercropping system and in combined analysis except for plant height, primary branches per plant and pods per cluster in monocropping system (Table 1). Thus, there appears to be a great scope for bringing about improvement in these traits. A wide variability for pods per plant, seeds per plant and seed yield per plant has also been reported in lentil by Sharma and Luthra (1987) and Jain and Rao (1995). The present study revealed high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for pod clusters per

3 68 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST - A RESEARCH JOURNAL TABLE 2. Mean performance and parameters of variability for different characters in environment I, environment II and combined over environment. Character Mean + SE (m) PCV (%) GCV (%) H (%) Genetic advance (%) Env.I Env.II Com- Env.I Env.II Com- Env.I Env.II Com- Env.I Env.II Com- Env.I Env.II Combined bined bined bined bined Days to 50% flowering ±1.40 ±1.94 ±1.69 Days to 75% maturity ±1.37 ±1.44 ±1.40 Plant height (cm) ±1.68 ±1.35 ±1.52 Primary branches/plant ±0.30 ±0.23 ±0.26 Pod clusters/plant ±4.39 ±4.72 ±4.55 Pods/plant ±8.86 ±8.48 ±8.67 Pods/cluster ±0.14 ±0.12 ±0.14 Seeds/plant ±20.05 ±13.96 ± seed weight (g) ±0.33 ±0.32 ±0.32 Biological yield/ plant (g) ±0.85 ±0.77 ±0.81 Seed yield/plant (g) ±0.44 ±0.34 ±0.39 Harvest index (%) ±2.79 ±3.46 ±3.14 PCV and GCV = Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic coefficient of variation, Respectively.

4 plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant and seed yield per plant in both the systems as well as combined over systems, while 100-seed weight and biological yield per plant have recorded high PCV in monocropping only. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) however, in general has been observed high for these traits, reflecting thereby high magnitude of genetic variation and thus greater scope for improvement in these traits through selection. PCV and GCV were observed to be moderate for days to 50 per cent flowering and harvest index in both the systems as well as combined over systems, and for primary branches per plant, 100-seed weight and biological yield per plant in inter-cropping system. The study in general, revealed the estimates of PCV to be higher than their corresponding GCV for all the characters (Table 2). Similar findings with respect to PCV and GCV in Vol. 32, No. 1, lentil were reported earlier by Thakur and Bajpai, 1993 and Rasul et al., The high heritability (>80%) recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, however for characters namely, days to 75 per cent maturity, 100-seed weight and harvest index recorded moderate to high heritability (60-80%) and for rest of the traits, low heritability (<60%) was recorded in both the systems as well as combined over systems. High heritability for these traits revealed lesser influence of environment and greater role of genetic component of variation. These findings on heritability of traits have been confirmatory to earlier reports of Singh et al., (1999) and Chakraborty and Haque, (2000). High heritability observed for days to 50 per cent flowering coupled with high genetic advance, indicated the additive genetic control in the inheritance of this trait and thereby implied that the simple phenotypic selection for this trait would TABLE 3. Genotypes observed superior to best check for the respective character in Env. I, Env. II and combined over environments. Character Genotypes Environment I Environment II Combined over environments Days to 50% flowering Precoz like, L 1-5, L 1-24, L90-57, Precoz like, L1-24, DPL-58, DPL-61, L 1-5, DPL-58, DPL-61 L9-104 L 1-24, Precoz like Days to 75% maturity HPCL-2147, L 1-3, L 1-5, HPCL-2147, Precoz like, L 1-3, HPCL-2147, L 1-3, L 1-5, L 1-6, L 1-6, L 1-24, L 1-25, L 1-5, L 1-6, L 1-24, L 1-25, L 1-24, L 1-25, L 1-28, L 1-50, L 1-28, L 1-29, L 1-50, L 1-28, L 1-50, L 1-207, L 1-207, L-4147, L-4149, L 1-207, L-4147, L-4149, L-4147, L-4149, PL-406, L-4600, L90-57, L9-104, L90-57, L9-104, Pusa-4, PL-639, L9-104 Precoz like, Pusa-4, PL-406, PL-406, PL-639, DPL-58 PL-639, DPL-15, Fasciated mutant Plant height (cm) - L 1-24, L 1-25 L 1-25 Primary branches/ plant , 2127 Pusa-4 Pod clusters/plant HPCL-2147 PL-406, L-4147 L 1-50, PL-406, L-4147, Pusa-4 Pods/plant L 1-50 PL-406, L-4147, Pusa-4 L 1-50, PL-406, L-4147, Pusa-4 Pods/cluster Seeds/plant HPCL-2147, L 1-50, PL-406 PL-406, L-4147, Pusa-4 L 1-50, PL-406, L-4147, Pusa seed weight (g) Precoz like HPCL-2104, HPCL-2136, L-90, Precoz like, HPCL-2127, HPCL-2153, HPCL-2157, HPCL-2136, HPCL-2157, HPCL-2174, L9-104, L-90-57, HPCL-2174, DPL-58 Precoz like, DPL-58 Biological yield/plant (g) L L 1-50, L-4149, PL-406 Seed yield/plant (g) L 1-50, L-4149 PL-406, L-4147, L-4149 L 1-50, L-4149, PL-406 Harvest index (%) HPCL-2147, L 1-3, L 1-5, Fasciated mutant, DPL-15 HPCL-2147, L 1-3, L 1-5, L 1-6, L 1-6, L 1-8, L 1-25, L 1-26, L 1-8, L 1-25, L 1-26, L 1-28, L 1-28, L 1-29, L 1-207, L 1-29, L 1-50, L 1-207, L-65, L-4147, L-4600, L-4639, L-4147, L-4600, L-4634, L-90-57, DPL-15, DPL-58, DPL-15, DPL-58, DPL-62, DPL-61, PL-406, PL-639, L-90-57, Fasciated mutant, L-65, Pusa-4 Pusa-4, PL-406, PL-639

5 70 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST - A RESEARCH JOURNAL be effective, which was similar to findings of Singh et al. (1999). Moderate to high heritability coupled with low genetic advance for days to 75 per cent maturity and 100-seed weight indicate more likelihood of dominance and epistatic effects in the inheritance of these traits. The remaining traits including seed yield per plant, having low heritability and genetic advance, suggested non-additive gene action and consequently low genetic gain was expected through simple selection in such situation. The harvest index of lentil virtually showed no difference in the mean performance across environments indicated that intercrop (linseed) had no adverse effect on the main crop (lentil), hence this combination could be exploited in intercropping system. In the present material (Table 3), genotypes viz., L 1-50, PL-406, L and L-4149 have been observed to be consistent in their superiority over the best check with respect to earliness. However, for seed yield per plant L-4149 only one genotype has shown such consistency in both cropping systems as well as combined over systems. Similarly, genotypes viz., L 1-24, Pusa-4, HPCL- 2147, Precoz like, DPL-58, L 1-3, L 1-5, L 1-6, L 1-25 and L-207 have been found promising and superior to the best check with respect to one or more important traits like early flowering, early maturity, pods per plant, pod cluster per plant, seeds per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index, and also being either immune or resistant to Fusarium wilt. Such genotypes therefore, could serve as useful breeding material in future lentil improvement programme and some of these may be identified as new varieties but only after their further evaluation under multilocational replicated trials. REFERENCES Anonymous. (2004). Package of Practices for Rabi crops. Directorate of Extension Education, CSK HPKV, Palampur, H.P. Burton, G.W. and De Vane, E.H. (1953). Agron. J. 45: Chakraborty, M. and Haque, M.F J. Res. Birsa Agric. Univ. 12(2): http//faostat.fao.org. Jain, S.K. and Rao, S.K. (1995). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 29(4): Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.C. (1955). Agron. J. 97: Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1984). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, Publication, New Delhi. Rasul, M.G., Newaj, M.A. and Sheikh, M.H.R. (1994). Bangladesh J. Scientific and Indust. Res. 29(3): Sharma, P.C. and Luthra, S.K. (1987). Genetica-Agraria 41(4): Singh, M., Maheshwari, D.K., Mittal, R.K. and Sharma, S.K. (1999). Annals Agri-Bio-Res. 4(1): Thakur, H.K. and Bajpai, G.C. (1993). Indian J. Pulses Res. 6(1): Whitehead, S.J., Summerfield, R.J., Muehlbaur, F.J., Wheeler, T.R. and Erksine, W. (1998). Field Crop Abstract 51(11):