Jaroslav Antal Iveta Tóthová

Transcription

1 Retrospective modelling of the water movement in the soil profile - probably possible tool for nutrient content reduction in the ground water Jaroslav Antal Iveta Tóthová SLOVAK AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN NITRA

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3 SLOVAK REPUBLIK Area: 49,035 km2 Population: 5,379,450 Population density: inhabitants per sq km Capital: Bratislava (population: 452,288) Largest cities (by population): Bratislava: 452,288; Košice: 249,915, Prešov: 92,687; Nitra: 87,357; Žilina: 86,685; Banská Bystrica: 84,919

4 SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE in NITRA is a top educational and scientific institution whose main aim is to provide students with a university education, drawing on scientific knowledge in agriculture and neighbouring areas. it is the only university of its kind in Slovakia. Its aim is to offer such education, research and advisory services on 6 Faculties which would create conditions for the development of agriculture More on: htpp://

5 SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE in NITRA

6 SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE in NITRA 1. Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources 2. Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences 3. Faculty of Economics and Management 4. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering 5. Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development 6. Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering

7 Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Faculty Faculty is professionally aimed at the education of students in the areas of horticulture, garden and landscape architecture, landscape engineering, water management More on: htpp://

8 Departments 1. Department of Green's Biotechnics 2. Department of Landscape Engineering 3. Department of Landscape Planning and Ground Design 4. Department of Fruit Production, Viticulture, and Enology 5. Department of Sports and Physical Training 6. Department of Vegetables-Production 7. Department of Garden and Land Architecture 8. Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology

9 Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology Education: Hydrology, Agrohydrology, Water erosion, Soil conservation, Hydrometeorology, Biometeorology, Climatologic, Physic and Biometeorology,...

10 Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology Hospodárska 7, Nitra, Actual research about: water erosion, integrated soil and water protection, usage of models for assessing water-soil characteristics, climate change, phenology, agroclimatic regionalization,...

11 Recent research of our Department: Impact of agricultural landscape exploitation on the rainfall runoff process in the conditions of expected climate change

12 Some of our textbooks: SOIL CONSERVATION AND SILVICULTURE. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, 399pp. AGRICULTURAL AMELIORATION, Príroda Bratislava, 1989, 463pp. (in Slovak) EROSION ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS. VŠP in Nitra, Nitra 1995, 84 pp. (in Slovak) SOIL CONSERVATION. Príroda, Bratislava 1985, 208 pp. (in Slovak) AGROHYDROLOGY (in Slovak) HYDROLOGY (in Slovak) BIOMETEOROLOGY (in Slovak)

13 INFILTRATION MEASUREMENT

14 INFILTRATION MEASUREMENT

15 Erózia pôdy a následná akumulácia Kolíňany, Obyce 2004

16 Erodomerné zariadenie Gerlachov žľab, Kolíňany

17 Erodomerné zariadenie Záchytný žľab 0,5 x 1 x 6 m, Kolíňany

18 The biggest resources of ground water in the Slovak Republic are situated in the southwestern part of the Slovak territory, in the quaternary alluviums of Danube.

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20 this part of Slovakia takes about 3.5 % of the total area of Slovak Republic there is occurs 35 % of total Slovakian ground water resources specifically is it about 22 m3.s-1 this amount is enough not only for water supply of the whole Slovak Republic, but also for export of drinking water

21 However in this region is not only remarkable ground water resources, but also it is the region with the best conditions for agriculture production.

22 According to low acreage of agricultural and arable land per person (about 0.40 and 0.25 ha), the protective zones of water resources, which take almost 20 % territory of Slovak Republic, could not be take away from agricultural activity.

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24 According to facts that the protected water supplies occur in the different regions of Slovak Republic and limitations of agricultural activity in second and third protective zone have mostly the general form, it is necessary to design practically for each exploited water resources special and original system of agricultural exploitation in its second and third protective zones.

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26 For design we used 3 methods: 1. principles of DRASTIC method, 2. method of field infiltration experiments with different kinds of fertilizers 3. modelling of soil water movement

27 By the analysis of protective zone of water resource with the help of principles of DRASTIC method we will evaluate: depth of ground water level (D) soil properties (S) topography(t) properties of unsaturated zone (I) We did not evaluate factors: R (Recharge) A (Aquifer media) C (Conductivity of Aquifer) because we suppose that they are not changing in particular protective zone. But it is not a problem to take into account all factors of DRASTIC method.

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29 If we want further difference of Critical Source Areas, we could do field infiltration experiments. The goal of these experiments is to determine order of searched soil types by its protective function which is determined by this equation: ± L = Lexp - Lcalc Lexp - experimentally determined % of leached agrochemicals by field leaching experiments Lcalc - % of calculated leached agrochemical The higher is the value L of analyzed soil types, the more critical is the part of CSA from the point of view of polluting underground water resources

30 Testing of soil type protective function

31 We have designed a method which enables in protective zone to determine : 1. order of crops due to their ability to decrease leaching of agrochemicals from the root zone 2. so-called critical periods for applications of agrochemicals on the soil surface 3. so-called critical periods for leaching of agrochemicals from the root zone

32 TDC = f (crop; locality, probability )

33 TDC(Zvolen, winter wheat) = f (time, probability)

34 pr = f (time, crop, locality, soil type) ;corn; Michalovce; a.- heavy soil; b.- light soil;

35 ir = f (probability, crop, locality, soil type) ;corn; Michalovce; a.- heavy soil; b.- light soil;

36 Average values of TDC for 10 years period time grass sugar beet barley 20 depth [cm]

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38 My answer to Mr. Oscar Schoumans Regulation of fertilisers application, also P, in Decree No. 338/2005 Z.Z. of Ministry of Agricultural Slovak Republic, is following : fertilisers in the period from 15th November to 31th January is limited fertilisers are not applicable: on the slopes with inclination more than 12, if surface outflow can reached surface water sources on the hilly terrain until 2 months from the finisch the drainage building on the location that are border water resources

39 To calculate P balance following equation is being used: ± P = (A + B) (D + E) where A P input by fertilisers [kg.ha-1] B P output in artificial fertilisers and manure [kg.ha-1] D P output by the yield of main product [kg.ha-1] E P output by the yield of secondary product (f.e. straw) if it is taken from agricultural land [kg.ha-1] ± P surplus (+) or deficit (-) of P in soil

40 Thank you for your attention