Broadstrike herbicide

Transcription

1 Broadstrike herbicide PASTURE WEED CONTROL GUIDE Solutions for the Growing World

2 MORE PASTURE = MORE LIVESTOCK + LESS SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING Regardless of farm size, productive pastures play an important role in any situation where animals are involved. Pasture quality (digestibility, protein content and energy content) has a powerful influence on animal performance. When pasture quality and quantity is improved, animal performance increases. Conversely, when available pasture declines or quality declines, animal performance also declines and this is generally when supplementary feeding occurs. Whilst altering pasture composition through the introduction of perennial grasses and legumes boosts carrying capacity and animal performance, it is allowing weeds to go untreated in pasture that has a significant impact on pasture seed set and seedling survival. Dry matter production is affected by as much as 30-60%. The 10 Steps to Pasture Establishment Best Practice 1. Forward plan and seek advice Pasture is a specialist crop and therefore thorough planning and advice should be adopted. 2. Soil test prior to any pasture program Soil testing carried out by a reputable soil laboratory is vital to determine correct nutrient requirements. 3. Spray-out weeds and earth mites Early spring spray-outs before the first signs of seed head emergence provides excellent control of problem annual grasses and also facilitates superior earth mite kill. 4. Maintain weed free paddocks Spraying in summer at the first sign of summer weeds conserves moisture in the soil profile as well as prevents weed seed set. 5. Spray before sowing Spraying with glyphosate plus a miticide before sowing greatly reduces weed competition, increases seed establishment and reduces post-emergent chemical costs. 6. Sow the right varieties Always sow varieties that have been proven in the field for at least 3 years that are suitable to the environment and the grazing management that will follow. 7. Use good quality seed Only purchase quality certified seed that has been treated to enhance seedling establishment as well as reduce losses from insects. 8. Select the correct fertiliser Soil tests are a guide to nutrient requirements and pasture decline is often the result of sub-optimal inputs of fertiliser type and rate. 9. Sow a properly calibrated seeder Because each specific seed mixture has different flow characteristics, correct calibration of the seeder needs be carried out. 10. Control weeds and mites early With new pasture, early attention to weeds and mites is critical. Check pastures every 2-3 days during the first 6 weeks.

3 Broadstrike Herbicide Pasture Weed Control Guide MANAGING KEY WEEDS WITH BROADSTRIKE Paterson s Curse Paterson s curse (Echium plantagineum) is a major weed throughout southern Australia. Once established, Paterson s curse can strongly compete with pasture species and be a nuisance weed in field crops. It infests an estimated 33 million hectares at an annual cost to agriculture of about $30 million. Whilst Broadstrike alone provides effective control of Paterson s curse, control will improve with the addition of a partner herbicide e.g. Igran, diuron or bromoxynil. Like most weeds though, the key to controlling Paterson s curse is to treat when they are young and not well established. % Ground cover of Paterson s curse Dandaragan (WA) Broadstrike Demonstration (5 cm rosettes at time of application) Days after application 75 Broadstrike 15 g/ha + 0.5% Broadstrike 25 g/ha + 0.5% Broadstrike 50 g/ha + 0.5% Glyphosate 1.5 L/ha Untreated control + Spraying Oil at 500 ml/100 L water. Paterson s Curse Weed Seedling Paterson s Curse Mature Weed Broadstrike Salvage Spray Application for Paterson s Curse Seed Set Reduction A registration for Broadstrike as a salvage spray for Paterson s curse seed set reduction has recently been approved by the APVMA. In a recent trial conducted during spring, flowering Paterson s curse was sprayed with 25 and 50 g/ha Broadstrike + Spraying Oil at 500 ml/100 L water. The 50 g/ha rate was shown to reduce germination by 100%. Small-flowered mallow is an annual weed and is a widespread weed of wasteland, cultivation and degraded pasture. Plants grow quickly throughout winter and spring and flower during spring and summer (7-13 weeks after emergence). Seed can be set within two weeks of flowering. Each plant can produce up 5000 seeds and the resultant progeny mature very quickly which means populations can explode. The weed has become more common under reduced tillage conditions and to make matters worse, tolerates a wide range of herbicides including glyphosate. % Control of Marshmallow The 50 g/ha rate was shown to reduce germination by 100%. Small Flowered Marshmallow Whilst Broadstrike alone provides effective control of marshmallow, depending on the situation, control will improve with the addition of a partner herbicide e.g. Igran, 2,4-DB or bromoxynil/mcpa. Like most weeds though, marshmallow is best controlled when they are in the seedling stage (2-8 leaf) as percentage control diminishes quickly once the plant increases in size. Control of Different Sized Marshmallow 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Untreated 2-8 leaf All sizes 25 g 50 g 25 g ml Broadstrike 25 g + 1 L Broadstrike 25 g ml

4 ABOUT BROADSTRIKE Since its launch in 1994 when it was initially registered for the control of specific weeds in field peas and cereal crops, Broadstrike s usage today is spread over a large number of crop and pasture niches Broadstrike Provides: 1. A unique crop safety profile Broadstrike is unique in that it is extremely soft on medics, lucerne and clover and most forage legumes and annual and perennial grasses. In fact it is the only truly selective product that offers broadleaf weed control in medic pastures. More importantly, it provides the ability for weeds to be controlled early which is particularly important when seedling pasture exists, without damage to the pasture. 2. Broad spectrum broadleaf weed control Broadstrike controls a total of 26 major broadleaf weeds within pasture, 19 on its own and the balance with a partner herbicide. Moreover, Broadstrike is the key component herbicide for controlling the key small farm weeds, namely Paterson s Curse and Marshmallow. 3. Tank-mixing compatibility When required, Broadstrike is highly compatible with a wide range of herbicides and insecticides. Products such as Verdict 520 Herbicide, diuron, 2,4-DB and MCPA are some of the many tank-mix partner options available (depending on weed spectrum). Broadstrike is also compatible with a range of insecticides when control of pasture insect pests is required.

5 Broadstrike Herbicide Pasture Weed Control Guide GETTING THE BEST FROM BROADSTRIKE When it comes to herbicides, there have been significant developments in the past 10 years. Many of the developments have centred on ensuring new herbicides are more weed specific as well as softer on the non-target plants. Whilst these developments have been highly beneficial, these new breed of herbicides require more attention to detail than older pasture herbicides e.g. MCPA and 2,4-D. Broadstrike is a new breed herbicide and therefore the following things need to be considered. Early Action Early and effective weed control ensures pastures develop into productive pastures. The graph below demonstrates the benefits of early application. Broadstrike performs best when weeds are young, soft and actively growing. Controlling weeds that are advanced is generally more difficult, more expensive and less reliable. Furthermore, controlling weeds early with Broadstrike is desirable because: It reduces weed competition earlier allowing more time for pasture recovery Lower herbicide application rates can be used more reliably Control is achieved at lower costs and with less chemical entering the environment Dry matter (kg/ha) Effect of early post-emergent weed control on pasture composition Treated Broadleaf Weeds Sub. Clover Untreated Lucerne Phalaris Adjuvants Weed Sizes Weed size (growth stage) is most often described on herbicide labels by either the number of fully emerged true leaves (excluding the cotyledons the first small leaves that appear just as the plant emerges) e.g. 2-4 leaf, 8 leaf, or the weed diameter or height. Broadstrike application rate varies according to the size of the weed and therefore careful attention of the label directions needs to be followed. To determine weed size, simply sample a reasonable cross section of the paddock, counting the number of leaves on each of the young weed species present. The need to use adjuvants (including crop oils) with certain groups of herbicides on specific groups of weeds is widely accepted. Broadstrike is one such herbicide. Applying Broadstrike with an adjuvant provides improved uptake and transport of Broadstrike within the target plant resulting in higher levels of weed control. In the case of Broadstrike, Spraying Oil is the recommended adjuvant. Spraying Oil is a scientifically developed oil and was put through rigorous testing during development to ensure when mixed with herbicides such as Broadstrike, it delivered superior weed control over other commercially available crop oils. Spraying Days Certain environmental conditions can affect the performance of herbicides. The environmental condition is rain. Broadstrike, like most herbicides, requires a minimum of 4 hours and preferably 6 hours of fine weather after spraying to ensure plant uptake and rainfastness. In the case of Broadstrike, warm sunny conditions greatly improve the activity of Broadstrike and consequently best results, particularly when spraying in summer, will be achieved either early in the day or later in the afternoon when temperatures are milder. This is particularly important when controlling wild radish given its hard-to-kill nature. When spraying in winter, spraying should be conducted during the middle of the day and spraying should be stopped by mid afternoon to allow time for absorption into the weed.

6 WEED REFERENCE TABLE CONTROL GUIDE Amsinckia (Yellow burrweed) Ball mustard Calepina (White ball mustard) Capeweed Up to 10 leaf or up to Up to 6 leaf or up to 5 cm diameter Up to 4 leaf or up to + bromoxynil (200 g/l) 700 ml/ha or wetter + diuron (500 g/l) 100 ml/ha WEED SEEDLING Pictures above courtesy of Broadleaf Weed Seedlings (a field guide) by JJ Dellow, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Indu MATURE WEED Pictures above courtesy of Weeds by B.A. Auld and R.W. Medd, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries. v Photo courtesy NSW Department of Industry & Investment. # Photos courtesy of Qld Department of Primary Industries.

7 Broadstrike Herbicide Pasture Weed Control Guide Charlock Cotula (WA only) Doublegee (Spiny emex) Dwarf marigold (Poverty weed) 25 g/ha BROADSTRIKE + Up to 4 leaf or up to 25 g/ha BROADSTRIKE + Up to 4 leaf or up to wetter + diuron (500 g/l) 100 ml/ha Up to 6 leaf or up to 15 cm diameter + bromoxynil (200 g/l) 700 ml/ha or wetter + 2,4-DB (500 g/l) L/ha Up to 10 leaf or up to 15 cm high 25 g/ha BROADSTRIKE + # stries. # v

8 WEED REFERENCE TABLE CONTROL GUIDE (continued) Fat hen Fumitory Hedge mustard Indian hedge mustard Up to 15 leaf or up to 20 cm high (Spring and summer pasture only) Up to 6 leaf or up to 8 cm diameter wetter + terbutryn (500 g/l) 300 ml/ha WEED SEEDLING Pictures above courtesy of Broadleaf Weed Seedlings (a field guide) by JJ Dellow, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industri MATURE WEED Pictures above courtesy of Weeds by B.A. Auld and R.W. Medd, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries. v Photo courtes

9 Broadstrike Herbicide Pasture Weed Control Guide Marshmallow (Small flowered mallow) seedlings Paterson s curse (Salvation Jane) Peppercress Pheasant s eye Up to 4 leaf or up to 25 g/ha BROADSTRIKE + Up to 10 leaf or up to 20 cm diameter wetter + 2,4-DB (500 g/l) L/ha + bromoxynil (200 g/l) 700 ml/ha or wetter + terbutryn (500 g/l) 300 ml/ha Up to 10 leaf or up to 15 cm diameter 25 g/ha BROADSTRIKE+ wetter + 2,4-DB (500 g/l) L/ha Up to 7 leaf or up to es. v y of Primary Industries South Australia and Agriculture Victoria.

10 WEED REFERENCE TABLE CONTROL GUIDE (continued) Shepherd s purse Three-horned bedstraw Turnip weed Ward s weed Up to 6 leaf or up to Up to 12 leaf or up to 15 g/ha BROADSTRIKE + 5 cm diameter WEED SEEDLING Pictures above courtesy of Broadleaf Weed Seedlings (a field guide) by JJ Dellow, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industri MATURE WEED Pictures above courtesy of Weeds by B.A. Auld and R.W. Medd, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries.

11 es. Broadstrike Herbicide Pasture Weed Control Guide Wild radish Wild turnip Wireweed Up to 6 leaf or up to 15 cm diameter + bromoxynil (200 g/l) 700 ml/ha or wetter + MCPA amine (500 g/l) 500 ml/ha (Clover only) Up to 6 leaf or up to 15 cm diameter Up to 10 leaf or up to 15 cm diameter wetter + 2,4-DB (500 g/l) L/ha

12 Solutions for the Growing World 40 COUNTRIES 2000 SCIENTISTS GAME CHANGING PRODUCTS SECURING WORLD FOOD DEMANDS WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN TO YOU? For more information contact your local Dow AgroSciences representative on TOLL FREE Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. Registered trademark.